致突变的致癌剂和非致癌剂在引发DNA股间交联上的显著差别

借碱洗脱法证明：具有致突变能力的致癌剂1,2－二溴乙烷和肼在经过代谢活化后,均剂理相关地引起L1210细胞中DNA的股间交联。相反,动物致癌试验表现阴性的突变剂溴乙烷,以及通过各种致癌动物试验均显示阴性的传统常用致突变剂羟胺,在代谢活化以后的同样条件下均不能引起L1210细胞中DNA的股间交联。这证明了双区理论的致癌观点,即致癌剂必须是双官能烷化剂,其同时引起互补碱对的交联将引起癌变。相反,股内单一碱基的变异则可能引起致突变作用。并用APCI／SIM（大气压化学电离／选择离子质谱）证明：1,2－二溴乙烷与DNA碱基对的模型反应,与致突实验一致主要引起G－C对的交联和发生G－C→A－T突变。     

基于双区理论的N-亚硝基化合物结构致癌活性关系的模式辨认资料

借模式辨认,建立了N-亚硝基化合物(NNC)的结构致癌活性关系(SCAR)的双区理论模型,153个NNC的计算结果与实验事实的一致达97.4％。实验事实的模式辨认处理揭示: NNC致癌作用的关键步骤是DNA互补碱对的横向交联,其中亲电中心之一是熟知的α-位,而另一个中心则应是β-位或恰好相当于(?)-位的Υ-位。NNC的SCAR可根据结构与化学活性的关系,做出合理的阐释。本文报导了此模式辨认处理的数学方法、数值结果和数据集。     

酸性红37在UV/K2S2O8体系中的降解动力学和转化机制

为了探索单偶氮染料Acid red 37 (AR37)降解的可行性及在活性氧物种作用下可能的反应位点和迁移转化机制,采用光活化过硫酸盐技术并根据单因素试验和响应曲面法优化试验考察了底物浓度,K_2S_2O_8用量和温度3个因素对AR37降解率的影响,得出AR37光催化降解的最优条件为:底物浓度90μmol·L~(-1),K_2S_2O_8用量8.47 mmol·L~(-1)和温度36℃.最后,利用GCMS对AR37在UV/K_2S_2O_8体系下降解中间产物进行初步的分离与分析,并结合AR37前线电子云密度(FEDs)的理论计算结果对其降解途径进行推导.研究发现AR37在·SO_4~-等活性氧物种作用下,C2、N8、N16、C17和C18等活性位点容易被自由基直接攻击或者发生电子转移反应,从而引起AR37分子中N=N和C—N键断裂后的进一步羟基化反应,是其主要的降解途径.     

碳源补充型高级氧化法工艺净化水中磺胺类抗生素研究进展与趋势

磺胺类抗生素(SAs)是自然水环境和污水处理系统中检出频次与残留浓度最高的抗生素之一。过氧乙酸(PAA)作为广谱性杀菌剂,因其氧化性强、环境友好等优势,其用于有机污染物降解成为研究热点之一。与传统H2O2基芬顿法等无机氧化法相比,PAA氧化反应生成乙酸,经中和后转化的乙酸钠可为后续生化工艺段提供优质碳源,有效降低含SAs废水的处理成本。该文对PAA基碳源补充型高级氧化法的研究进展与趋势进行了系统总结。以SAs作为典型水环境污染物,对近年来PAA基碳源补充型高级氧化工艺进行了系统总结分析,比较分析了其对各类水质背景中SAs的去除效能,并对过渡金属、碳基材料等多种PAA活化方式,工艺运行参数、活性氧物种(ROS)的交联作用机理以及SAs降解机制进行了剖析。研究发现,乙酰氧基自由基和乙酰过氧基自由基为PAA基高级氧化工艺中的基础活性物质,pH、PAA含量、共存物质等会不同程度上影响体系中ROS的生成路径。此外,磺胺类抗生素主要包括五元磺胺和六元磺胺,二者降解机理存在一定差异。五元磺胺降解主要依靠苯胺环上氨基氧化、羟基取代、S–N/S–C键断裂、N中心自由基偶联反应等4种途径;六元磺胺降解过程...     

荷叶的抗氧化活性成分

荷叶为睡莲科植物莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)的干燥叶,是我国一种历史悠久的天然保健品.为阐明其抗氧化活性成分,采用正相、反相硅胶柱层析,凝胶柱层析和反相制备液相色谱等分离方法,从荷叶的甲醇提取物中分离得到18个化合物.通过波谱数据分别鉴定为荷叶碱(1),东莨菪内酯(2),黑麦草内酯(3),对甲氧基苯甲酸(4),(+)-梣皮树脂醇(5),阿魏酸(6),槲皮素(7),木犀草素(8),N-甲基阿西米诺宾(9),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(10),4-羟基苯甲酸(11),(3S,5R,6R,7E,9S)-megastigman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetraol(12),儿茶素(13),腺嘌呤(14),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15),异槲皮苷(16),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(17),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(18),其中化合物2、4、5、8、10、11、14为首次从荷叶中分离得到.对其中的17个化合物进行了ABTS和DPPH自由基清除测试,化合物5-8,10,13,15-18表现出较强的抗氧化活性.本研究结果可为荷叶抗氧化活性的合理开发利用提供一定的科学依据.     

聚磷氯化铁镁钛混凝剂的制备与表征

铁基混凝剂是重要的水处理剂之一,在混凝过程中扮演重要的作用,但其稳定性差,易发生自聚,形成沉淀、失去混凝效能.因此,制备一种稳定高效的铁基复合混凝剂受到广泛的研究.针对以上问题,本研究提出一种新型稳定的铁基复合混凝剂聚磷氯化铁镁钛(PFMTC)的制备方法.以氯化铁、四氯化钛、氯化镁、磷酸氢二钠为原料,单因素法确定PFMTC最优合成条件为:反应温度为50℃,n(Mg)/n(Fe)为1.0,n(Ti)/n(Fe+Mg)为0.5,n(OH)/n(Ti+Mg+Fe)为0.5,n(PO_4~(3-))/n(Fe)为0.3.Ferron逐时络合比色分光光度法分析PFMTC中Fe的形态;红外光谱、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜与能谱对PFMTC结构形貌、组成进行表征分析.Ferron逐时络合比色分光光度法研究显示,PFMTC的混凝性能的优劣受混凝剂多因素(温度、Mg、Ti、碱化度与PO_4~(3-))调控,从而影响混凝剂中Fea、Feb、Fec(Fea表示自由离子铁离子与铁的单核羟基络合物; Feb表示一系列铁的多核羟基络合物或称低聚合度铁的无机高分子; Fec表示铁的高聚物和铁的失稳溶胶或凝胶形态)三者含量的变化.表征分析显示,PFMTC是一种多羟基的铁镁钛聚合物,含有的新基团键(如Ti—P—Ti、Fe—P—Fe、Fe—O—Ti),其有助于延长PFMTC分子链提高其分子量; PFMTC结构单元呈现交联紧密的空间立体网状结构,有助于吸附架桥和网捕卷扫,增强PFMTC的混凝性能.     

PM_(2.5)和甲醛联合暴露致小鼠肺损伤及其分子机制的研究

我国城市当前普遍存在室外大气PM_(2.5)与室内甲醛(FA)联合污染状况,二者均被报道在单独暴露下可以导致肺损伤并诱导和诱发哮喘的急性发作,但其联合污染的具体效应,以及分子机制目前尚不清楚。为探究PM_(2.5)和/或甲醛暴露对小鼠的肺损伤及其可能的机制,分别将雄性Balb/c小鼠分为以下6组:对照组,AZD8055组,PM_(2.5)组,FA组,PM_(2.5)+FA组,PM_(2.5)+FA+AZD8055组。染毒结束后,观察肺组织病理学变化;检测肺组织氧化损伤,活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量,DNA损伤,DNA-蛋白质交联(DNA-protein crosslink,DPC)系数和8羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OH-d G)的含量,以及细胞凋亡、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的含量。结果表明,当吸入气态甲醛浓度为3 mg·m-3,气道滴注PM_(2.5)浓度为2.5 mg·m L-1时,肺组织出现不同程度的支气管重塑和炎症细胞浸润。ROS显著上升,GSH显著下降,DPC、8-OH-d G以及Caspase-3都显著上升。添加AZD8055后,肺组织损伤效应更加显著。PM_(2.5)复合甲醛的暴露导致小鼠肺损伤具有协同作用,氧化应激及其下游的DNA损伤可能是甲醛联合PM_(2.5)致小鼠肺损伤的一种重要机制。     

羟基取代和甲氧基取代多溴联苯醚的存在特征和源解析研究进展

近年来,多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的衍生物,羟基取代的PBDEs（OH-PBDEs）和甲氧基取代的PBDEs（MeO-PBDEs）作为新型的持久性有机污染物引起了国内外学者的关注。这两类物质在各种生物体内（藻类、鱼、贝类、海豹、海鸟及人体血液和乳汁等）和环境介质中（地表水、瀑布和雪）都被检出。OH-PBDEs对生物体具有多种毒性效应,包括干扰甲状腺荷尔蒙动态平衡,干扰氧化磷酸化作用,影响雌二醇合成,并能引起神经毒性效应。而研究表明,在生物体内MeO-PBDEs可通过去甲基化作用转化为OH-PBDEs,因此对生物体内高含量的MeO-PBDEs应予以更密切的关注。OH-PBDEs既有人为源（来自PBDEs生物代谢或自由基反应）又有天然源（在海洋环境中合成）,MeO-PBDEs主要来自天然源。在我国相关的研究刚刚起步。文章比较系统地总结了OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs在环境中存在特征、生物毒性、来源及二者相互关系的研究进展,以期为在我国相关研究的开展提供参考。对于开展关于OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs在特定区域存在特征和源解析的研究,建议重点考察物质的组成和含量与水温、盐度和富营养化程度等因素的关系,以及特定组分的季节性变化,从物质的存在形态和相关关系角度对OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs的来源进行解析。     

高级催化氧化法去除水中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究进展

普遍认为,邻苯二甲酸酯类物质（Phthalic Acid Esters,PAEs）是内分泌干扰物质（Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,EDCs）,被广泛应用于增塑剂、化妆品中,具有致畸性,致癌性,致突变性以及拟/抗雌激素活性、拟/抗甲状腺激素活性等内分泌干扰特性。邻苯二甲酸酯类物质很容易扩散到环境中,在土壤、大气、水环境中均有检出,是环境中常见污染物,严重威胁人体健康和生态环境,已经引起国内外的广泛关注。在综述邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的物理化学性质、毒性影响、国内外天然水体、地下水和生活污水中的污染现状的基础上,讨论消除水环境中PAEs污染的强化混凝、吸附、膜处理、生物处理和高级氧化技术。高级氧化技术因其能够快速有效地去除饮用水和污水中不同种类的有机污染物而备受关注,且发展迅速。重点介绍了高级催化氧化法对水环境中PAEs的去除,包括催化湿式过氧化物氧化过程,催化臭氧氧化过程,光催化氧化过程,超声波、微波辅助催化氧化过程以及高级纳米催化氧化过程。其中,Fenton催化氧化技术在氧化过程中通过使用催化剂或协同紫外光等方式产生高度反应性羟基自由基,可无选择性地将PAEs完全降解为无毒无害的小分子物质,对PAEs的氧化去除效果最好。虽然在高级氧化过程中应用催化剂可大大提高氧化效率和降解程度,但催化氧化法耗能较大、催化剂消耗量大、受水体pH值的影响,且研究大多限于实验室阶段,未能大量投入工业应用,需要进一步发展创新。因此,开发新型高效催化剂、提高催化剂选择性、优化催化氧化反应条件、优化设计催化反应器、与其他技术耦合是水体中PAEs类环境激素污染控制技术的发展方向。     

Rapid,recurring, structured survey versus bioblitz for generating biodiversity data and analysis with a multispecies abundance model

A bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat–occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.     

Compliance with and ecosystem function of biodiversity offsets in North American and European freshwaters

Land-use change via human development is a major driver of biodiversity loss. To reduce these impacts, billions of dollars are spent on biodiversity offsets. However, studies evaluating offset project effectiveness that examine components such as the overall compliance and function of projects remain rare. We reviewed 577 offsetting projects in freshwater ecosystems that included the metrics project size, type of aquatic system (e.g., wetland and creek), offsetting measure (e.g., enhancement, restoration, and creation), and an assessment of the projects’ compliance and functional success. Project information was obtained from scientific and government databases and gray literature. Despite considerable investment in offsetting projects, crucial problems persisted. Although compliance and function were related to each other, a high level of compliance did not guarantee a high degree of function. However, large projects relative to area had better function than small projects. Function improved when projects targeted productivity or specific ecosystem features and when multiple complementary management targets were in place. Restorative measures were more likely to achieve targets than creating entirely new ecosystems. Altogether the relationships we found highlight specific ecological processes that may help improve offsetting outcomes.     

A palaeo-hydrogeological model for arsenic contamination in southern and south-east Asia

An argument is presented in which areas of natural arsenic contamination of modern groundwaters throughout Asia have a common origin. Arsenic originally accumulated in oceanic ferro-manganoan sediments of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys. This was further concentrated through oceanic crustal extinction in what later became the south-east Chinese accreted mineralised terrain. Proto-Himalayan uplift of this area created the palaeo-drainage systems of the Ganges – Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Mekong, and Red Rivers, with consequent headwater erosion of arsenic-rich sediments. Their downstream deposition as immature and easily redistributed Neogene sandstones, silts, and iron-rich clays has created secondary and tertiary reservoirs of adsorbed and authigenic arsenic, from which the current arsenic-rich groundwaters have evolved. Considering river basins within the above palaeo-hydrogeological framework provides a basis for assessing the risk of arsenic in groundwater basins of south and south-eastern Asia.     

Cost‐effective conservation of an endangered frog under uncertainty

How should managers choose among conservation options when resources are scarce and there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of actions? Well‐developed tools exist for prioritizing areas for one‐time and binary actions (e.g., protect vs. not protect), but methods for prioritizing incremental or ongoing actions (such as habitat creation and maintenance) remain uncommon. We devised an approach that combines metapopulation viability and cost‐effectiveness analyses to select among alternative conservation actions while accounting for uncertainty. In our study, cost‐effectiveness is the ratio between the benefit of an action and its economic cost, where benefit is the change in metapopulation viability. We applied the approach to the case of the endangered growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis), which is threatened by urban development. We extended a Bayesian model to predict metapopulation viability under 9 urbanization and management scenarios and incorporated the full probability distribution of possible outcomes for each scenario into the cost‐effectiveness analysis. This allowed us to discern between cost‐effective alternatives that were robust to uncertainty and those with a relatively high risk of failure. We found a relatively high risk of extinction following urbanization if the only action was reservation of core habitat; habitat creation actions performed better than enhancement actions; and cost‐effectiveness ranking changed depending on the consideration of uncertainty. Our results suggest that creation and maintenance of wetlands dedicated to L. raniformis is the only cost‐effective action likely to result in a sufficiently low risk of extinction. To our knowledge we are the first study to use Bayesian metapopulation viability analysis to explicitly incorporate parametric and demographic uncertainty into a cost‐effective evaluation of conservation actions. The approach offers guidance to decision makers aiming to achieve cost‐effective conservation under uncertainty.     

Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Summary Undamaged plants emit low levels of green leaf volatiles (GLVs), while caterpillar-damaged and artificially damaged plants emit relatively higher levels of certain GLVs. Female braconid parasitoids,Microplitis croceipes, oriented to both damaged plants and to individual GLVs in no-choice tests in a wind tunnel, but seldom oriented to undamaged plants. Female ichneumonid parasitoids,Netelia heroica, also oriented to individual GLVs in a wind tunnel. Males of both wasp species failed to orient to the GLVs. These data show that leaf-feeding caterpillars can cause the release of GLVs, and that parasitic wasps can respond to these odors by flying upwind (chemoanemotactic response), which brings the wasps to their caterpillar hosts. This supports the hypothesis that plants communicate with members of the third trophic level,i.e., plants under herbivore attack emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies of herbivores to sites of plant damage. In this interaction, the GLVs serve as tritrophic plant-to-parasitoid synomones. That parasitoids from two different wasp families oriented to GLVs suggests that the response may be widespread among the Hymenoptera.Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture     

Potential for Electropositive Metal to Reduce the Interactions of Atlantic Sturgeon with Fishing Gear

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery‐associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Μv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31–43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter × 0.3 m deep tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5‐cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed. El Potencial del Metal Electropositivo para Reducir las Interacciones del Esturión Atlántico con Instrumentos de Pesca Bouyoucos, Bushnell & Brill 13–003     

The role of time and species identities in spatial patterns of species richness and conservation

Many conservation actions are justified on the basis of managing biodiversity. Biodiversity, in terms of species richness, is largely the product of rare species. This is problematic because the intensity of sampling needed to characterize communities and patterns of rarity or to justify the use of surrogates has biased sampling in favor of space over time. However, environmental fluctuations interacting with community dynamics lead to temporal variations in where and when species occur, potentially affecting conservation planning by generating uncertainty about results of species distribution modeling (including range determinations), selection of surrogates for biodiversity, and the proportion of biodiversity composed of rare species. To have confidence in the evidence base for conservation actions, one must consider whether temporal replication is necessary to produce broad inferences. Using approximately 20 years of macrofaunal data from tidal flats in 2 harbors, we explored variation in the identity of rare, common, restricted range, and widespread species over time and space. Over time, rare taxa were more likely to increase in abundance or occurrence than to remain rare or disappear and to exhibit temporal patterns in their occurrence. Space–time congruency in ranges (i.e., spatially widespread taxa were also temporally widespread) was observed only where samples were collected across an environmental gradient. Fifteen percent of the taxa in both harbors changed over time from having spatially restricted ranges to having widespread ranges. Our findings suggest that rare species can provide stability against environmental change, because the majority of species were not random transients, but that selection of biodiversity surrogates requires temporal validation. Rarity needs to be considered both spatially and temporally, as species that occur randomly over time are likely to play a different role in ecosystem functioning than those exhibiting temporal structure (e.g., seasonality). Moreover, temporal structure offers the opportunity to place management and conservation activities within windows of maximum opportunity.     

Main nutrient compounds in food bodies of Mexican <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia</Emphasis> ant-plants

Summary. Myrmecophytic plants use obligate ant mutualists as a constitutive indirect defence mechanism. These plants often produce cellular food bodies (FBs) to nourish their resident ants. Lipids, proteins, and even highly specialised compounds such as glycogen have been reported from FBs, but detailed chemical analyses of FB composition have so far been presented only for Southeast Asian Macaranga and Central American Piper myrmecophytes. Here we report the chemical composition of FBs of five myrmecophytic Acacia (Fabaceae) species from Mexico using HPLC (carbohydrates and proteins) and GC-MS (lipids). Feeding experiments revealed no hints on any use of external food sources by the inhabiting Pseudomyrmex ants. These ants obviously rely completely on FBs and extrafloral nectar provided by their hosts. The total content of nutrients in Acacia FBs was 15-25% of FB dry mass, being much lower than in Macaranga or Piper FBs. Proteins were dominating (8-14 % dm) in Acacia FBs and thus were present in higher amounts than in Macaranga FBs, yet in lower amounts than in Piper. Lipids contributed 1-9 % of dry mass, showing a lower proportion than in FBs of Macaranga or Piper. Carbohydrates made up 3-11 % dm, reaching in most Acacia species the same range as observed in Macaranga and in Piper FBs. Water content was 18-24 % of FB fresh mass, and structural tissue obviously made up a much higher proportion in Acacia FBs than in Macaranga or Piper FBs. Both characters might represent an adaptation to producing FBs unprotected at the leaf tips under dry conditions. Acacia FBs contain all amino acids and all fatty acids that are considered essential for insects, and their contents of lipids and proteins are higher than in the leaves from which they are ontogenetically derived. This indicates a putatively adaptive enrichment of nutritionally valuable compounds in structures functioning as ant-food.     

Examining the uncertain origin and management role of martens on Prince of Wales Island,Alaska

Conservation biologists are generally united in efforts to curtail the spread of non‐native species globally. However, the colonization history of a species is not always certain, and whether a species is considered non‐native or native depends on the conservation benchmark. Such ambiguities have led to inconsistent management. Within the Tongass National Forest of Alaska, the status of American marten (Martes americana) on the largest, most biologically diverse and deforested island, Prince of Wales (POW), is unclear. Ten martens were released to POW in the early 1930s, and it was generally believed to be the founding event, although this has been questioned. The uncertainty surrounding when and how martens colonized POW complicates management, especially because martens were selected as a design species for the Tongass. To explore the history of martens of POW we reviewed other plausible routes of colonization; genetically and isotopically analyzed putative marten fossils deposited in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene to verify marten occupancy of POW; and used contemporary genetic data from martens on POW and the mainland in coalescent simulations to identify the probable source of the present‐day marten population on POW. We found evidence for multiple routes of colonization by forest‐associated mammals beginning in the Holocene, which were likely used by American martens to naturally colonize POW. Although we cannot rule out human‐assisted movement of martens by Alaskan Natives or fur trappers, we suggest that martens be managed for persistence on POW. More generally, our findings illustrate the difficulty of labeling species as non‐native or native, even when genetic and paleo‐ecological data are available, and support the notion that community resilience or species invasiveness should be prioritized when making management decisions rather than more subjective and less certain conservation benchmarks.