河北环境工程学院秦皇岛市环境功能材料重点实验室

<正>河北环境工程学院秦皇岛市环境功能材料实验室成立于2016年,实验室研究团队由来自环境科学、环境工程、化学、材料学、环境微生物学等多学科交叉教师组成,定位于应用基础和高技术研究。环境功能材料实验室紧密结合我国环境污染问题的现状,瞄准微纳米多孔材料的吸附、分离、催化降解功能特性及其在生态环保和可持续发展战略中亟待解决的重大科学与工程问题,以无机材料为主体,开展微纳米结构材料的可控设计、制备及其吸附、催化降解相关的应用基础研究,开展了     

北京市住宅室内空气中TVOC污染现状分析

对北京市106户住宅的TVOC检测结果表明：装修后6个月内的房屋TVOC普遍超标且情况较为严重,但随着装修后时间的延长,TVOC浓度下降明显。同时,本文还对装修后有无家具和地面装修材料的室内TVOC浓度进行了对比,结果表明有家具的室内TVO浓度明显较高,而地面的装修材料对整个居室TVOC的浓度影响并不十分明显。     

多孔介质中铁的吸附特征及其运移规律的数值模拟研究

为掌握多孔介质中铁的吸附特征及其运移规律,采用室内静态吸附实验和数值模拟的方法,研究不同吸附模式下的铁在多孔介质中的运移规律。由室内静态吸附实验得到研究区浅层多孔介质对铁的吸附特征,通过相关性分析得到Langmuir等温吸附方程的相关系数最高,多孔介质对铁的吸附更符合Langmuir吸附模式。模拟计算铁在地下水中的浓度分布情况,得到不同吸附模式下的铁在地下水中的运移规律。此成果对研究多孔介质中铁的运移规律具有一定的参考价值及指导意义。     

野营房室内空气质量问题的初步探讨

文章通过对通用住宿野营房室内环境主要污染物的确定和测定值的分析,得出住宿野营房室内环境主要污染物甲醛、苯和总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)三项中,总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)浓度超标严重;在现有装饰装修材料水平状况下,使用前和使用中,要加强室内空气流通,降低室内环境污染物的浓度。     

应用高能辐照法制备新型高吸附聚丙烯功能纤维

文章通过高能辐照诱导接枝的方法,在聚丙烯（PP）纤维基体表面引入对苯乙烯磺酸钠（SS）单体,制备一种新型的高性能吸附材料,进而对油气田水环境中的微溶毒性有机物进行有效吸附。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和静态接触角（CA）对接枝改性前后聚丙烯纤维基体表面的形态结构及疏水性能进行了表征。实验结果证明：功能纤维的接枝率可以通过改变接枝条件得到有效控制。此外,文章还以丙烯酰胺为被吸附有机物考察了纤维改性前后的吸附性能。当改性聚丙烯纤维的接枝率为15．35％时,其对水中丙烯酰胺的去除率从原纤维的25．4％提高到87．4％,极大提高了对油气田水环境中的丙烯酰胺等有机物的处理能力。     

装饰装修住宅室内有机污染物调查及防治研究

通过对天津市装饰装修住宅室内甲醛、总挥发性有机化合物TVOC进行调查取样和检测,分析了该地区装饰装修住宅中有机污染物的污染特征,研究了家居装饰装修材料、人员主观感觉、气象条件、自然通风治理对室内甲醛、TVOC状况的影响。结果表明:天津市装饰装修住宅室内甲醛、TVOC的超标率分别为30.19%、28.28%;人员主观感觉室内甲醛疑似有和明显有时,其超标率已到42%以上;厨房人造板材平均承载量为0.61 m2/m3时,甲醛和TVOC超标率分别为42.86%、41.67%;天津市装饰装修住宅室内有机污染物具有季节性分布特征,甲醛在6月~8月期间内的超标率均在75%以上,TVOC污染物在1月、2月超标率均为100%、3月超标率达87%。     

浅谈汽车内饰材料挥发成雾性测试

汽车内饰材料中所含挥发性物质的释放是造成车内环境污染最直接的也是最主要的原因。对汽车内饰材料进行挥发性物质测试的重要方法之一就是挥发成雾性测试。本文中,笔者将对汽车内饰材料挥发成雾性测试的测试原理、测试设备、当前业界流行的主要测试方法和相关的标准作一些介绍。     

水体中硝酸盐污染治理材料研究进展

硝酸盐是我国水体中主要的污染物之一,其去除方法主要包括离子交换法、反渗透法、电化学法、吸附法、化学法、生物法等。其中因吸附法操作简便、设计简单,近年来各种吸附材料被广泛研究和应用;在化学法中,纳米材料因其体积小、表面积大、反应活性高,在水体中硝酸盐的处理中具有广泛的应用前景。介绍了吸附和纳米材料在水体中硝酸盐的去除中的研究现状,并对水体中的硝酸盐去除技术趋势做综述。     

用废木料制泡沫材料

用废木料制泡沫材料日本聚氨基甲酸酯公司、莲荷公司的纸板制造厂和京都大学联合开发了一种综合利用废木料的方法，即将液化后的木料与异氰酸盐反应可得到一种机械性能与多孔聚苯乙烯相似的泡沫材料。研制者们目前正在进行将该技术转化为商品化生产的工作，不久将建一座中...     

粉煤灰—膨润土颗粒吸附材料的制备及其处理含铅离子废水的研究

通过振荡吸附实验,研究了粉煤灰-膨润土颗粒吸附材料的制备方法及颗粒吸附材料在含铅离子废水中的吸附特性.结果表明,制备颗粒吸附剂的优化条件为:粉煤灰∶膨润土=5∶5(质量比),在600℃下焙烧2h.在温度25℃、pH值为5、Pb2+初始浓度为40mg/L、吸附剂用量为2g/L、吸附时间为1h条件下,吸附剂对废水中Pb2+的去除率可达95.27%.     

Characterization of total volatile organic compound emissions from paints

Recently, Homeswest in Western Australia and Murdoch University developed a project to construct low allergen houses (LAH) in a newly developed suburb. All potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emission materials used in LAH are required to be measured before the construction of LAH, to ensure they are low VOCs emission materials. To protect people sensitive to exposure to VOCs it is important to evaluate and select low VOCs emitting paints. In this paper, therefore, twelve different paints provided by local manufacturers were selected for analysis to characterize total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emissions. Emissions of TVOCs from six organic solvent-soluble paints and six water-soluble paints were evaluated using a small test chamber under controlled temperature, relative humidity and air exchange rates. The major volatile organic compounds in these paints were also identified. The time dependence of TVOC emissions from paint products in the chamber was evaluated. TVOC emissions from organic solvent-soluble and water-soluble paints were compared. The influence of air exchange rate on the TVOC concentrations emitted from organic solvent-soluble and water-soluble paints was also investigated. A double-exponential equation was used to evaluate emission characteristics of TVOC from paint products. With this double-exponential model, the physical processes of TVOC emissions can be explained. A variety of emission parameters can be calculated and used to estimate real indoor TVOCs concentrations.     

Determination of total volatile organic compound emissions from furniture polishes

In this study, an environmental test chamber with controlled temperature, relative humidity, and airflow rate was developed to evaluate emissions of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) from three different kinds of furniture polish. The time dependence of TVOC concentrations produced from the emissions of furniture polish products in the chamber was tested. TVOC emissions from each furniture polish were compared. The main volatile organic compounds emitted from each polish were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A double-exponential equation was developed to evaluate the characteristics of emissions of TVOCs from these furniture polish products. With this double-exponential model, the physical processes of TVOC emissions can be explained. A variety of emission parameters can be calculated. These emission parameters could be used to estimate real indoor TVOC concentrations.     

住宅装修室内环境污染状况调查

随着国家经济发展和人民生活水平、生活质量的不断提高,人们更加注重在住房装饰装修上的金钱投入以圆梦中家居。但是,由于现实生活环境的多方因素制约,伴随住宅装修过程形成的室内环境污染也给人们希望获得健康环保的高质量生活带来严重影响。通过对新装修住宅（客厅、主卧室、次卧室）进行室内环境污染检测,获得了非常有益的实测数据。通过统计分析该数据,发现新装修住宅室内空气中的甲醛、苯及TVOC存在普遍超标,且有的情况非常严重,应当引起人们的高度关注。为此建议：装修时要明确目的,树立环保理念,综合规划设计;注意材料质量优选控制污染源头,加强施工监督和检测验收;对污染超标住宅采取必要的治理措施,加强室内通风换气,室内空气质量检测达标后才居住使用,确保居室环境的健康环保。     

Cationic hydrogels for toxic arsenate removal from aqueous environment

Poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (p(APTMACl)) hydrogels were synthesized and utilized as absorbents for the removal of toxic arsenate from aqueous medium. The pH-dependent swelling characteristics of the hydrogel were studied, and the experimental parameters that affect the absorption efficiency were investigated. Our results demonstrate that these types of hydrogels are highly effective in removing arsenate(V) anions from the aqueous environment. A removal efficiency of approximately 99.7% was obtained be immersing 1.5g/l hydrogel in a solution containing 50ppm As(V) at pH 9 for 360min. Moreover, the hydrogels are very easy to handle upon absorption, avoiding issues related to the separation of traditional powder absorbents from water after absorption.     

ARE SOILS LIKE SPONGES?1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to explore the validity of the old analogy that “soil is like a sponge.” Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure two hydrologic properties of porous media: drainage under gravity, and water potential curves. A tipping bucket rain gage connected to a data logger was used to measure the rate at which water drained under the force of gravity from a trough filled with four saturated porous media ‐ cellulose sponges, topsoil, peat, and a medium sand. Pressure plate techniques were used to determine water potential curves for soil materials and sponges. In terms of relative cumulative discharge from the trough, sponges were intermediate between peat and topsoil. Because of their tremendous water‐holding capacity, sponges discharged more than 2.5 times as much water as did peat. The water potential curve for sponges was fairly flat, like that of topsoil, but the high water content across all pressures (0.30–15.0 bars) indicated some similarity to peat. The results of these experiments suggest that the general patterns of water retention and release in soil materials and sponges are similar and vary only in degree.     

KH-550对废PCBs非金属粉/PP复合材料性能的影响

对回收的纸基印刷线路板非金属粉表面硅烷化处理,研究了硅烷偶联剂KH-550最佳用量和对非金属粉/PP复合材料的力学性能以及耐热性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜对复合材料的界面进行研究。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂的最佳用量为非金属粉质量的1.5%;经偶联剂表面处理非金属粉与PP基体树脂能够形成有效的界面粘结,与未处理非金属粉的PP复合体系相比,其力学性能和热性能得到明显提高。硅烷偶联剂KH-550在一定程度上能够改善复合材料的性能。     

Structure and activity relationships for amine based CO2 absorbents—I

A study to determine the structure and activity relationships of various amine based CO₂ absorbents was performed in which, the absorption of pure CO₂ at atmospheric pressure was measured to assess the total absorption rate and capacities. Results showed that an increase in chain length between the amine and different functional groups in the absorbent structure, result in a decrease of absorption rate whereas, the absorption capacity was increased in most absorbents.     

Utilization of calcite and waste glass for preparing construction materials with a low environmental load

In this study, porous calcite materials are hydrothermally treated at 200 °C using powder compacts consisting of calcite and glasses composed of silica-rich soda-lime. After treatment, the glasses are converted into calcium aluminosilicate hydrates, such as zeolite phases, which increase their strength. The porosity and morphology of new deposits of hydrothermally solidified materials depend up on the chemical composition of glass. The use of calcite and glass in the hydrothermal treatment plays an important role in the solidification of calcite without thermal decomposition.