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1.
Introduction Arsenic (As) can be removed from water via rhizofiltration using phytostabilizing plants. The aim of this study was to investigate
the performance of Eleocharis macrostachya in constructed wetland prototypes, as well as the plant's arsenic mass retention and the distribution of As along the wetland
flow gradient and the soil in the wetland mesocosmos. 相似文献
2.
Purpose Urban waterways are impacted by diffuse stormwater runoff, yet other discharges can unintentionally contaminate them. The
Okeover stream in Christchurch, New Zealand, receives air-conditioning discharge, while its ephemeral reach relies on untreated
stormwater flow. Despite rehabilitation efforts, the ecosystem is still highly disturbed. It was assumed that stormwater was
the sole contamination source to the stream although water quality data were sparse. We therefore investigated its water and
sediment quality and compared the data with appropriate ecotoxicological thresholds from all water sources. 相似文献
3.
Background, aim and scope Water quality impairment by heavy metal contamination is on the rise worldwide. Phytoremediation technology has been increasingly
applied to remediate wastewater and stormwater polluted by heavy metals. 相似文献
4.
Bioretention, also known as rain garden, allows stormwater to soak into the ground through a soil-based medium, leading to removal of particulate and dissolved pollutants and reduced peak flows. Although soil organic matter (SOM) is efficient at sorbing many pollutants, amending the bioretention medium with highly effective adsorbents has been proposed to optimize pollutant removal and extend bioretention lifetime. The aim of this research was to investigate whether soil amended with activated carbon produced from sewage sludge increases the efficiency to remove hydrophobic organic compounds frequently detected in stormwater, compared to non-amended soil. Three lab-scale columns (520 cm3) were packed with soil (bulk density 1.22 g/cm3); activated carbon (0.5% w/w) was added to two of the columns. During 28 days, synthetic stormwater—ultrapure water spiked with seven hydrophobic organic pollutants and dissolved organic matter in the form of humic acids—was passed through the column beds using upward flow (45 mm/h). Pollutant concentrations in effluent water (collected every 12 h) and polluted soils, as well as desorbed amounts of pollutants from soils were determined using GC-MS. Compared to SOM, the activated carbon exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity for tested pollutants. The amended soil was most efficient for removing moderately hydrophobic compounds (log K
ow 4.0–4.4): as little as 0.5% (w/w), carbon addition may extend bioretention medium lifetime by approximately 10–20 years before saturation of these pollutants occurs. The column tests also indicated that released SOM sorb onto activated carbon, which may lead to early saturation of sorption sites on the carbon surface. The desorption test revealed that the pollutants are generally strongly sorbed to the soil particles, indicating low bioavailability and limited biodegradation. 相似文献
5.
Copper, a priority substance on the EU-Water Framework Directive list, is widely used to protect grapevines against fungus diseases. Many vineyards being located on steep slopes, large amounts of Cu could be discharged in downstream systems by runoff water. The efficiency of stormwater detention basins to retain copper in a vineyard catchment was estimated. Suspended solids, dissolved (Cu diss) and total Cu (Cu tot) concentrations were monitored in runoff water, upstream, into and downstream from a detention pond. Mean Cu tot concentrations in entering water was 53.6 μg/L whereas it never exceeded 2.4 μg/L in seepage. Cu tot concentrations in basin water (>100 μg/L in 24% of the samples) exceeded LC 50 values for several aquatic animals. Copper was principally sequestered by reduced compounds in the basin sediments (2/3 of Cu tot). Metal sequestration was reversible since sediment resuspension resulted in Cu remobilization. Wind velocity controlled resuspension, explained 70% of Cu diss variability and could help predicting Cu mobilization. 相似文献
6.
Purpose The aims of this paper were to quantify the heavy metals (HM) in the air of different sites in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Salvador
(SA) using Tillandsia usneoides (Bromeliaceae) as a biomonitor, and to study the morphology and elemental composition of the air particulate matter (PM)
retained on the Tillandsia surface. 相似文献
7.
Introduction Cadmium (Cd) in plants interrupts numerous metabolic processes and reduces the water and nutrient uptake that cause chlorosis,
growth retardation, and ultimately plant death. Response of Brassica napus L. to calcium (Ca) enrichment in growth medium for reducing Cd toxicity stress by strengthening the photosynthesis organelles
and their functionality was explored in this study. 相似文献
8.
Background, aim and scope Photocatalytic oxidation using UV irradiation of TiO 2 has been studied extensively and has many potential industrial applications, including the degradation of recalcitrant contaminants
in water and wastewater treatment. A limiting factor in the oxidation process is the recombination of conduction band electrons
(e
−
cb) with electron holes (h vb+) on the irradiated TiO 2 surface; thus, in aqueous conditions, the presence of an effective electron scavenger will be beneficial to the efficiency
of the oxidation process. Ferrate (FeO 42−) has received much recent attention as a water treatment chemical since it behaves simultaneously as an oxidant and coagulant.
The combination of ferrate [Fe(VI)] with UV/TiO 2 photocatalysis offers an oxidation synergism arising from the Fe(VI) scavenging of e
−
cb and the corresponding beneficial formation of Fe(V) from the Fe(VI) reduction. This paper reviews recent studies concerning
the photocatalytic oxidation of problematic pollutants with and without ferrate. 相似文献
9.
Background Chlorobenzoic acids (CBA) are intermediate products of the aerobic microbial degradation of PCB and several pesticides. This
study explores the feasibility of using basket willows, Salix viminalis, to remove 4-CBA from polluted sites, which also might stimulate PCB degradation. 相似文献
10.
Introduction The application of response surface methodology is presented for optimizing the removal of U ions from aqueous solutions using
Padina sp., a brown marine algal biomass. 相似文献
11.
Purpose China’s freshwater subtropical shallow lakes are increasingly eutrophic and susceptible to production of heavy growths or
water blooms of cyanobacteria. One example was the heavy water bloom that occurred for the first time in Lake Xuanwu, in 2005,
an urban lake located in Nanjing city. The aim of the present study was to determine dynamics of water bloom dominating Microcystis in this lake. Meanwhile, the relationship between environmental factors and Microcystis populations was also analyzed. 相似文献
12.
Background, aim, and scope Solid surfaces in contact with water have been found to be biofouled due to the attachment of various organisms. For better
understanding of the biofilm formation, the important initial stage of bacterial attachment was investigated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as a model microorganism. Effects of the biosurfactant rhamnolipids and the shear conditions were particularly examined. 相似文献
13.
Background, aim, and scope The behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in pore water
of soils and sediments. Since partitioning to DOM reduces the bioavailable or freely dissolved PAH concentration in pore water,
it is important to assess the effect of environmental variables on the magnitude of dissolved organic matter to water partition
coefficients ( K
DOC). The objective of this study was to apply passive samplers to measure freely dissolved PAHs allowing depletion from the
aqueous phase. The method was applied to determine K
DOC at different temperatures for a selection of PAHs with natural DOM of very different origin. 相似文献
14.
Background, aim, and scope Zinc is an essential micronutrient element but its concentrations found in contaminated soils frequently exceed those required
by the plant and soil organisms, and thus create danger to animal and human health. Phytoremediation is a technique, often
employed in remediation of contaminated soils, which aims to remove heavy metals or other contaminants from soils or waters
using plants. Arabidopsis ( A.) halleri ssp. gemmifera is a plant recently found to be grown vigorously in heavy metal contaminated areas of Japan and it contained remarkably high
amount of heavy metals in its shoots. However, the magnitude of Zn accumulation and tolerance in A. halleri ssp. gemmifera need to be investigated for its use as a phytoremediation plant. 相似文献
15.
Purpose This paper analyses the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in escaped: farmed and wild salmons in southern Chile,
analysing their concentrations and congener profiles in two species ( Oncorhynchus kisutch and Oncorhynchus mykiss). 相似文献
16.
Background, aim, and scope In this study, a suite of sublethal stress biomarkers were analyzed in juveniles of the sentinel species, the Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas, with a view to using them as pollution monitoring tools. The aim of this work was (1) to study baseline seasonal variations
of biomarkers in different body compartments of C. gigas in the reference site and, after selecting biomarkers presenting no seasonal variations, (2) to compare responses of these
biomarkers between contaminated and reference sites. 相似文献
17.
Aim of the study Helophytes like rush and reed are increasingly used for phytoremediation of contaminated water. This study characterises the
response of rush and reed plants to chemical stressors such as chlorobenzene, benzene and methyl- tert-butyl ether. The extractable wax layer of the cuticle was chosen for detailed investigations due to its multiple, particularly,
protective functions for plants and its easy availability for analysis. 相似文献
18.
Introduction The capability of Halimione portulacoides, Spartina maritima, and Sarcocornia fruticosa (halophytes very commonly found in salt marshes from Mediterranean areas) for enhancing remediation of tributyltin (TBT)
from estuarine sediments was investigated, using different experimental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Introduction and aims The Chilean Altiplano ecosystem is conserved free from contaminants and pollutants because of the absence of major local human
activities such as agriculture or other industries. We studied the effects of paraoxon on proliferation and apoptosis of testicular
cells during active spermatogenesis in Dugesia gonocephala collected from a pristine river (Guacollo) in the Altiplano region nearby Visviri town, Chile. 相似文献
20.
Purpose The aim of this work was to determine some microbial characteristics of Mytilus galloprovincialis harvested from four stations, located in Izmir coastal area (Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey). The area along the Izmir coast
is densely populated, and it includes extensive agricultural lands, industrial and domestic discharge. Shellfish contamination
from sewage-polluted waters is very important for public health. 相似文献
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