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以再生水为补水的景观水体水华爆发特征调查和药剂应急控藻效果评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用现场调查和实验室验证的方法,对以再生水为景观补水的水华优势藻进行了分析。2年的现场调查表明,再生水在条件适合时极易发生水华,且水华的优势藻以小球藻为主。在实验室针对小球藻和铜绿微囊藻进行了竞争生长实验研究,在再生水的氮磷浓度范围内小球藻生长快于铜绿微囊藻,这也验证了再生水作为景观水补水时小球藻是优势藻现场调查结论。针对水华爆发初期和水华爆发验证时2种条件,比较研究了4种以化学成分为主的抑藻药剂对以小球藻为水华特征藻的控藻效果。结果表明,这4种药剂对水华的控制均具有一定的效果,并且水华初期实施药剂抑藻,药剂投加少,且效果好。对4种药剂进行急性毒性实验,只有S2一种药剂在安全浓度时对水华爆发初期有抑藻效果。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2017,(2)
本实验以海河干流天津段水体为对象,对其中四种典型共存藻类(即铜绿微囊藻、小球藻、卵囊藻和席藻)在不同氮磷营养盐环境条件下的响应生长规律进行了过程表征及动力学研究。实验结果表明,N/P在10~40范围适宜藻类生长,N/P为10时藻类比增长率最大;氮浓度水平在2.0~15 mg·L~(-1)、磷浓度水平在0.2~1.5 mg·L~(-1)内,藻类比增长率随着氮磷浓度的升高而增大,当氮浓度为15 mg·L~(-1),磷浓度为1.5 mg·L~(-1)时达到最大,优势藻为卵囊藻;通过Monod藻类生长动力学分析得出,藻类最大比增长率为0.050 8,半饱和常数为0.157,表明目标河段水华暴发风险相对较低,且磷是藻生长限制性因子。 相似文献
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选取水华束丝藻与铜绿微囊藻作为典型水华蓝藻,探索水华蓝藻净化水体及合成生物柴油的潜力.采用氮磷浓度为NH4+-N 7.5 mg/L,PO43--P 1.0 mg/L的模拟污水,重点考察了在光照强度与温度不同的条件下2种微藻对氮磷的去除率,并利用尼罗红荧光染色法测定了微藻中的中性脂含量.结果表明,2种藻对PO43--P的去除率均较高,最高达到98%,对NH4+-N的去除率稍低,最高为52%.水华束丝藻及铜绿微囊藻均具有较强积累中性脂的能力,适宜的温度与光照条件有利于微藻对氮磷的去除及细胞中脂类的积累.2种藻均在光照强度为12 000 lx时中性脂含量更高.水华束丝藻在温度为18~22℃条件下,生长更优,氮磷净化效果较好,中性脂积累能力更强.而铜绿微囊藻在温度为22~26℃时表现更好. 相似文献
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自2003年6月三峡水库蓄水以来,库区支流富营养化和水华问题备受关注。对库区12条重点支流2010—2020年的水质、水华监测数据进行了统计分析,结果表明:12条重点支流均发生过典型水华,近几年水华发生次数减少;水华主要发生在3—9月,以蓝藻和硅藻水华为主。暴发水华的根本原因是水体营养盐充足。支流监测数据表明,水体均处于中营养状态及以上。适宜的温度、光照和缓慢的水动力条件则是暴发水华的重要原因。目前,开展营养盐削减是控制三峡库区重点支流库湾水华的根本途径;通过物理方法、化学方法和生物操控方法消除水华的应用尚且较少;而通过水库生态调度抑制水华为可行方法。 相似文献
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通过室内模拟实验,研究了在实验室条件下,以控制一定的温度、照度、pH值等条件,并设置氮磷比在10:1到25:1的范围内变化时,观测浮游藻类单独培养和浮游附着藻类混合培养时的生长竞争情况,为富营养化水体的水华控制提供一定的理论依据。另外,还探讨了以葡萄糖为外加碳源,对浮游藻类和附着藻类生长状况的影响。结果表明,在氮磷比为20:1时,浮游藻类单独培养和混合培养下的浓度差最高,其值为159×10^5 cells/L。随着氮浓度的增高,当温度越高时,附着藻类对浮游藻类的竞争优势越明显。同时浮游藻类比附着藻类更能适应较高的COD浓度。 相似文献
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淀山湖底泥氮磷营养盐释放及其影响因素研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过大量现场实测数据,对建立的淀山湖水生态系统模型进行率定和验证,并利用该模型对淀山湖底泥氮磷营养盐释放机制进行了系统研究,模拟了温度、流量、入流负荷等因素对底泥氮磷营养盐释放的影响。模拟结果显示:(1)该模型较好地模拟了底泥释放的动态变化;淀山湖底泥无机磷具有一定的释放特性,无机氮以底泥吸附为主,底泥磷酸盐、氨氮、硝酸盐氮释放通量分别为-40~18、-15~75、-38~-10mg/(m2·d)。(2)不同季节下温度对底泥氮磷营养盐的释放影响作用不同。(3)在氮磷营养盐释放较明显的夏秋季节,流量对氮磷营养盐释放影响较大。(4)削减入流负荷会加快底泥氮磷营养盐的释放,当入流负荷削减达到95%时,底泥中氮磷营养盐开始全面转向正释放状态。淀山湖外源污染得到控制以后,沉积物中营养物将对水体水质构成威胁。 相似文献
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光照条件对跑道池光生物反应器内蛋白核小球藻生长特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用多孔曝气管的曝气方式,以蠕动泵为藻液循环的动力,研究了气体流量、光照强度、光照周期等因素对跑道池光生物反应器内蛋白核小球藻生长与代谢特性的影响,并利用傅里叶红外光谱半定量法对不同光照条件下藻细胞内蛋白质、油脂以及多糖含量变化进行了分析。研究结果表明,适当的气体流量、光照强度和光照周期有利于跑道池内蛋白核小球藻细胞的生长和代谢。在本实验条件下,在最佳气体流量2 000 mL/min条件下,光照强度为3 500 μW/cm2,光照周期为16:8时最有利于蛋白核小球藻的生长;光照强度为2 000 μW/cm2和光照周期为16:8的条件均有利于藻细胞内油脂的积累。 相似文献
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不同氮磷比对多年生水生植物生长特性影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从氮、磷等植物生长的环境因子出发,研究了高低氮磷营养水平下,不同氮/磷比例的富营养化水体对聚草(Myriophyllum spicatum)、黄花水龙(Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)生长特性的影响。结果表明,聚草在氮磷比2:1时生物量最大,且生物量在高浓度水平处理明显大于低浓度水平处理(P〈0.01);黄花水龙在氮磷比10:1~20:1时生物量最大,高低浓度水平处理问生物量无显著性差异;喜旱莲子草在较高氮磷比20:l~40:1时生物量最大,高浓度水平处理时生物量显著性高于低浓度水平处理(P〈0.05)。在低浓度水平处理时,氮为黄花水龙和喜旱莲子草生长的主要限制因子,磷为聚草生长的主要限制因子,且喜早莲子草叶绿素增长期较其他处理提前,而黄花水龙的叶绿素变化在高低营养水平下差异不显著。营养盐水平对聚草茎长和生物量的影响较对黄花水龙和喜旱莲子草的影响明显。 相似文献
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针对再生水回用于景观水体生长的主要藻类普通小球藻,进行了药剂抑制实验。通过实验研究发现,在小球藻生长的对数期分别投入不同剂量的2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯(EMA)、大麦秸萃取液(BSE)和异噻唑啉酮3种抑藻药剂后,小球藻的生长受到不同程度的抑制。其中,EMA对藻类的抑制效果甚微,最大抑藻率仅为31%,且对小球藻的生长有低促高抑的作用。BSE对小球藻有明显的抑制作用,且药效期长、不复发;当投加浓度为1 mg/L,能起到抑制藻类生长的作用;当投加浓度为10 mg/L,能起到杀灭水体藻类的作用。异噻唑啉酮可有效抑制小球藻生长,5 mg/L的投加浓度就能起到杀灭水体藻类的作用,且药效期长、不复发。 相似文献
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将莆田市东圳水库垂向划分为表层、中层、和深层,研究其藻类群落的分布特征及其受环境因子影响的演变规律,进而明晰“水华”爆发机制。结果表明,水库中共检出浮游藻类7门39属,群落结构主要以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻和隐藻为主,在不同季节沿水库垂向分布呈现显著差异性。表层和中层水体中优势藻类为绿藻门和蓝藻门,受水温、光照、DO和TN影响;深层水体优势藻类为硅藻和隐藻,主要受水温和TN影响。对水库中营养盐分析结果表明,东圳水库N/P平均值达到32.4,呈典型磷限制性特征,水库氮污染主要来自农业面源输入和内源释放。底泥中氮类物质易于在夏季分层期发生释放,并与DO结合发生形态转化后输入至上层水体,由此导致“水华”现象的发生。针对东圳水库水华防范与治理,需严格防控点源和农业面源污染,并建设水力扰动设施以及增设原位修复装置等措施,全方位防控水华现象的发生。本研究通过分析东圳水库藻类功能组时空演替,有助于确定东圳水库藻类爆发机制,可为水库藻类治理、水环境生态保护提供参考。 相似文献
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太湖北部藻类生长旺盛期大气氮、磷沉降特征 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
按照<大气降水样品的采集与保存标准>(GB/T 153580.2-92)收集大气N、P沉降物和降水量,并测定了2007年5~11月太湖北部梅梁湾藻类生长旺盛期间大气TN、TP的干、湿沉降通量.结果表明,太湖北部梅粱湾大气TN月湿沉降通量和月总沉降通量的变化趋势均呈双峰型特征,与当地梅雨和台风侵袭时的降水量呈明显正相关,并且TN的月湿沉降通量高于月干沉降适量,但降水量最少的11月则相反;大气TP月干、月湿沉降通量呈相互交替的变化趋势.大气N沉降物中主要以溶解性氮(TDN)为主,平均约占91.4%;而P沉降物中溶解性磷(TDP)占的比例相对较低,平均约为65.1%.经测定,2007年太湖北部梅梁湾TN和TP的年沉降通量分别为2 976、84.0 kg/km2,相比2002年7月至2003年6月分别下降34.4%和78.7%;2007年太湖北部梅粱湾大气TN的年沉降量高达6 958 t,远超过太湖湖泊生态系统理论允许的TN年沉降量. 相似文献
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In this paper, the semi-enclosed bay named Tolo Harbour and Channel in Hong Kong, which was frequently attacked by red tides, was used as a case study. Data sets related to marine water quality, river nutrients, and meteorological conditions recorded between 1988 and 1999 were chosen for statistical analysis. A multivariate analysis showed that algal growth, represented by the chlorophyll a concentration, had obvious spatial and temporal variations in the study area. The chlorophyll a concentration had a consistently decreasing trend from the inner part of the Harbour and surface waters to the outer part and bottom waters. The temporal variations had a markedly seasonal variation with high bioproductivity in spring and winter. There were long-term fluctuations in the chlorophyll a concentration with a high-low-high pattern in the study period. Nutrients and hydrological and meteorological conditions were important factors of algal bloom. Besides nitrogen, which was the most critical factor of algal bloom for the whole water body, total phosphorus in the surface waters and phosphate (PO4) and silica (SiO2) in the bottom waters also showed strongly positive or negative correlations with the chlorophyll a level. For the meteorological conditions, global solar radiation was the key factor of massive algal bloom in the study period, while rainfall and wind direction were the most important factors of seasonal variation. 相似文献
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Mengyuan Zhu Guangwei Zhu Linlin Zhao Xin Yao Yunlin Zhang Guang Gao Boqiang Qin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1803-1811
Algal bloom could drastically influence the nutrient cycling in lakes. To understand how the internal nutrient release responds to algal bloom decay, water and sediment columns were sampled at 22 sites from four distinct regions of China’s eutrophic Lake Taihu and incubated in the laboratory to examine the influence of massive algal bloom decay on nutrient release from sediment. The column experiment involved three treatments: (1) water and sediment (WS); (2) water and algal bloom (WA); and (3) water, sediment, and algal bloom (WSA). Concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium (NH 4 + -N), and orthophosphate (PO 4 3? -P) were recorded during incubation. The decay of algal material caused a more rapid decrease in DO than in the algae-free controls and led to significant increases in NH 4 + -N and PO 4 3? -P in the water. The presence of algae during the incubation had a regionally variable effect on sediment nutrient profiles. In the absence of decaying algae (treatment WS), sediment nutrient concentrations decreased during the incubation. In the presence of blooms (WSA), sediments from the river mouth released P to the overlying water, while sediments from other regions absorbed surplus P from the water. This experiment showed that large-scale algal decay will dramatically affect nutrient cycling at the sediment–water interface and would potentially transfer the function of sediment as “container” or “supplier” in Taihu, although oxygen exchange with atmosphere in lake water was stronger than in columns. The magnitude of the effect depends on the physical–chemical character of the sediments. 相似文献
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The effects of manure-application mode, rate to soil, and rainfall characteristics on the quality of agricultural runoff water have been assessed by means of the algal-growth-potential test (AGPT) and chemical analyses. This study used two modes of manure application (i.e. surface mode and incorporation mode), three manure-application rates (0, 150, 300 kg N ha(-1)), and two rainfall intensities and times (i.e. 11 mm h(-1) for 142 min and 22 mm h(-1) for 71 min). The effects of the dilution of runoff water on algal growth were also examined. The algal yields obtained with runoff from soil with the incorporated manure mode are similar to those from soil without manure application and are lower than those with the surface mode of manure application. A higher manure-application rate increases the load of nutrients in the runoff and subsequently the algal yield. The dilution of runoff water can stimulate or limit the algal growth, depending on the concentration of toxicants, N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) from runoff and in the aquatic diluting medium. A lower rainfall intensity plus a longer rainfall time increases algal productivity. This study showed that N is the limiting factor to algal growth at low dilution but that, at high dilution or with the incorporation mode of manure application, P becomes the limiting factor to algal growth. 相似文献
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针对中国南方某城市A、B和C 3座重要城市地表供水和原水调蓄水库藻类周期性暴发的问题,以水体营养盐总氮浓度、总磷浓度、水流速度和藻类初始浓度作为环境因子,以chl-a的比增长率作为评价指标,开展微宇宙环境模拟藻类生长的L9(34)正交实验,研究了环境因子对该梯级水库群中藻类生长的影响。结果表明,在实验所设定的水平范围内,藻类初始浓度对藻类生长的影响显著。当总氮为6 mg/L,总磷为0.25 mg/L,流速为0 m/s,藻类初始浓度为21.65μg/L时,最利于南方典型梯级水库群中的藻类生长。4个因素对藻类生长的影响大小依次为:藻类初始浓度、总氮浓度、水流速度、总磷浓度。不同实验条件下微宇宙中的优势藻种类不同。 相似文献
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Andreas Holbach Lijing Wang Hao Chen Wei Hu Nina Schleicher Binghui Zheng Stefan Norra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7027-7037
Increasing eutrophication and algal bloom events in the Yangtze River Three Gorges Reservoir, China, are widely discussed with regard to changed hydrodynamics and nutrient transport and distribution processes. Insights into water exchange and interaction processes between water masses related to large-scale water level fluctuations in the reservoir are crucial to understand water quality and eutrophication dynamics. Therefore, confluence zones of tributaries with the Yangtze River main stream are dedicated key interfaces. In this study, water quality data were recorded in situ and on-line in varying depths with the MINIBAT towed underwater multi-sensor system in the confluence zone of the Daning River and the Yangtze River close to Wushan City during 1 week in August 2011. Geostatistical evaluation of the water quality data was performed, and results were compared to phosphorus contents of selective water samples. The strongly rising water level throughout the measurement period caused Yangtze River water masses to flow upstream into the tributary and supply their higher nutrient and particulate loads into the tributary water body. Rapid algal growth and sedimentation occurred immediately when hydrodynamic conditions in the confluence zone became more serene again. Consequently, water from the Yangtze River main stream can play a key role in providing nutrients to the algal bloom stricken water bodies of its tributaries. 相似文献