共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
环境公益诉讼,是遏制环境违法行为和救济环境公益的重要法律手段。美国的环境公益诉讼制度在美国环境法律中具有重要地位,特别是在维护公民环境权益方面具有不可替代的作用。研究美国法律中关于环境公益诉讼的规定以及司法实践中的具体做法,将会对建立中国的环境公益诉讼制度提供有益的参考和借鉴。 相似文献
4.
基于环境公益诉讼在世界各国环境保护领域取得的显著成效,学术界及环保实务界呼吁在我国建立环境公益诉讼制度,以推动我国环境保护工作的法制化进程。从借鉴国外成熟经验,建立适合中国国情的环境公益诉讼制度的角度考量,笔者现对美国环境法中的公民诉讼制度予以介绍,并就如何构建我国环境公益诉讼制度进行探讨。 相似文献
5.
环境诉讼与环境损害鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
吴宇欣 《环境与可持续发展》2013,(1):57-60
2012年《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的修改使环境诉讼类型发生了重大变化,环境公益诉讼法典化使环境损害鉴定成为环境诉讼中重要环节。从诉讼法学角度研究环境损害鉴定具有重要理论价值和实践意义。本研究在更为宽泛的环境法学界域下,以环境法学研究新模式,从理论层面阐释环境诉讼与环境损害鉴定,构建环境损害鉴定法律规范体系,以期为我国环境损害鉴定提供理论支撑。研究表明,我国环境损害鉴定尚处于探索阶段,目前存在着鉴定主体不明确、鉴定技术标准缺失、鉴定范围模糊、鉴定理论准备不充分等问题,因此其法理、法律、技术标准亟待研究和制定。尤其法学研究者应重点关注以下方面:第一,构建环境损害鉴定的法律框架;第二,阐明环境损害损害鉴定法学理论基础;第三,制定具有法律效力的环境损害鉴定技术标准。 相似文献
6.
美国环境法的执行手段分为民事执行(civil enforcement)和刑事执行(criminal enforcement)。美国的民事执行主要针对一般违法行为.包括直接由政府官员进行执行和政府官员向法院提起诉讼执行两种。行政机关的直接执行往往针对轻微违法行为.向法院提起的执行一般适用于比较严重的违法行为。刑事执行一般用来对付故意违法的个人或企业,适用于法律规定采取最严厉惩罚的违法行为。 相似文献
7.
8.
Storm King:美国环境公益诉讼的经典案例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Storm King一案被美国法律专家和环境保护主义者认为是美国现代环境法的奠基之作,因为它为环保组织开启了一扇门,即确立了通过诉讼保护美学和其他非经济利益的司法审判标准。这一案例开创了律师和非政府组织利用诉讼来推动环境保护的新时代,并且直接促成了美国自然资源保护委员会(The Natural Resources Defense Council,NRDC)和环境保护基金(Environmental Defense Fund)的成立。该案尤其呈现了一种包括立法、直接参与政府行政、媒体和公共关系高度结合的新环保方法。 相似文献
9.
环境公益诉讼在我国未呈井喷式出现的主要原因是缺乏对原告的起诉激励机制。经济学的有限理性假设以及共有物品理论为环境公益诉讼激励机制构建了理论模型。美国在环境公民诉讼中规定了公益律所与法律服务机构、败诉方负担规则、告发人诉讼规则,印度在环境公益诉讼中规定了调查委员会制度、信函管辖制度、执行监督机构制度。通过对美、印两国具体激励机制的借鉴,我国可以从完善法律援助制度、加强法院调查取证能动性、构建胜诉取筹制等方面对环境公益诉讼激励机制进行完善。 相似文献
10.
我国环境诉讼的困境与出路 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
我国环境纠纷投诉数量巨大,但环境诉讼数量偏少,其原因主要是地方保护主义不当干预环境司法、环境诉讼成本过高、环境诉讼中举证难度较大、司法机关对群体性诉讼管辖规定的不合理等。为解决这些问题,需要健全和完善环境诉讼的立法和司法解释,废除"土政策""土解释";尽快健全和完善环境司法鉴定制度,为诉讼当事人收集环境诉讼证据提供条件;应当降低环境诉讼的成本,实行环境诉讼费的减、缓、免和环境法律援助制度;有必要进一步完善环境公益诉讼制度,降低环保组织提起环境公益诉讼的门槛,扩大环境公益诉讼的对象和范围。 相似文献
11.
<正>南非位于南半球,非洲大陆的最南端,地处南纬22度到35度之间,面积为121.9万平方公里,人口约为4700万,是非洲大陆经济最发达的国家,因其多民族和多元文化的融合而被称为"彩虹之国"。南非境内共有20座国家公园,此外还有不少的省区管理和私人运营 相似文献
12.
刘必琥 《环境与可持续发展》2006,(5):60-63
在发达国家,解决环境污染问题已由单纯的环境保护转为社会公正问题,环境公正成为西方国家的一项基本国策,我们应借鉴发达国家的经验,走环境与社会和谐可持续发展之路. 相似文献
13.
《环境保护》2016,(3):84-86
[案件来源]环境保护部环境监察局[案件分析人]孙洪坤[案件类型]环境行政公益诉讼[案件名称]贵州省金沙县检察院诉金沙县环保局怠于处罚逾期不缴纳排污费的企业集[案件特点]全国首例检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼[诉讼理由]金沙县环保局怠于处罚逾期不缴纳排污费的企业[关键词]检察机关;环境行政公益诉讼;检察建议权[案件概要]2013年9月,贵州省金沙县环保局通知佳乐建筑安装工程有限公司(下称“佳乐公司”)应缴纳噪音排污费121520元,但企业一直未缴纳.县环保局责令其于2014年8月23日前缴纳排污费.10月乃日,佳乐公司缴纳了排污费,但己属逾期缴费,县环保局却不准备对企业行政处罚.金沙县检察院以金沙县环保局怠于处罚逾期不缴纳排污费的企业为由,诉上法院.法院受理案件之后,金沙县环保局对违法企业进行了处罚,检察机关向法院申请撤诉并得到了允许. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
17.
Elizabeth Bryan Temesgen T. Deressa Glwadys A. Gbetibouo Claudia Ringler 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(4):413-426
Climate change is expected to adversely affect agricultural production in Africa. Because agricultural production remains the main source of income for most rural communities in the region, adaptation of the agricultural sector is imperative to protect the livelihoods of the poor and to ensure food security. A better understanding of farmers’ perceptions of climate change, ongoing adaptation measures, and the decision-making process is important to inform policies aimed at promoting successful adaptation strategies for the agricultural sector. Using data from a survey of 1800 farm households in South Africa and Ethiopia, this study presents the adaptation strategies used by farmers in both countries and analyzes the factors influencing the decision to adapt. We find that the most common adaptation strategies include: use of different crops or crop varieties, planting trees, soil conservation, changing planting dates, and irrigation. However, despite having perceived changes in temperature and rainfall, a large percentage of farmers did not make any adjustments to their farming practices. The main barriers to adaptation cited by farmers were lack of access to credit in South Africa and lack of access to land, information, and credit in Ethiopia. A probit model is used to examine the factors influencing farmers’ decision to adapt to perceived climate changes. Factors influencing farmers’ decision to adapt include wealth, and access to extension, credit, and climate information in Ethiopia; and wealth, government farm support, and access to fertile land and credit in South Africa. Using a pooled dataset, an analysis of the factors affecting the decision to adapt to perceived climate change across both countries reveals that farmers were more likely to adapt if they had access to extension, credit, and land. Food aid, extension services, and information on climate change were found to facilitate adaptation among the poorest farmers. We conclude that policy-makers must create an enabling environment to support adaptation by increasing access to information, credit and markets, and make a particular effort to reach small-scale subsistence farmers, with limited resources to confront climate change. 相似文献
18.
全球环境变化给发展中国家和南北关系带来深刻影响,理解环境问题的全球不平等需要以发展中国家80年代开始的经济结构调整和沉重债务为背景。南方的环境政策优先在很大程度上与其生活的可持续性相连,而不是通常与全球环境变化的长期性风险相关,然而,全球环境变化又与发展中国家贫困人口的日常生活紧密相关。从南方的立场看,当“问题”对他们不十分迫切时,就很难同意采取措施,仅此原因,北方对全球环境变化的关切要得到成功回应,真正的全球契约就需要解决基本“发展”问题,主要是贫困。 相似文献
19.
Ingrid Christine Koch Coleen Vogel Zarina Patel 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(8):1323-1339
Climate change is a multi-dimensional issue and in terms of adaptation numerous state and non-state actors are involved from
global to national and local scales. The aim of this paper is first to analyse specific institutional networks involved in
climate change predominantly at the national level in South Africa and second to determine how different stakeholders perceive
their role vis-a-vis climate change adaptation. Within the South African context there is a gap in understanding and evaluating
how institutional networks operate and thus the findings of this work may help inform and strengthen such relationships in
the future. Results showed that few institutions fully understand the implications of adaptation and their roles and responsibilities
have not yet been properly defined. Constraints relating to capacity, lack of awareness and poor information flow need to
be addressed. Climate change is perceived as an important issue although problems such as poverty reduction and job creation
remain national priorities. Most importantly this research has demonstrated how adaptation challenges the hierarchical manner
in which government works and a more collaborative approach to climate change adaptation is needed. Adaptation needs to be
mainstreamed and institutional networks need to be strengthened in order for adaptation mechanisms to be effectively implemented.
相似文献
Ingrid Christine KochEmail: |