共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 38 毫秒
1.
如果没有水,地球会像火星一样死寂通常的说法是,一个水分子是由1个氧原子和2个氢原子通过化学键连接而成。而实际情况是,单个氢原子高速运动,在不到一毫秒的时间内,断开原有连接,同其他氧原子构成新的水分子。这一特性增强了水的流体性质,使其能够在生命系统内传输重要的化学物质。 相似文献
2.
新环保法在不同章节多次分条款强调了不同的环境经济政策,并对现行环境经济政策进行了切合实际的完善与修改,这说明国家正在从法律层面进一步促进环境经济政策的落地。
第三章“保护和改善环境”中的第31条提出,“国家建立、健全生态保护补偿制度”,“国家加大对生态保护地区的财政转移支付力度。有关地方人民政府应当落实生态保护补偿资金,确保其用于生态保护补偿”,“国家指导受益地区和生态保护地区人民政府通过协商或者按照市场规则进行生态保护补偿”。 相似文献
3.
环境保护一个重要的职能是统筹协调好人类社会发展与环境(特指自然环境)的关系,并通过内涵式、生态化的发展,实现人类社会的可持续发展. 相似文献
4.
环境经济手段的局限:从各国实践的角度考察 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文从评价环境经济刺激手段的标准出发 ,具体分析工业化国家、经济转轨国家各自的实践 ,探讨经济刺激手段在实际运用中的局限 ,以利该法潜在优势的充分发挥。 相似文献
5.
<正>第11个五年计划就要结束了。过去的五年里,中国经济依然保持较高的发展势头,GDP平均增长速率达10.88%。即使在全球金融危机爆发之际,中国经济快车依然没有减速的迹象。然而,与经济高速发展形成鲜明对比的是,节能减排指标完成情况并不尽人意,环境保护的压力相对"十五"并没有得到有效的缓解。环保部2010年2月6日发表的《第一次全国污染源普查公报》显示,我国城乡环境污染形势依然十分严峻,环境保护任务十分紧迫。中国环境问题的 相似文献
6.
7.
在我国土地整理项目的规划设计中农业生态效益并未得到相应的重视,土地整理尚停留在对农业生产基础设施的综合改善阶段,我们试以设计的角度出发来探讨其产生的原因和改进的方法。 相似文献
8.
本文根据中国地域辽阔、区域划分明显的特点,提出应以区域为基本单元、因地制宜进行环境污染防治规划。按照东中西三大地带、以长江为界的南北两大区域、城镇建成区和农村面源地区等区域,指出了各大区域的环境污染防治重点。 相似文献
9.
环境保护牵涉面很广,综合性很强,需要多学科配合,各行各业共同努力,才能搞好。应该充分利用物理、化学、地学、生物、医学等各门学科的知识,来研究由于工农业发展所造成的环境污染和对环境利用不当而造成的环境退化问题。国外对这一问题相当重视,不少国家都把它列入科学研究规划或计划的重点之一,目前在这方面的研究重点是:弄清污染物在环境中的运动规律及由此引起的环境变化,污染物的生物效应及对人体健康的影响,控制和改善环境的原理、方法和技术。拿防治水体 相似文献
10.
近年来我国发生多起px(对二甲苯)项目遭到当地群众反对事件,民众担心px项目会对当地的环境和民众身体造成伤害,从环保角度分析px项目的危险性不在于其生产的px而在于它的中间产物为苯和硫化氢两种有毒物质,px项目的生产工艺性质成熟稳定,风险可控,建设时要符合国家相关标准也要注意生产建设中的一些的问题。 相似文献
11.
12.
Wilhelm Schramm 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1998,6(3-4)
This article presents a method for a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view as well as the results of testing this method in practice. Based on these results and on an analysis of existing technology information systems, an estimation is made of the general possibilities and limitations of a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view. Finally, the resulting consequences for the definition of ‘best available techniques' in accordance with the new EC Council Directive Concerning Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) are discussed. This article argues that apart from the difficulties related to the valuation of different kinds of materials and energy a major limiting factor is caused by the fact that the function of a production has to be defined very precisely to enable a comparison between different types of process technologies in sufficient detail. 相似文献
13.
2004年9月~2006年10月,在华北地区4个站点开展了太阳辐射、气象参数等综合观测,得到了紫外辐射UV、总辐射Q等的变化特征.水汽和散射因子对于UV/Q和UV有明显影响.建立了实际天气UV小时累计值(时累)的经验模式,得到了较好的计算结果.水汽因子对于UV在大气中的传输有一定的作用,应给予重视.计算表明,华北地区受水汽因子衰减到达地面的UV以及占地面UV的比例分别为15.00W.m-2和37.45%,受散射因子衰减到达地面的UV以及占地面UV的比例分别为23.89W.m-2和62.55%.华北地区受水汽因子和散射因子影响损失于大气中的UV分别为19.30、35.31W.m-2,这一能量损失表现出明显的季节变化和地区差异.敏感性实验表明,地表UV对于水汽和散射因子的变化有不同的响应,UV对散射因子的变化比对水汽因子的变化更敏感.水汽因子与UV之间的关系与水密切相关,水汽项的真正含义是大气中各种物质成分(气、液、固态)对于UV的直接吸收和间接利用(通过化学和光化学反应,包括均相和非均相过程)的总和.利用经验模式计算了大气顶的UV,计算误差为+7.83%.未来研究中应重视和考虑消耗于大气且与水汽有关的这部分能量.以能量观点分析实测资料并研究大气中的物理化学过程是一种行之有效的方法. 相似文献
14.
《Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere》1991,25(2):203-211
At the end of July 1987 a heat wave came over Greece and had as a consequence an increase in the mortality to double the normal values. Predicted mean vote (PMV), physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), and for comparison discomfort index (DI) as thermal indices as well as core temperature, mean skin temperature, and skin wetness as body parameters are calculated for that period based on meteorological data of the Meteorological Institute of the National Observatory in the centre of Athens and of the suburban station New Philadelphia of the Hellenic National Weather Service. The results for the thermal indices and the body parameters indicate a very high thermal stress on people. In addition, the air quality stress index (AQSI) has been used for characterizing air quality conditions in Athens during the heat wave. The results Combined with the thermal effects of the heat wave the stress on humans due to environmental conditions has been very injurious to health. 相似文献
15.
在分析1997,1998和1999年黄河干流水质监测数据及取水口水质水量资料的基础上,结合水体用途,从水质的角度对黄河干流水资源做出相关评价,并提出了水资源功能容量和水资源功能亏缺的概念,结果表明:黄河干流取水口处水质对取水水体用途的影响显著;1999年黄河干流具备水资源功能的取水量为159.42亿m^3,不具备水资源功能的取水量为80.94亿m^3,与水资源功能容量相比,黄河干流水资源功能亏缺相对较大;且在1997-1998-1999年间,干流水资源功能亏缺存在增加的趋势。 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
This research measured the mortality rates of pathogen indicator microorganisms discharged from various point and non-point sources in an urban area.Water samples were collected from a domestic sewer,a combined sewer overflow,the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant,and an urban river.Mortality rates of indicator microorganisms in sediment of an urban river were also measured.Mortality rates of indicator microorganisms in domestic sewage,estimated by assuming first order kinetics at 20°C were 0.197 day -1 ,0.234 day -1 ,0.258 day -1 and 0.276 day -1 for total coliform,fecal coliform,Escherichia coli,and fecal streptococci,respectively.Effects of temperature,sunlight irradiation and settlement on the mortality rate were measured.Results of this research can be used as input data for water quality modeling or can be used as design factors for treatment facilities. 相似文献
19.
雷鸣 《中国ISO14000认证》2010,(2):19-22
对环境问题造成的经济损失进行估算是科学决策实现可持续发展的一项基础性工作。本文运用当前的经济损失估算方法,对我国环境问题所带来的经济损失进行了估算。 相似文献
20.
Kyriaki Remoundou Phoebe Koundouri Areti Kontogianni Paulo A.L.D. Nunes Michalis Skourtos 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(7):1040-1051
This paper attempts to examine whether information from valuation studies can help the design of policies adequate to reverse and halt the generally poor state of marine and coastal ecosystems of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Economic implications of managing coastal and marine environments are thus discussed by assessing the results of different valuation studies implemented in the area. Lessons and policy recommendations from existing literature are inferred to guide marine resources management decisions. One of our main findings is that there are extremely few published studies within the Mediterranean and Black Sea region which highlights the potential for future research on coastal and marine ecosystems ability to sustain different goods and services as a result of climate change and anthropogenic drivers in the area. However, results reveal that there are substantial positive economic values attached to marketed and non-marketed services provided by marine and coastal ecosystems that justify their sustainable use and management. 相似文献