活性氧化铝/硅胶吸附剂对环境水体的脱氟行为研究及应用初探

试制新型活性氧化铝/硅胶脱氟吸附剂,具有除氟选择性高、吸附容量大、适于在中性介质中应用、高温下吸附效果更佳等特点.其脱氟机理系典型的化学吸附作用,在含氟8.0mg/L的地热井井口的柱试验结果表明,当处理指标定为水中含氟1.0和3.0mg/L时,穿透体积V_b分别为2380和4000柱体积.饮用水实地试验结果表明,该吸附剂不仅具有除氟效能,还具有显著的降浊、脱色,脱碱和除铁等作用.     

磁性纳米复合吸附剂PFM对铜的吸附性能与吸附机理研究

制备了磁性纳米复合吸附剂PAM@Fe₃O₄/MnO₂(PFM),用于含铜废水的吸附实验研究,考察了吸附剂投加量、重金属溶液初始浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:磁性纳米复合吸附剂PFM可有效去除水中的铜离子,在Cu²⁺浓度为50 mg/L,pH为6.0,吸附剂量为1.6 g/L的条件下,在400 min达到吸附平衡,吸附容量可达到30.29 mg/g,Cu²⁺去除率可达到97%。吸附-再生循环实验证实PFM具有良好的再生性能,在去除Cu²⁺方面具有很好的实际应用前景。VSM分析表明:纳米PFM具备超顺磁性和铁磁性的优势;PFM的XRD图谱显示,PAM附着于纳米Fe₃O₄/MnO₂表面,增强了其与溶液中金属离子接触的表面积,有利于对金属离子的吸附;在纳米PFM吸附剂的FTIR中出现PAM中的酰胺键,印证了Fe₃O₄/MnO_...     

载镁活化天然沸石处理高氟水实验研究

为了提高沸石对氟的吸附能力,采用氯化镁对活化天然沸石进行改性,分析了除氟剂的性能,确定了除氟剂改性的最佳条件:10%氯化镁溶液,固液比1∶4,pH=7.0,室温以300 r/min的速度振荡改性3h。最佳除氟条件:pH=7.0,室温以300 r/min的速度搅拌反应1.5 h。吸附剂对F-的吸附过程符合Langmuir及Freundlich等温线方程,由D-R模型拟合可知,除氟剂对氟的吸附为物理吸附过程。在最佳反应条件下,水样中氟浓度由2 mg/L降低到0.78 mg/L,符合GB5949-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》(≤1 mg/L)。     

零价纳米铁处理水中Cr(Ⅵ)的实验研究

采用NaBH4还原Fe3+制备纳米级零价铁(NZVI).运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行表征.以Cr(Ⅵ)为研究对象,批实验考察了初始浓度、纳米铁投加量、温度对去除效果的影响,研究NZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附动力学.结果表明,NZVI加入量0.15 gL,水体中20 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率...     

磁性铝基MOF的表征和对水体中氟化物吸附性能研究

我国多地的地表水受到成土母质或背景值的影响,氟离子浓度均超过1.0 mg/L,即高于GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准限值.为了实现地表水的快速降氟和吸附材料的便捷回收,通过水热法制备了磁性Al-MOF@Fe₃O₄吸附材料,使用扫描电极（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和孔隙度分析仪（BET）对材料的形貌和化学组成进行了表征.结果表明:①Al-MOF@Fe₃O₄具有不规则的晶体形状和直径更小的介孔结构,能够提供更高的比表面积吸附氟离子.②吸附试验结果表明,Al-MOF/Fe₃O₄的吸附量达到了75.2 mg/g,吸附过程更加符合拟二阶动力学模型,证明了化学吸附是该除氟过程的主要机理.③增加吸附剂投加和降低氟离子初始浓度,有助于提高除氟效率,但却难以得到较高的吸附量,同时碱性条件不利于氟离子的吸附,阴离子对除氟性能的影响程度表现为CO₃2- > HCO₃- > SO₄2- > PO₄3- > Cl-.④对吸附机理的研究表明,氟离子是通过取代Al-OH实现稳定和快速地脱离水体,使用NaOH溶液淋洗可以实现吸附剂的高效再生.⑤5次循环吸附试验后,复合材料依然保留了71.4 mg/g的吸附能力和良好的磁性.在实际地表水中进行除氟试验,该吸附剂可以将氟化物浓度从1.17 mg/L降至0.2 mg/L以下.研究显示,Al-MOF@Fe₃O₄纳米材料可以作为地表水除氟材料,实现对低浓度氟离子的高效去除.      

Fluoride removal by Al, Ti, and Fe hydroxides and coexisting ion effect

Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate fluoride removal by Al,Fe,and Ti-based coagulants and adsorbents,as well as the effects of coexisting ions and formation of aluminum–fluoride complexes on fluoride removal by co-precipitation with alum(Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O).Aluminum sulfate was more efficient than the other coagulants for fluoride removal in the pH range between 6 and 8.Nano-crystalline TiO_2 was more effective for fluoride removal than Al and Fe hydroxides in a pH range of 3–5.Coexisting anions in water decreased the removal of fluoride in the order:phosphate(2.5 mg/L) arsenate(0.1 mg/L) bicarbonate(200 mg/L) sulfate(100 mg/L) = nitrate(100 mg/L) silicate(10 mg/L) at a pH of 6.0.The effect of silicate became more significant at pH 7.0.Calcium and magnesium improved the removal of fluoride.Zeta-potential measurements determined that the adsorption of fluoride shifted the PZC of Al(OH)_3 precipitates from 8.9 to 8.4,indicating the chemical adsorption of fluoride at the surface.The presence of fluoride in solution significantly increased the soluble aluminum concentration at pH 6.5.A Visual MINTEQ modeling study indicated that the increased aluminum solubility was caused by the formation of AlF~(2+),AlF~(+2),and AlF_3complexes.The AlF_x complexes decreased the removal of fluoride during co-precipitation with aluminum sulfate.     

响应曲面分析优化改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中氟的吸附性能及机理研究

为提升粉煤灰漂珠对水溶液中氟的吸附性能,以氧化钙为原料,采用煅烧法制备钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附材料.通过响应曲面分析中的Box-Behnken设计吸附氟试验,探讨各吸附因数及其交互作用对吸附效果的影响,确定最佳吸附条件.利用SEM（扫描电镜）、EDS（能量散射光谱）、XRD（X射线衍射）以及BET比表面积等手段对吸附材料进行表征,并结合吸附动力学、吸附等温试验探讨钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附剂的除氟机制.结果表明:①初始ρ（F-）和吸附温度对改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附水中F-的去除率有显著影响,当pH为5.0、初始ρ（F-）为125 mg/L、吸附温度为40℃时,改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中F-的吸附效果最佳.②动力学试验显示,改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中F-的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,说明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主;与Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型相比,Temkin吸附等温模型更适合于描述该吸附平衡过程.③SEM、EDS和BET比表面积分析显示,改性后的粉煤灰漂珠内部生成了具有不规则表面和多孔结构的含钙团簇物质,从而增加了BET比表面积,改善了孔隙结构.XRD分析显示,钙改性粉煤灰漂珠主要通过离子交换作用吸附去除水中的F-.研究显示,以工业废物为原料制备的钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附剂的最大除氟率为93.59%,是一种具有应用潜力的低成本吸附材料.      

Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: Equilibrium,ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non-linear Langmuir isotherm for ch...     

Removal efficiency of fluoride by novel Mg-Cr-Cl layered double hydroxide by batch process from water

The fluoride ion removal from aqueous solution using synthesized Mg-Cr-Cl layered double hydroxide has been reported.Mg-Cr-Cl was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared,thermo-gravimetric analysis,differential thermal analysis,and scanning electron microscope.Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch mode as a function of adsorption dosages,contact time,pH,and initial fluoride concentration to get optimum adsorption capacity.The adsorption kinetic study showed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics.The fluoride removal was 88.5% and 77.4% at pH 7 with an adsorbent dose of 0.6 g/100 mL solution and initial fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L,respectively.The equilibrium was established at 40 min.Adsorption experiment data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm with R 2 = 0.9924.Thermodynamic constants were also measured and concluded that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.The removal percentage decreased slowly with increasing pH.This process is suitable for industrial effluents.The regeneration of the material is not possible.     

壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒去除低温水中硝酸盐的机理研究

为解决我国北方严寒地区常规工艺难以有效去除低温地下水中硝酸盐污染的问题,以4A沸石分子筛为载体,通过壳聚糖改性制备出一种具有低温去除水中硝酸盐功能的吸附颗粒,有望作为吸附剂应用于常规水处理工艺的提标改造.通过小试试验,研究壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒去除低温水中硝酸盐的反应机理,分析其去除硝酸盐过程的吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学,并通过pH_PZC（零电点）测定、FT-IR（傅里叶红外光谱）和XPS（X射线光电子能谱）进一步分析其反应前、后表面物化特性.结果表明:①在温度为8~10℃下,壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒对硝酸盐的吸附平衡时间为8 h,平衡吸附量为1.88 mg/g.②吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,吸附热力学参数△G0 < 0、△H0>0、△S0>0,表明吸附为熵增加的吸热过程.③壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒的pH_PZC为10.0,FT-IR结果表明,-NH₂和-OH官能团吸附了水中的硝酸根离子,XPS结果表明,N（1s）和O（1s）元素在吸附过程中参与反应.研究显示,壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒分子结构中的-NH₂和-OH基团通过静电结合和氢键作用与硝酸根离子进行吸附反应.      

污泥与煤共热解制备吸附剂及其对活性艳红X-3B的吸附性能

以污水处理站脱水污泥和煤为原料共热解制备吸附剂,将其用于活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水的吸附处理.考察了吸附时间,温度,pH及吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨.结果表明:所制备吸附剂的碘吸附值为321.62 mg/g,产率为44.85%,比表面积为189.23 m2>/sup>/g,浸出液中未检测出重金属;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的去除率随吸附时间、温度和吸附剂投加量的增加均增大,并逐渐趋于平衡,而随pH的增加而减小;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学比较符合伪二级吸附动力学方程和二阶段吸附动力学方程,颗粒内扩散过程是吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤;Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述该吸附行为;吸附焓变(ΔH0>/sup>)>0,吸附是一个吸热过程,提高温度有利于吸附的进行,吸附自由能变(ΔG0>/sup>)<0,吸附过程为自发进行,吸附熵变(ΔS0>/sup>)>0.      

树脂基纳米钛锆氧化物复合吸附剂同步去除水中磷和氟

以大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂D201为基体,负载纳米钛、锆氧化物,制备新型树脂基纳米钛锆氧化物复合吸附剂TiZr-D201.通过吸附等温线实验、pH影响实验、竞争吸附实验、动力学实验及柱吸附实验,并结合对吸附剂的表征,探讨了复合吸附剂对水中磷和氟的吸附性能和相应的吸附机制.结果表明,当pH值为5.8,温度为308K时,Ti-Zr-D201对磷和氟的Langmuir拟合最大吸附容量分别是34.9 mg·g~(-1)和35.1 mg·g~(-1),且吸附行为是自发进行的,温度越高,吸附效果越好;与磷相比,pH值对Ti-Zr-D201吸附氟的影响更为显著;选取SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和Cl~-作为竞争离子,Ti-Zr-D201较基体D201表现出很好的抗干扰能力;内扩散模型拟合结果表明Ti-Zr-D201在吸附平衡前存在两个不同的吸附阶段;柱吸附实验表明Ti-Zr-D201具有稳定的结构和良好的动态吸附性能,并且可再生循环使用,具备实际应用的潜力.     

Synthesis of a novel illite@carbon nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

A novel illite@carbon (I@C) nanocomposite adsorbent has been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) using glucose as carbonaceous source and illite as the carrier. The morphology, microstructure and surface properties of the prepared nanocomposite adsorbent were analyzed by FESEM, TGA, XRD, FT-IR and Zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were carried out on the adsorption of Cr(VI) to determine the adsorption properties of the composite. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the I@C nanocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. Compared with the illite and carbon material (SC) separately, the prepared I@C nanocomposite adsorbent exhibited enhanced adsorption performance for Cr(VI) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic based on the adsorption thermodynamics study. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by I@C was highly pH-dependent and the optimum adsorption occurred at pH 2.0. The Zeta potential analysis results indicated that the electrostatic interactions between anionic Cr(VI) and the positively charged surface of the adsorbent might be critical to the adsorption mechanism. This study demonstrated that the I@C nanocomposite should be a promising candidate for a low-cost, environmental friendly and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from wastewater.     

烟梗黄原酸酯吸附铜离子性能研究

以废烟梗为原料,通过制备烟梗黄原酸酯对废烟梗进行化学改性,并用其吸附Cu^2＋。考察了搅拌速度,吸附剂用量,pH,温度,粒度,Cu^2＋初始浓度和吸附时间对吸附量的影响,发现各种参数对Cu^2＋的吸附都有影响。对于50mg／L的Cu^2＋,吸附平衡时间为10min,吸附量为19．30mg／g,Cu^2＋去除率可达96％。室温下吸附Cu^2＋时,可以用拟二级动力学模型描述。结果表明,化学改性的废烟梗去除Cu^2＋具有良好的应用前景。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechamsm studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads.Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(Ⅱ) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non-linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However,the adsorption capacity of Pb(Ⅱ) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), K~+ and Na~+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions.     

Removal of heavy metals from artificial metals contaminated water samples based on micelle-templated silica modified with pyoverdin I

The micelle-templated silica (MTS) was firstly chemically modified with 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) before immobilized with pyoverdin I. The characteristics of pyoverdin I-anchored onto the modified MTS were investigated using fluorescence, infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area of all materials was calculated by Bnmauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method using nitrogen isotherm adsorption data. As the results, the surface area of commercial silica gel decreased from 609.2 to 405.4 m2/g, it indicated that the pyoverdin I could be immobilized onto the surface of silica solid support. This adsorbent was used for extraction of Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), and Pb(Ⅱ) in artificial metals contaminated water. Experimental conditions for effective adsorption of trace levels of metal ions were optimized with respect to different experimental parameters using batch procedure. The optimum pH value for the removal of metal ions simultaneously on this adsorbent was 4.0. Complete desorption of the adsorbed metal ions from the adsorbent was carded out using 0.25 mol/L of EDTA. The effcct of different cations and anions on the adsorption of these metals on adsorbent was studied and the results showed that the proposed adsorbent could be applied to the highly saline samples and the sample which contains some transition metals.     

巯基乙胺改性蛭石对水体中Ag(I)的吸附性能研究

用巯基乙胺(MEA)来改性天然蛭石,并利用FTIR、BET、TG-DSC等手段对蛭石和改性蛭石进行表征,分析结果显示MEA成功负载到蛭石上.同时,研究改性蛭石对Ag+的吸附性能,结果表明,经过巯基乙胺改性后蛭石的吸附能力得到较大提升Ag+的去除率从20%提升到79%,吸附大约在200min达到平衡,吸附剂最佳投加量为2g/L左右,pH值在6~12范围内都有较好的吸附效果.Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型能够很好的解释VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附过程.VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附机理主要有电荷吸附和配位吸附.