加强安全生产监察队伍能力建设探讨

强化国家安全生产执法监察是建立我国安全生产法治体制和实现安全生产形势明显好转治本之策。安全生产监察员是代表国家意志对生产经营单位实行监督、检查和处罚，任务的严肃性和艰巨性对监察队伍素质提出很高要求，提高监察员的品质和能力是非常重要的基础建设。建议在国家安监系统内把机关行政管理和日常现场监察执法工作逐渐分离，最终实现监察队伍专业化和职业化；制定监察员基本业务素质标准，包括学历、专业背景和工作业绩等方面的要求；建立规范化的安全生产监察员选拔、聘用、考核和辞退管理程序；编制安全生产监察员执法工作手则与监察技术指南，规范执法行为，提高专业技术水平；同时还应加强对监察员的业务培训和知识更新，全面提高监察队伍的能力。     

我国安全生产监管队伍能力建设对策

分析了国内安全生产监管队伍建设现状,总结提出了我国在安全生产监管队伍建设方面存在的职责界限不清、内部监察工作不规范、人员能力不高、安全生产监管信息系统建设滞后等问题。结合国外安全监管队伍建设经验,制定了覆盖从入到出、全过程的能力培养和保障框架,提出了制定安全生产监管条例、实施监督与管理分离、合理设置各级监督机构职责分工、实施分级监督、强化监管队伍能力建设、建立安全生产监管信息系统、实施安全生产内部监察制度的对策。研究结果对增强我国安全监管队伍能力,提高安全监管水平具有参考意义。     

Cross-cultural comparisons of traffic safety,risk perception,attitudes and behaviour

The core aim of the present study is to examine cultural differences in risk perception and attitudes towards traffic safety and risk, taking behaviour in the Norwegian and the Ghanaian public. An additional aim is to discuss the applicability of various traffic measures, suited for low and middle income countries in Africa.Sample: The results of the present study are based on two self-completion questionnaire surveys carried out in February and March 2006. The first was a representative sample of the Norwegian public above 18 years of age (N = 247). The second was a stratified sample of Ghanaian respondents (N = 299). In Ghana the data was collected in Accra and Cape Coast.The results showed that there is potential for further improvement of safety attitudes and risk behaviour among Ghanaians as well as Norwegians. There were also differences in the respondents’ evaluation of attitudes, risk perception and behaviour. Perceived risk and attitudes also significantly predicted risk behaviour and accidents/collisions. The implications of these results for traffic safety will be discussed.     

Perspectives on safety: The impact of group membership,work factors and trust on safety performance in UK and Norwegian drilling company employees

This study is anchored in a contractor company providing well services for platform drilling on the Norwegian (NCS) and the UK Continental Shelves (UKCS). The research project has as its point of departure the potential influences of group level characteristics, structural work factors, trust, and safety behaviour on safety performance. Do perceptions and performance differ across Shelves? Are “nomadic” groups or employees that have more unpredictable shift rotations more exposed to accidents than others? Is high trust and sound safety behaviour enhancing good safety performance? The results are based on questionnaire data from two samples of personnel distributed across three installations on the UKCS and nine on the NCS with a response rate of 67%: N = 170 (UKCS) and N = 621 (NCS). In addition, two focus group interviews were held in each country, with 15 participants in each. The results show that our model makes sense. Shelf shows a significant influence on safety performance in all but the final stage in our five-step logistic regression model, indicating that the effect may be mediated by safety compliance and safety participation. Installations and different work teams have different exposure and structural work factors matter significantly. Somewhat counter-intuitively, employees who have a “nomadic” status and who hold the least regular shift rotations appear to have a lower risk of being involved in incidents. High trust in workmates buffers against incident involvement and the same applies for high safety compliance. The results, challenges and implications for research and safety practitioners are discussed.     

Promoting safety by training supervisors and safety representatives for daily safety work

Safety at Finnish work places is mainly considered to be the task of a separate safety organization, e.g., a safety manager and safety delegates. However, it is the supervisor who is responsible for the daily safety in the departments. The Finnish paper industry has developed a supplementary system for the safety organization to carry out safety work in the factories. The monitoring and improving of the daily safety has been delegated to small groups in the production departments. These small groups consist of the supervisor and the safety representative (worker member) of the work area. Sometimes also a department manager or a member of the maintenance department may participate in the work group. A training program was designed to give basic knowledge and skills for the groups. The course has helped the participants to better outline their duties and activities within the safety field.     

Intraorganizational mobility and work related attitudes

Survey responses of 690 employees of a state agency were used to investigate the idea that internal mobility experiences ‘spill over’ to affect a variety of job attitudes and perceptions. Having one's internal mobility expectations met, as opposed to unmet, was associated with more favorable work-related attitudes, a finding not moderated by demographic factors. Furthermore, employees denied a job change for ‘fair’ reasons generally exhibited more favorable work-related attitudes than those denied for a reason construed as ‘unfair’ (e.g. sex discrimination, reverse discrimination). Demographic characteristics were again observed to moderate few relationships.     

Developing and validating a scientific model for exploring safe work practices in interdisciplinary teams

Health research literature on quality and safety in recent years has pointed to a need to explore the characteristics of interdisciplinary team work unique to the health care sector and the particular organization. The literature also has identified a need for scientific models that explore and integrate existing findings concerning team dynamics. In this article, I attempt to address these concerns by developing and validating a scientific model for exploring safe work practices of interdisciplinary OR teams. Specifically, existing health research literature on quality and safety is reviewed to identify and incorporate various team-related aspects into dimensions of the proposed model. To further validate the model, I conduct an ethnographic study of safe work practices within an interdisciplinary OR setting. I find that safe work practices can be viewed as a product of the individual’s and team’s ability to draw on and combine explicit and tacit knowledge repertoires, which again is a product of the particular inner and outer structural conditions of a system. While the findings add their own unique distinctiveness to the scientific model, the findings also compare to the existing aspects and dimensions of the model. I conclude that the fit of the empirical data to the model improves the validity of the model, and also the potential application of the model in ethnographic research within different medical and/or team settings.     

我厂搞好班组安全管理的经验

从我厂实际出发,以如何搞好班组安全管理为重点进行了论述.     

谈抓好班组安全建设的认识

抓好班组安全建设 ,必须做到领导、思想教育、安全管理三个到位     

Age differences in safety attitudes and safety performance in Hong Kong construction workers

PROBLEM: Safety in the construction industry is a major issue in Hong Kong, representing about 46% of all occupational injuries in 1998. This study explored linear and curvilinear relations between age and safety performance (accident rates and occupational injuries), as well as safety attitudes, in construction workers in Hong Kong. METHOD: A Chinese version of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ by Donald & Canter) was developed and administered to a sample of Chinese construction workers (N=374, 366 males, 8 females) from 27 construction sites. RESULTS: Accident rates were not related to age. Occupational injuries were related to age in a curvilinear manner, with injuries at first increasing with age, then decreasing. Two safety attitude scales were related to age with older workers exhibiting more positive attitudes to safety. If age and tenure are controlled, some attitude scales are predictors of safety performance. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Management/supervisors, team leaders, and workers are all responsible for safety, and any negative bias toward older construction workers is unfounded.     

谈安全生产中的思想教育工作

安全是煤矿管理的永恒主题.安全思想教育与安全生产管理一直是安全工作中相互依存、不可分割的有机整体,它们铸就了煤炭企业发展中多环节、多因素、动态复杂的系统工程.然而在实际工作中,重生产管理,轻安全思想教育,注重硬件功能,忽视软件效应的"一头沉"现象屡见不鲜,直接影响和制约了企业安全生产.因此我们要不断拓宽安全思想教育领域,有针对性地抓好以人为本的安全思想教育,变领导被动管理为职工主动参与,使安全生产责任制落实到实处,最大限度的发挥思想教育在安全生产管理中的作用.     

安全生产中的和谐管理及应用

和谐管理在安全生产管理中的应用为安全管理技术的进步提供了新的视角。通过研究和谐管理的基本原理,和谐管理机制以及实际操作方法,建立了和谐管理的构件模型,理清了安全和谐管理的主要素,奠定了和谐安全管理的基本理论。用实际调研后的安全管理实例,分析了安全生产和谐管理的应用,说明安全管理最容易出现的"和则缺失,谐则不规范"与"谐则泛滥,和则不足"两种倾向,解释了实际安全管理中管理主题与管理目标相悖产生的不安全现象,给出了和谐安全生产管理的手段。     

掀起事故的盖头来--对某矿安全工作情况调查与思考

为探讨煤矿企业事故频发的特点原因,笔者日前对建矿有32年历史的地方国有某矿历年所发生的各类事故进行整理归类,为安全工作提供警示和借鉴。1 把握事故案例特点,提供安全工作“镜子”1.1 案例具有典型性、警示教育鲜明 在该矿所发生的事故中,不少案例颇具典型性。如工亡案例中,“欲想扒车下班忙,没想命伤一瞬间”、“放炮不按章,造成二命丧”、“休息不注     

违章作业与安全检查

违章作业是技安干部的死敌,可以说技安干部一辈子都是在同违章作业做斗争,因为据统计,诸如工伤、火灾、爆炸、中毒、交通肇事等各类事故的60%～90%都是违章作业造成的,只是单位不同其比例也不同而已.违章作业酿成人间悲剧的事例举不胜举.2000年12月25日发生在洛阳市的一起造成300余人葬身火海的特大火灾事故更是典型.据新华社12月28日电报道:现已查明,‘12.25'特大火灾事故系与东都商厦合资的丹尼斯(台商)公司非法进行电焊施工,电焊工王成太违     

加强安全生产基层基础工作的调查与思考

本文从安全生产基层基础工作入手,以湖北省为例,从安全监管机构设置不规范不健全、基层安全监管力量十分薄弱、安全投入和监管装备严重不足、基层安全监管队伍不稳定、安全生产政策法规体系不完善、安全生产工作机制不健全等六个方面分析了安全生产基层基础建设存在的突出问题。在此基础上,提出了实施"三三五五四"工程的建议,即:全面落实三个责任(企业主体责任、党委政府组织领导责任、相关部门职责);大力加强三项基本建设(基层安全监管机构建设、安全监管执法人员能力建设、安全监管基础设施及基本装备建设);进一步夯实五个基础(安全生产源头监管、企业安全生产标准化建设、安全生产隐患排查治理、职业病危害防治、基层安全生产网格化管理工程);建立健全五项激励约束机制(企业安全生产信用挂钩联动机制、安全生产激励机制、安全监管执法岗位特殊津贴制度、企业安全生产绩效工资制度、安全生产行政问责制);建立健全四个保障体系(投入保障体系、法制保障体系、宣教保障体系、科技支撑体系)。     

PDCA在安全管理工作中的借鉴应用

1 PDCA循环工作方式简介 PDCA循环工作方式是美国数理统计学者V.E.Deming根据管理工作的客观规律总结出来的.他认为:质量管理中的任何工作都可以分为计划、推广、核查、反应4个阶段. (1)计划阶段这一阶段包括4个步骤:①分析现状,找出存在的质量问题;②分析产生质量问题的各种原因;③从各种原因中找出影响质量的主要原因;④针对主要原因制订措施、计划、目标.     

安全生产规划体系框架探讨

阐述了建立安全生产规划体系的必要性,探讨了安全生产规划的定义、研究对象、目的和内容,指出安全生产规划是为使安全生产与经济社会协调发展而预先对未来一段时间内各项安全生产工作所做的时间和空间的合理安排,具有整体性、综合性、动态性、前瞻性、信息密集和政策性强等特征。同时设计了"四级、三层"的安全生产规划体系,即在行政层级上分为国家级、省级、市级和县级四个层级,在协调作用上分为宏观指导层、项目布局层和方案实施层三个层次。国家安全生产规划从宏观上对全国安全生产工作做出谋划与部署,省级安全生产规划要接受国家安全生产规划宏观指导性的引导和要求,并结合各地实际进行项目布局,同时借助专项规划分解内容,制定市、县级规划实施方案。     

石油工业动火安全防护方法研究

在石油生产设备设施的建设安装和检修动火过程中,工程技术人员创造发明了防护盲板、防护接地、加装管道扫线接口和绝缘螺栓四种防护方法。防护盲板主要应用于隔离动火一方与不动火一方的防护,防止在动火管线可能着火放炮时,保障动火安全;防护接地是为防止被动火设备因电焊机杂散电流引起火灾而设置的专用接地线,把杂散电流引入大地;扫线接口既可用于管道的排空,又可利用此接口输入气体或液体对管道进行扫线;绝缘螺栓应用于管线法兰与容器法兰之间加绝缘盲板的临时固定,以隔离管线与容器法兰的电焊杂散电流通路。为石油工业动火作业安全提供技术参考。     

安全文化在安全生产工作中的作用

文章探讨了安全文化投入到安全生产领域的过程,叙述了对安全文化的认识及其工作的发挥和开展的保证。     

企业有效落实安全生产责任主体实践

先进的理念、科学的管理及班组自主活动是企业有效落实安全生产责任的三大支柱.一个良好的企业氛围是实现科学管理和推进班组自主活动的基础和前提,间时科学的管理和班组自主活动的开展对形成良好的企业氛围起到积极有效的促进作用.本文同时系统地介绍了如何实现科学管理、推进班组自主活动的一些具体方法和手段.