共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
George F. Antonious 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(5):309-315
The main objective of this investigation was to monitor concentrations of seven metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Mo, Cu, Zn, and Cr) in the fruits, leaves, stem, and roots of Capsicum annuum L. (cv. Xcatic) plants grown under four soil management practices: yard waste (YW), sewage sludge (SS), chicken manure (CM), and no-much (NM) bare soil. Elemental analyses were conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Pb and Cd concentrations in soil amended with YW, SS, and CM were not significantly different (P < 0.05) compared to NM soil, whereas Mo and Cu concentrations were significantly greater in YW compared to SS, CM, and NM treatments. Concentrations of Cd in the fruits of plants grown in NM soil were greater compared to the fruits of plants grown in other treatments. Total Ni concentration (sum of Ni in all plant parts) in plants grown in NM bare soil was greater than in plants grown in SS-, YW-, and CM-amended soils. Values of the bioaccumulation factor indicated that pepper fruits of plants grown in YW, SS, and CM did not show any tendency to accumulate Pb, Cr, and Ni in their edible fruits. 相似文献
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George F. Antonious Eric T. Turley Regina R. Hill 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):361-365
Composting and land application of municipal sewage sludge (SS) and yard waste (YW) compost are increasingly popular ways for using organic waste as a source of organic matter, while decreasing the amount of waste being diverted into landfills. Researchers have largely ignored the effect of SS and SS mixed with YW (SS+YW) compost on the antioxidant contents of vegetables grown under this practice. Accordingly, the main objective of this investigation was to monitor the impact of SS and SS+YW on the nutritional composition of pepper and melon fruits at harvest. Total phenols and ascorbic acid contents of pepper and melons (determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau and the dichlorophenol–indophenol methods, respectively) were greater in pepper than melon fruits. Soil amended with SS or SS+YW significantly elevated the concentrations of ascorbic acid and total phenols in melon fruits compared to no-mulch native soil. The application of SS did not modify the concentration of β-carotene in melon fruits at three harvests. Regardless of soil treatments, ascorbic acid and total phenols concentrations were greater in melon fruits collected at the first harvest compared to harvest three. Pepper fruits collected at harvest three contained the greatest concentrations of ascorbic acid and total phenols; whereas, pepper fruits collected at the second harvest contained the greatest concentrations of soluble sugars. 相似文献
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养殖固体废物掺杂磷肥工艺中养殖固体废物与酸的反应直接影响其有机组成。以鸡粪为研究对象,采用L16(45)正交试验研究了鸡粪粒径、酸浓度、鸡粪与酸溶液质量比、反应温度和反应时间对鸡粪在硝酸和磷酸溶液中水解过程的影响。结果表明,硝酸溶液中影响因素显著性依次为鸡粪与硝酸质量比、反应时间、硝酸浓度、鸡粪粒径、反应温度,最优工艺条件为鸡粪粒径0.20mm、硝酸质量分数15%、鸡粪与硝酸质量比0.2∶1.0、反应温度95℃、反应时间4h;在磷酸溶液中影响因素显著性依次为鸡粪与磷酸质量比、反应温度、鸡粪粒径、磷酸浓度、反应时间,鸡粪水解率与反应温度间呈正相关关系,最优工艺条件为鸡粪粒径0.40mm、磷酸质量分数60%、鸡粪与磷酸质量比0.1∶1.0、反应温度95℃、反应时间8h。鸡粪比表面积及其单位质量耗酸量、美拉德反应是制约鸡粪在硝酸和磷酸中水解反应的内因。研究结果为养殖固体废物掺杂有机磷肥的研发和推广提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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George F. Antonious Lauren Lobel Tejinder Kochhar Terry Berke Robert L. Jarret 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):621-626
The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate fruits of C. chinense accessions for their concentration of β -carotene, ascorbic acid, and phenols for use as parents in breeding for these phytochemicals. Mature fruits of 63 accessions of C. chinense originally acquired from Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, and the United States were analyzed for their chemical composition. Fruits of C. chinense accessions PI-152452 (Brazil) and PI-360726 (Ecuador) contained the greatest concentrations of ascorbic acid (1.2 and 1.1 mg g?1 fresh fruit, respectively), while PI-438648 (Mexico) contained the greatest concentration of total phenols content (349 μ g g?1 fresh fruit) among the other 63 accessions tested. Accession PI-355817 from Ecuador contained the greatest concentrations of β -carotene (8 mg g?1fresh fruit). These accessions were identified as potential candidates for mass production of antioxidants with health-promoting properties. 相似文献
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George F. Antonious 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):769-774
Peppers, a significant component of the human diet in many regions of the world, provide vitamins A (β-carotene) and C, and are also a source of many other antioxidants such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and phenols. Enhancing the concentration of antioxidants in plants grown in soil amended with recycled waste has not been completely investigated. Changes in pepper antioxidant content in relation to soil amendments and fruit development were investigated. The main objectives of this investigation were to: (i) quantify concentrations of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, phenols, and soluble sugars in the fruits of Capsicum annuum L. (cv. Xcatic) grown under four soil management practices: yard waste (YW), sewage sludge (SS), chicken manure (CM), and no-much (NM) bare soil and (ii) monitor antioxidant concentrations in fruits of plants grown under these practices and during fruit ripening from green into red mature fruits. Total marketable pepper yield was increased by 34% and 15% in SS and CM treatments, respectively, compared to NM bare soil; whereas, the number of culls (fruits that fail to meet the requirements of foregoing grades) was lower in YW compared to SS and CM treatments. Regardless of fruit color, pepper fruits from YW amended soil contained the greatest concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. When different colored pepper fruits (green, yellow, orange, and red) were analyzed, orange and red contained the greatest β-carotene and sugar contents; whereas, green fruits contained the greatest concentrations of total phenols and ascorbic acid. 相似文献
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以猪粪、牛粪和鸡粪3种畜禽粪便为原料制备水热炭,研究了温度对畜禽粪便水热炭产率及其特性的影响,着重分析了不同温度(140~220 ℃)下水热炭的产率、元素组成、碳保留量、官能团及重金属含量的变化。结果表明:畜禽粪便水热炭产率为48.8%~74.2%,且随着温度的升高其产率逐渐降低;此外,49.6%~82.1%的碳被保留在水热炭中,低温利于碳的保留。水热炭的H/C随着温度的升高而逐渐降低,但—OH峰逐渐减弱。畜禽粪便经过水热炭化后,其重金属含量均有不同程度的增加,其中Cu、Zn和Cd的含量超标。重金属元素的相对富集系数<1,由此可见,重金属除了部分保留在水热炭中外,还有部分重金属进入到热解液态产物中。 相似文献
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探讨了柠檬酸对污泥中重金属形态的影响,并以柠檬酸为络合剂、以杭州七格污水处理厂城市污泥为研究对象,在0.8 mA·cm-2恒定电流密度条件下运行120 h,在5组柠檬酸浓度分别为 0.00、0.05、0.10、0.20和0.30 mol·L-1的条件下,采用自行设计的双层双阳极反应器对污泥中重金属进行电动去除和回收实验。结果显示,柠檬酸能促使污泥中大量的Zn由可还原态转化为酸可提取态,但对Cu的形态影响不大。电动处理实验中,添加柠檬酸后Zn和Cu的去除率都有明显提高,当柠檬酸浓度为0.20 mol·L-1时,Zn的去除率最大达58.3%,Cu的去除率为42.4%;当柠檬酸浓度为0.10 mol·L-1时,Cu的去除率最大为51.7%,Zn的去除率为46.4%。柠檬酸的最佳添加浓度为0.10~0.20 mol·L-1,当柠檬酸添加量超过0.20 mol·L-1,Zn和Cu的去除率反而会因为络合物在阳极区的沉淀而降低。 相似文献
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对天津凌庄自来水厂的给水厂污泥和天津东郊污水处理厂的污水厂污泥的成分进行了分析,在此基础上根据焙烧陶粒的原理,设计了以2种污泥为原料焙烧陶粒的工艺流程。通过实验,研究了其工艺过程中的影响因素并确定了工艺参数。性能检验结果表明,添加量为30%的混合污泥陶粒,在1 140℃焙烧5 min,可得到强度标号为40 MPa的高强陶粒。因此,以2种污泥为原料烧制陶粒的处置方法可行,并能带来一定的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。得到的产品符合国标中高强陶粒的要求,可广泛应用于建筑行业中的承重结构。 相似文献
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以绍兴污水处理厂脱水污泥为研究对象,通过实验分析了污泥进行干化焚烧处理的可行性。对污泥泥质进行分析,采用桨叶式污泥干化机对污泥的热干化特性、干化过程污染排放特性进行研究,使用流化床污泥焚烧试验装置对污泥焚烧工况及焚烧过程中污染物的排放特征进行研究,结果表明,绍兴污水处理厂脱水污泥的泥质特征与大多数污水污泥类似,灰分较高、发热量较低,需干化后才可实现稳定燃烧;污泥在小型桨叶式污泥干化机内的干化速率最高达到0.6kg/(m2·min),并随污泥干化的进行而逐渐降低;干化过程产生的常规污染气体中氨气浓度最高,可达170 mg/Nm3;污泥干化冷凝水的COD高达820 mg/L,氨氮等指标也很高。污泥干化系统的设计需充分考虑污泥热干化过程中气体和液体污染物的排放,设置相应的处理设施。污泥干化至含水率30%时,可在不投加辅助燃料的情况下实现流化床焚烧炉内的焚烧处理,干化污泥焚烧时需关注烟气中常规污染气体和重金属的控制,焚烧灰渣浸出毒性未超过国标限值。 相似文献
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通过实验考察了直接利用城市污泥及其焚烧灰作为原料,采用2步烧结法工艺,烧结制取陶粒的可行性,并分析了工艺条件和物料配比对陶粒产品的吸水率和密度等性能指标的影响。实验结果表明,在不添加其他任何添加剂的情况下,城市污泥及其焚烧灰可以直接用于烧结制取陶粒。在物料配比为(1:1~2:1)和烧制条件(900~1 050 ℃)下焙烧5~20 min,可以获取不同性能的陶粒产品(吸水率为45.32%~4.11%、密度为1.67~0.84 g/cm3)。物相分析进一步表明,1 050 ℃是污泥灰物相发生变化的主反应温度。这为实现采用一种原料源(污泥及其污泥灰渣)制备陶粒的资源化利用方式提供了尝试。 相似文献
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选取典型的生活污水污泥和造纸污泥进行干燥特性分析,对比了干燥过程中的水分析出特性、污泥球体中心温度变化和物理性质变化。结果表明,无论是生活污水污泥还是造纸污泥,在干燥过程中等速干燥阶段都不明显,而造纸污泥更快达到最大干燥速率,更快进入降速干燥阶段;造纸污泥球的中心温度在高温(250℃)干燥条件下还存在超温的现象,即污泥球中心温度在某段时间内高于干燥温度,形成了蓄热内核;干燥过程中,造纸污泥水分的析出是依靠层层传递,污泥球结构稳定收缩,缩容率相对较小,最终收缩成一硬核;生活污水污泥在干燥中缩容率相对较大,水分析出伴随着外壳的破裂,内层与外界可直接进行热传递交换,干燥后结团性能差,疏散度高,不易定型。 相似文献
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Sjöström AE Collins CD Smith SR Shaw G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1284-1289
Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) are surfactants found ubiquitously in the environment due to widespread industrial and domestic use. Biodegradation of NPEOs produces nonylphenol (NP), an endocrine disruptor. Sewage sludge application introduces NPEOs and NP into soils, potentially leading to accumulation in soils and crops. We examined degradation of NP and nonylphenol-12-ethoxylate (NP12EO) in four soils. NP12EO degraded rapidly (initial half time 0.3-5 days). Concentrations became undetectable within 70-90 days, with a small increase in NP concentrations after 30 days. NP initially degraded quickly (mean half time 11.5 days), but in three soils a recalcitrant fraction of 26-35% remained: the non-degrading fraction may consist of branched isomers, resistant to biodegradation. Uptake of NP by bean plants was also examined. Mean bioconcentration factors for shoots and seeds were 0.71 and 0.58, respectively. Removal of NP from the soil by plant uptake was negligible (0.01-0.02% of initial NP). Root concentrations were substantially higher than shoot and seed concentrations. 相似文献
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污泥干化芦苇床是将人工湿地和污泥干化床进行有机结合,形成的一种新型污泥处理系统。系统运行时,周期性地将污泥布向湿地表面,水经填料层向下渗滤,并经由底部排水管流出;污泥中的固体物质被截留在填料层上面,通过蒸发蒸腾作用进一步脱水。通过系统地考察不同有机质含量剩余污泥在污泥干化芦苇床中的稳定化效果,总结并对比分析了污泥干化芦苇床对不同原泥的矿化程度、氮磷等营养物质的去除、微污染有机物的降解以及温室气体排放等。经过2年的布泥期和1年的稳定期,污泥有机质得到有效处理,高、低有机质含量污泥的稳定化程度分别达到54.50%和58.20%,满足GB 18918-2002中稳定化污泥标准的要求,同时高于GB 8712-1987(>10%)的城镇垃圾农用控制标准要求。污泥氮磷含量仍然处于较高水平,可作为植物性营养元素;其中高、低有机质含量污泥中氮的含量分别从7.10%降到3.10%和从2.52%降到0.98%。微污染有机物如多环芳烃得到有效去除,高、低有机质含量污泥中多环芳烃分别去除了67.28%和32.64%,其中湿地植物芦苇起到了积极作用;监测结果表明,污泥干化芦苇床会释放一定量的温室气体,其中CO2释放量为16.5~65.2 g·(m2·d)-1,CH4释放量为0.43~1.95 g·(m2·d)-1,用CO2来衡量CH4的全球变暖趋势,污泥干化芦苇床CO2释放量为15.02 g·(m2·d)-1。 相似文献
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采用旋转管式加热炉实验台在惰性条件下对城市污泥进行了热解实验,系统研究了不同热解温度对气态产物和固态产物成分的影响。结果表明:污泥经热解后的产物在600℃时,比表面积最大值为158.02 m2/g,孔容最高为109.58 mm3/g。随着热解温度的升高,气态产物和液态产物的产率增加,而固态产物则减少。在热解温度450~750℃,热解产物中的固态产物产率由53.65%降至31.69%;气体产率从11.23%升至24.74%,其中H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6和C2H2占总气体的75%以上,H2含量随着热解温度的升高而升高。热解气中小分子碳氢化合物含量较高,600℃时热解气体中含氢气体主要包括:H2、CH4、C2H4、C3H8、正丁烷(C4H10)及C2H6等,其中H2和CH4含量分别为27.98%和23.63%。CH4、C3H8、C4H10等气体的含量随着热解温度的升高呈现先增后减趋势,且在600℃达到最大值,C2H2、C2H6在450℃时其浓度最高。随着热解温度的升高,N、C和H 3种元素在热解固态产物中的质量分数呈明显下降的趋势。 相似文献
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对广西城镇污水处理厂污泥进行元素分析、组分分析、工业分析和热重分析,探讨污泥掺烧应用特性,为广西的污泥资源化利用提供数据。结果表明,污泥的元素组成与煤差别较大,如污泥中的氮元素含量为4.627%,高于煤的1.628%;污泥焚烧灰含有高达15%的SiO2;污泥的挥发分为34.6377%比煤的25.089%略高;污泥的焚烧可分为3个阶段,分别为水分析出阶段(室温~160℃)、挥发分析出燃烧阶段(160~500℃)、固定碳及剩余可燃物燃烧阶段(510~950℃),升温速率升高,挥发分析出阶段提前了约50℃,粒径对析出温度影响不大,但粒径小更利于干污泥燃烧。因此,广西污泥是一种低热值,燃烧剧烈的燃料,可以用于掺烧,焚烧灰分具有较高的建材价值。 相似文献
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以城市污水处理厂二沉池排出的剩余污泥为原料,采用不同活化方法制备活性炭,同时对比活化效果,研究了制备工艺条件对污泥活性炭吸附性能及产率的影响。结合比表面积、孔径分布和扫描电镜表征分析,对制备的污泥活性炭的性能进行评价,并探讨了污泥活性炭作为水处理吸附剂的去除效果。结果表明,以ZnCl2为活化剂制备的活性炭性能较好,其最佳制备条件为:活化温度550℃,活化时间45 min,ZnCl2浓度40%,固液比1∶2。制得的污泥活性炭的碘吸附值为496 mg/g,产率为51.8%,比表面积为301.4 m2/g,孔体积为0.37 mL/g,微孔体积为0.08 mL/g,平均孔径为5.78 nm。将该产品用于处理城市污水,投加量为0.8%,吸附平衡时间约为60 min时,对COD的去除率为81%,吸附容量为42.53 mg/g。 相似文献
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以上海某养鸡场产生的粪便为研究对象,探讨抗生素杆菌肽锌(ZnBc)对鸡粪厌氧水解酸化的影响。结果表明:(1)相比于发酵前的pH,发酵后的pH变化幅度不大,在6.65~7.40变化。(2)氨氮和ZnBc浓度对数(lgc)呈负线性相关,经拟合方程测算出ZnBc对氨氮的半抑制常数(IC50)为15.23mg/L。当ZnBc>5 105mg/L时,氨氮的产生完全受抑制。添加ZnBc对发酵液氨氮的影响极显著。(3)溶解磷(SP)和lgc满足Boltzman方程。添加ZnBc对发酵液SP的影响极显著。(4)ZnBc不仅影响挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)浓度,还影响VFAs组分。(5)添加ZnBc对发酵液总有机碳(TOC)有极显著影响。(6)相比原鸡粪,发酵后固体有机N、C、H均下降,并分别在ZnBc为0.10、0.01、0.01mg/L时达到最低值,说明鸡粪在厌氧水解酸化过程中固体有机组分向液体转移。 相似文献
20.
不同堆肥方式对鸡粪与秸秆混合堆肥效果 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以鸡粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原材料,进行了露天堆肥和反应器堆肥对比实验。结果表明,反应器堆肥(堆体P2)较露天堆肥(堆体P1)升温快,堆体P2达到了《粪便无害化卫生标准(GB7959—87)》的要求,堆体P1未达到;在整个堆肥过程中,堆体P1的水分总损失量(26.5%)大于堆体P2的水分总损失量(20.6%);堆体P1和P2的有机质降解主要发生在堆肥前期0~21d,分别完成了81.4%和84.5%的有机质降解量;堆体P1和P2的C/N比在堆肥过程中均呈下降趋势,最终C/N比分别为18.3和14.8;种子发芽指数GI_P1〈GI_P2,表明采用堆体P2的堆肥产品的植物毒性较堆体P1更小。各指标实测数据表明,反应器堆肥的堆肥产品的稳定性和腐熟程度较露天堆肥更好。 相似文献