共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 112 毫秒
1.
《环境工程学报》2018,(12)
针对纳米零价铁(Fe~0)去除2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)时易团聚、易氧化、去除效率差等问题,采用环境友好材料羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS)对纳米零价铁进行了包覆,制成包覆型纳米零价铁。探究了包覆比例(CMS:Fe0)、pH、包覆型纳米零价铁投加量等单因素对去除率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,以包覆比例、pH、包覆型纳米零价铁的投加量为考察因素,以2,4-DCP的去除率为响应值,采用二次多项式响应面探究多因素交互作用对包覆型纳米零价铁去除2,4-DCP的影响。利用响应面优化模型对包覆型纳米零价铁去除2,4-DCP进行优化。模型优化结果显示:包覆型纳米零价铁去除2,4-DCP的最佳条件为pH 3.0,纳米零价铁包覆比例3.59:1,包覆型纳米零价铁的投加量7.96 g·L~(-1),模型预测2,4-DCP的最高去除率为90.03%,实验值为85.77%,两者相对误差为4.73%,证明了优化模型的可靠性。 相似文献
2.
通过批实验和连续通流的柱模拟实验对比研究了存在NO3-和不存在NO3-条件下零价铁(Fe0)去除Cr(Ⅵ)的反应特征,并对比分析了NO3-对零价铁(Fe0)去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。批实验结果表明,在不同初始pH条件下,NO3-的加入均使得零价铁(Fe0)去除Cr(Ⅵ)的速率升高;当初始pH=7时,NO3-的促进作用最强,反应速率是无NO3-条件下的2.1倍。柱实验结果表明,NO3-的加入使得Fe0去除Cr(Ⅵ)的反应分成了3个不同的阶段:高效期(1025 PV)。在高效期,反应中的NO3-表现为对Fe0反应位点的竞争,抑制了Cr(Ⅵ)还原。在后期的2个阶段中,反应中NO3-则呈现明显的促进作用。NO3-的存在使得零价铁(Fe0)柱趋于整体性同步钝化,延长了Fe0柱的运行寿命,并且增加了零价铁(Fe0)柱对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率。NO3-对Fe0去除Cr(Ⅵ)反应的促进作用原因是由于NO3-与Fe0反应产生Fe3O4,Fe3O4可以还原Cr(Ⅵ),并且具有阻滞反应的产物在Fe0表面堆积和促进电子传导作用。 相似文献
3.
采用零价铁耦合芬顿氧化法处理TNT红水,研究了初始pH、零价铁投加量、过氧化氢(H2O2)投加量及温度对红水中总有机碳(TOC)去除效果的影响,同时进行了TOC去除过程中反应动力学的探讨。结果表明,零价铁耦合芬顿氧化体系可有效降解TNT红水中的2,4-二硝基甲苯-3-磺酸钠和2,4-二硝基甲苯-5-磺酸钠。在初始pH为2,温度为20 ℃的条件下,加入1.5 g·L-1零价铁反应1 h后,再加入100 mL·L-1H2O2反应4 h,红水中二硝基甲苯磺酸盐浓度从500 mg·L-1降至0 mg·L-1,去除率为100%,TOC浓度从150 mg·L-1降至30 mg·L-1,去除率达到80%。反应中TOC的降解过程遵循拟二级反应动力学方程。零价铁耦合芬顿氧化法可以作为TNT红水的有效处理途径。 相似文献
4.
主要研究了纳米零价铁颗粒对土壤HCl浸提液中重金属Pb的去除效果。通过批实验探讨HCl浓度、纳米零价铁投入量以及处理时间对Pb去除率的影响。实验结果表明,纳米零价铁颗粒对浸提液中Pb的去除反应符合langmuir和freundlich等温吸附方程;反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,标准化后的反应速率常数KSA=0.018 mL/(m2·min);反应30 min时,0.5 g纳米零价铁对1.0 mol/L的HCl所提取Pb(51.7 mg/L)的去除率达到91.8%。研究结果表明,纳米零价铁对土壤HCl浸提液中Pb具有良好去除效果,但相对于处理水溶液中的Pb,反应速率偏低。 相似文献
5.
超声波/零价铁降解对硝基苯胺的试验研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
对在超声波、零价铁和超声波/零价铁(U/Fe^0)等体系中对硝基苯胺的降解规律进行了研究。研究结果表明。对硝基苯胺在超声波作用下,降解规律符合一级反应动力学模型,但超声波对高浓度的对硝基苯胺降解效果较差。在U/Fe^0体系中,超声波和零价铁对降解对硝基苯胺具有协同作用,对硝基苯胺降解速率显著提高。降解机理显示,对硝基苯胺在零价铁表面上发生原电池反应,被还原为对苯二胺,在超声波作用下进一步降解。在U/Fe^0体系中添加Cu^2 ,形成Fe/Cu原电池,可进一步促进对硝基苯胺的降解速率,降解效率优于铸铁屑形成的Fe/C原电池。 相似文献
6.
超声波/零价铁降解对硝基苯胺的试验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对在超声波、零价铁和超声波/零价铁(U/Fe0)等体系中对硝基苯胺的降解规律进行了研究。研究结果表明,对硝基苯胺在超声波作用下,降解规律符合一级反应动力学模型,但超声波对高浓度的对硝基苯胺降解效果较差。在U/Fe0体系中,超声波和零价铁对降解对硝基苯胺具有协同作用,对硝基苯胺降解速率显著提高。降解机理显示,对硝基苯胺在零价铁表面上发生原电池反应,被还原为对苯二胺,在超声波作用下进一步降解。在U/Fe0体系中添加Cu2+,形成Fe/Cu原电池,可进一步促进对硝基苯胺的降解速率,降解效率优于铸铁屑形成的Fe/C原电池。 相似文献
7.
天然有机物对零价铁去除水体中砷的影响研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在研究零价铁对水体中砷去除动力学的基础上,着重探讨了天然有机物腐殖酸对零价铁除砷的影响.并对零价铁的腐蚀产物进行了分析.结果表明,水体中的砷可以通过在零价铁腐蚀产物上的吸附得到快速去除.腐殖酸显著降低了砷的去除率,这归因于腐殖酸与零价铁腐蚀产生的铁离子形成络合物,阻止了Fe(OH)3(或Fe(OH)2)沉淀的产生.腐殖酸浓度越高.砷的去除率越低.1.00 mg腐殖酸最多可以络合约0.75 mg铁离子.当铁离子与腐殖酸的络合达到饱和后,零价铁进一步腐蚀产生的铁离子可形成Fe(OH)3(或Fe(OH)2)沉淀,这些沉淀物可吸附水体中的腐殖酸和砷,从而加速砷的去除.冷冻干燥后的零价铁腐蚀产物的结构以无定型为主,含有少量的结晶化合物,包括γ-Fe2O3、γ-FeO(OH)和Fe3O4等.腐殖酸的存在可进一步增加腐蚀产物中的无定型成分.光电能谱(XPS)分析结果显示,吸附在腐蚀产物上的砷为5价,没有发现5价砷被还原成3价砷.在应用零价铁修复砷污染水体时,应考虑腐殖酸的影响. 相似文献
8.
《环境工程学报》2016,(7)
研究了零价铁(Fe0)、Cu/Fe、Ni/Fe双金属作为渗透反应格栅(PRB)反应介质对地下水中六价铬〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕去除性能。采用烧杯批次实验研究了铜负载率、镍负载率、投加量及pH对Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率的影响。采用柱模拟室验考察Fe0、Cu/Fe和Ni/Fe双金属作为PRB反应介质对地下水中的Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果。实验结果显示,相对于Fe0,双金属去除效率显著提高,去除效果可达99.7%,速率也是Fe0单独作用时的2倍。Cu/Fe双金属系统随着铜负载率增加去除效率增加,铜负载率达到10%以后,去除效率不再增加,开始有降低的趋势;Ni/Fe双金属系统呈现相同趋势。Cu/Fe、Ni/Fe投加量越大,对Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果越好,并且酸性条件有利于Cr(Ⅵ)的去除。对于Cr(Ⅵ)的去除,Cu/Fe和Ni/Fe双金属比Fe0更具有长效性,其寿命是Fe0单独作用时的2倍以上。 相似文献
9.
10.
为了研究堆肥+零价铁混合可渗透反应墙(PRB)修复黄土高原地下水中铬铅复合污染的可行性,分别用堆肥、零价铁、堆肥+ 零价铁、堆肥+ 零价铁+活性炭为反应介质,通过模拟柱实验考察PRB修复铬铅复合污染黄土高原地下水的效果。结果表明,在实验进行30 d后当反应柱1和2对六价铬的去除率接近于零,而且对二价铅的去除率迅速下降时,反应柱3对2种污染物仍保持较高的去除率;反应介质质量比为10:2:1的反应柱4和质量比为10:1:2的反应柱5对污染物的去除效果均优于质量比为10:1:1的反应柱3;反应50 d后,添加活性炭的反应柱6对2种污染物的去除率仍在90%。这说明使用堆肥+零价铁混合可渗透反应墙修复黄土高原地下水中铬铅复合污染是可行的;且以堆肥+零价铁作为介质的反应柱去除效果优于单独以堆肥或铁粉为介质的反应柱;增加铁粉或堆肥的用量有利于铬铅复合污染的去除;且同时添加活性炭更有助于污染物的去除。 相似文献
11.
对微波修复氯丹污染土壤进行研究,重点考察了含水率、微波辐射时间、碱浓度、活性炭添加量和土壤量对其中氯丹降解的影响。结果表明:(1)总体上,氯丹降解率随着含水率的增加而先增加后减少,随着微波辐射时间的延长而增加。当含水率为20%、微波辐射15min后,α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别增加到65%和56%。(2)总体上,氯丹降解率随着微波辐射时间的延长而不断增加,7min后氯丹的降解过程基本趋于平衡。10mol/L氢氧化钠溶液存在条件下氯丹降解效果最好,15min时α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别为94%和82%。(3)氢氧化钠溶液最佳摩尔浓度为10mol/L。(4)添加1.0g活性炭条件下,氯丹降解率随着微波辐射时间延长而迅速增加,15min时α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别为98%和94%。(5)当土壤和活性炭的质量比固定为15∶1时,随着土壤量的增加,氯丹降解率明显增加。 相似文献
12.
鼠李糖脂洗脱氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤的工艺参数 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
优化了鼠李糖脂洗脱氯丹、灭蚁灵污染土壤的工艺条件,为开展有机氯农药污染场地土壤洗脱修复工程实践提供科学依据和技术参数。实验结果表明,随着洗脱剂———鼠李糖脂浓度的增加,氯丹和灭蚁灵的洗脱量呈现先增加后降低的趋势;洗脱时间和液固比对洗脱效果的影响趋势与浓度相同;在0~120 r/min范围内,氯丹和灭蚁灵洗脱量随着搅拌速度的增加而增大,80、120和200 r/min的洗脱量间差异不显著;单次洗脱量随洗脱次数的增加而降低,累计洗脱量则逐渐增大。综上所述,氯丹、灭蚁灵污染场地土壤鼠李糖脂洗脱的适宜工艺参数为鼠李糖浓度10 mmol/L,搅拌速度80 r/min,固液比1∶10,洗脱时间20 min,洗脱3次。 相似文献
13.
Adu-Kumi S Kareš R Literák J Borůvková J Yeboah PO Carboo D Akoto O Darko G Osae S Klánová J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):1963-1970
Urban, suburban and rural background air samples were collected in southern Ghana in 2008 employing polyurethane foam disc passive air samplers (PAS). PAS were analysed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), namely hexachlorocyclohexanes (α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane including metabolites (o,p'- and p,p'-DDT, DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrins (endrin, endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone), isodrin, heptachlors (heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide A and heptachlor epoxide B), chlordanes (α-, β-chlordane, oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor), endosulfans (α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate), methoxychlor and mirex using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The levels of OCPs ranged for the individual pesticides from below limit of quantification to 750 pg m(-3) (for α-endosulfan), and current agricultural application seemed to be the main primary source of most abundant pesticides. Re-volatilization of previously used pesticides from contaminated soils could not be ruled out either as potential secondary source of contamination, especially in warm and dry seasons and periods of intensive agricultural activities. Higher atmospheric concentrations were observed in November and December during the dry season compared to lower concentrations observed in June, July and August when the country experiences heavy rains. The highest seasonal variation was observed for currently used pesticides as α-endosulfan. A p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratio suggested recent inputs of fresh technical DDT. 相似文献
14.
Persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as DDT and its metabolites (DDDs and DDEs). chlordane, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor and endosulfan were determined in drinking-, ground-, surface- and marine waters from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Percentage recoveries of the OCPs from spiked river water ranged from 71.03 +/- 8.15% (dieldrin) to 101.25 +/- 2.17% (alpha-BHC). The levels of OCPs ranged from 5.5 ng/L (2,4-DDD) to 160 ng/L (HCB) in the water samples. Some endocrine disrupting OCPs such as DDT, DDE, heptachlor, endosulfan and chlordane were detected. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):101-114
Abstract Persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as DDT and its metabolites (DDDs and DDEs), chlordane, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor and endosulfan were determined in drinking-, ground-, surface- and marine waters from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Percentage recoveries of the OCPs from spiked river water ranged from 71.03 ± 8.15% (dieldrin) to 101.25 ± 2.17% (α-BHC). The levels of OCPs ranged from 5.5 ng/L (2,4-DDD) to 160 ng/L (HCB) in the water samples. Some endocrine disrupting OCPs such as DDT, DDE, heptachlor, endosulfan and chlordane were detected. 相似文献
16.
Tao Huang Qiang Guo Hui Tian Xiaoxuan Mao Zhongyuan Ding Gan Zhang Jun Li Jianmin Ma Hong Gao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6124-6135
Thirty-two topsoil samples were collected to analyze the residue levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in topsoil of arid and semiarid areas of northwest China in 2011. Results showed that DDTs were the dominant contaminants with a mean concentration of 12.52 ng/g. The spatial distribution characteristics indicated that α-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were mainly used in rural sites, whereas hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and endosulfan were detected mostly in urban areas. DDTs, heptachlor, and chlordane were found almost equally in both urban and rural areas. Source identification revealed that the current levels of HCHs in soils were attributable to the residues from their historical use and fresh usage of lindane (γ-HCH). DDTs were mainly from historical use and fresh usage of dicofol, and HCB was emitted from the chemical industry. It was also found that the current soil levels of heptachlor were mainly from its historical usage, endosulfan from fresh input, and chlordane from long-range atmospheric transport, respectively. The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment with a model was also conducted using USEPA standards for adults and children. Results indicated that health risk under nondietary exposure to OCPs decreased in the sequence of ΣDDT?>?ΣHCH?>?HCB?>?Σheptachlor?>?Σendosulfan?>?Σchlordane. According to the reference dose from the USEPA, the health risk under nondietary exposure to OCPs in the soil samples was at a relatively safe level. 相似文献
17.
Persistence,variance and toxic levels of organochlorine pesticides in fluvial sediments and the role of black carbon in their retention 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Musarrat Parween AL. Ramanathan P. S. Khillare N. J. Raju 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6525-6546
The present study assesses the persistence and variation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their regulation by total organic carbon (TOC) and black carbon (BC) in freshwater sediment. Sediment samples from the Yamuna River, a major tributary of the Ganges (one of the most populated and intensively used rivers in Asia), had high levels of Σ20OCPs (21.41 to 139.95 ng g?1). β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) was the most predominant component. ΣHCH and Σdichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) constituted ~86 % of Σ20OCPs. Isomer ratios indicated fresh usage of lindane, DDT and technical-grade HCH. Toxicological comparison with freshwater sediment quality guidelines showed γ-HCH and DDT at high levels of concern. β-HCH, α-HCH, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethane (DDD), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene and chlordane were above some of the guideline levels. TOC and BC had mean concentrations of 1.37?±?0.51 % and 0.46?±?0.23 mg g?1, respectively. BC constituted 1.25 to 10.56 % of TOC. We observed low to moderate correlations of BC with isomers of HCH, p,p′-DDT and methoxychlor while of TOC with Σ20OCPs, γ-HCH, endosulfan sulfate and methoxychlor. Principal component analysis enabled correlating and clustering of various OCPs, BC and TOC. OCP distribution was related with pH, electrical conductivity, soil moisture and finer fractions of sediment. OCPs with similarity in properties that determine their interactions with carbonaceous components of sediment clustered together. A number of factors may, thus, be involved in the regulation of interactive forces between BC and OCPs. BC in this study may be more important than TOC in the retention of some OCPs into fluvial sediments, thereby reducing their bioavailability. The finding is probably the first of its kind to report and emphasises the role of BC in the persistence of OCPs in fluvial sediments. 相似文献
18.
为利用微生物技术去除环境中的氯丹等有机氯农药污染提供依据,研究了4种Tween系列非离子表面活性剂对白腐菌Phlebia lindtneri GB1027降解有机氯农药氯丹及其中间代谢产物的强化效果。结果表明,表面活性剂对氯丹的增溶效果明显,在浓度为2.0 g/L的Tween20、Tween40、Tween60和Tween80溶液中,氯丹的溶解度与在水中的溶解度相比分别提高了16.25、18.21、20.36和20.89倍。低浓度(0.05 ~ 1.0 g/L)的表面活性剂对白腐菌在PDB培养基中的生长具有促进作用,而2.0 g/L的表面活性剂则会抑制菌株的生长。在0.05 ~ 1.0 g/L浓度范围内,各表面活性剂可促进白腐菌对氯丹及其代谢产物的降解效果,且降解率随着表面活性剂浓度的升高而增加。其中,白腐菌在添加了1.0 g/L的Tween80的体系中培养15 d后,对氯丹、氧化氯丹和环氧七氯的降解率分别比对照提高了30.2%、48.0%和34.3%。而当表面活性剂浓度升高至2.0 g/L时,由于菌株的生长受到抑制而导致对降解的促进作用不明显,甚至下降。 相似文献
19.
Phlebia acanthocystis TMIC34875是一株具有七氯降解能力的木材腐朽菌。为利用微生物技术去除环境中的七氯残留提供理论依据,研究了该菌株及其粗酶液对七氯的降解性能及其动力学特性。结果表明,菌株在七氯的初始浓度为50μmol/L时具有最大降解速率,为0.3031μmol/(L·h);而菌体接种量为15%时,降解速率达到最高,为0.2045μmol/(L·h)。降解酶定位研究表明,七氯的降解主要是胞内酶在起作用。七氯胞内酶降解的酶促反应最适温度是35℃,在30-40℃之间有较高的催化活性;最适pH值为5.0,在pH 4.5-6.0之间有较高的催化活性,最适条件下反应1 h后七氯的降解率为65%。胞内粗酶液降解七氯的米氏常数K m为5.42μmol/L,最大反应速率V max为4.55μmol/min。胞内酶处理体系的GC/MS图谱显示,主要降解产物为1-羟基六氯、1-羟基-2,3-环氧六氯和环氧七氯,表明胞内酶对七氯的初始代谢机理同菌株相似,均是通过环氧化和置换反应来完成的。 相似文献
20.
The Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method (QuEChERS) has been validated for the extraction of 15 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in completely different matrices of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The method employed a rapid, simple and cost-effective procedure. The spiking levels for the recovery experiments were 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 mg kg−1. Mean recoveries mostly ranged between 76.0% and 114.0% (96.0% on average), and relative standard deviations (RSD) were generally below 10% (4.72% on average). Based on these results, the methodology has been proven to be highly efficient and robust and thus suitable for monitoring the MRL compliance of a wide range of commodity. The contamination status of 15 OCPs on 80 different TCMs marketed in China, and a total of 400 samples were also performed using a previously validated method. 15 OCPs were benzene hexachloride (BHC, including α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC), hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, p, p′-DDE, p, p′-DDD, o, p′-DDT, p, p′-DDT, mirex, endrin, dieldrin. This study indicates that the proposed method is useful for analyzing OCPs in TCM. 相似文献