海螺沟:世界上海拔最低,纬度最低的现代冰川

２００１年，国务院副总理钱其琛到四川考察旅游后，深有感慨地说：“由于时间关系，我这次仅到了四川的两条沟去看了，但这两条沟的景色是世界上任何一个自然景点都不可比拟的”。这“两条沟”指的就是九寨沟和海螺沟。由于九寨沟开发时间较早，因此在海内外的知名度较高，而海螺沟目前正处于开发过程中。 海螺沟是目前世界上发现的为数极少的，一年四季均可登上的低纬度、低海拔现代冰川。过去，进海螺沟的路尚未修好，入山只能骑马，没二三天根本无法进山。现在，经过几年的大规模开发和二郎山隧道的全线贯通，进海螺沟的路已畅通无阻，…     

二氧化氮分析方法最低检出限的确定

环境空气中二氧化氮的分析方法为盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法,根据吸收液体积与采样体积的不同方法最低检出限分别为0.010mg/m3(1)、0.005mg/m3(2),而在现场操作与实验室分析过程中为了更准确、方便、快捷、操作性强,对吸收液体积与采样体积作了一定的调整,因此方法的最低检出限通过实验室空白样品的测定重新确定。     

最低检出量确定方法的探讨

在环境监测中，由于实验条件不同等原因，有时会出现最低检出量与文献给定之间的差别。     

目前世界上人均寿命最高和最低的国家

据联合国开发计划署统计，目前世界上人均寿命最高（长）的10个国家和地区是：（1）日本78.6岁，（2）冰岛77.8岁，（3）瑞典77.4岁，（4）香港77.3岁，（5）荷兰77.2岁，（6）挪威77.1岁，（7）加拿大77岁，（8）澳大利亚76.5岁，（9）法国76.4岁，（10）塞浦路斯76.2岁。     

试验Z/AFc:散热试样和非散热试样寒冷/振动(正弦)综合试验

本标准由IEC笫50(环境试验)技术委员会提出的。 草案于1975年海牙会议上通过。由于这次会议的结果,作为50(中办)180号文件的草案于1977年7月按六月法提交各国家委员会审批。 作为50(中办)191号文件的修正案于1981年12月按二月程序提交各国家委员会审批。 以下一些国家委员会明确投票赞成本标准:     

The supervision of environmental risk: The case of HCB waste or Botany/Randwick?

The governance activities of capital and the state include attempts to control the timing and spacing of social activities such as the production of environmental risks and settlement of different social groups. The supervisory activities that have shaped the environmental and social history of the Botany/Randwick area are identified here, to examine how the HCB waste risk developed in that community. The analysis shows that multiple environmental risks and an ethnically diverse, working class community have been brought together in space to create environmental injustice. Analysing the governance of one environmental risk like hexachlorobenzene (HCB) waste may not increase understanding about communities facing multiple environmental risks or the supervisory processes that lead to the unfair accumulation of risks for particular places or social groups. Lessons from the environmental justice movement suggest that reframing problems like HCB waste management at Botany/Randwick as distributive justice issues may contribute to governance arrangements that better manage multiple risks and pollution sources in space affecting marginalised communities.     

环保部副部长:PM2.5数据发布勿做“技术处理”

2012年全国环境监测工作会议10日在广州召开。环保部副部长吴晓青在会上要求,各地一定要将PM2.5真实的监测数据发布出去。吴晓青说,包括珠三角城市在内的地区,率先发布PM2.5数据后,有公众对数据提出了质疑,说明环保部门的数据缺乏公信力。因此环保部门一定要成为     

IEC68-2-51试验Z/BFc:散热试样和非散热试样的干热/振动(正弦)综合试验

序言 本标准由IEC第50(环境试验)技术委员会提出。 1975年在海牙会议上讨论了初稿。由于这次会议的结果,作为50(中办)181文件的草案于1977年7月按六个月法则提交国家委员会表决。 作为50(中办)192文件的修改件,于1981年12月以二月程序提交各国家委员会表决。     

Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater and superficial water: Are they genetically related?

Many studies have reported the presence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in environmental samples such as hospital wastewater and surface water. The present study evaluated the contribution of untreated hospital wastewater to the dissemination of resistant P. aeruginosa strains in aquatic environments, through the analysis of their antibiotic susceptibility profile and genetic similarity. Wastewater samples were collected from two hospitals located in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. Superficial water samples were collected from water bodies that received this wastewater discharge. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the strains were determined using the disk-diffusion technique and their genotyping was done by amplification of the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequences (ERIC-PCR). The antibiotic resistance was higher among the hospital wastewater strains and the multiresistant phenotype was also observed only among these strains. The ERIC-PCR profiles did not reveal any genetic similarity among the P. aeruginosa strains from the wastewater and superficial water samples. On the contrary, they showed that genetically distinct populations were established in these different environments and probably that some other contamination source could be contributing to the presence of resistant strains in these water bodies.     

Predicting δCDIC dynamics in CCS: A scheme based on a review of inorganic carbon chemistry under elevated pressures and temperatures

Stable carbon isotopes are important tools to assess potential storage sites for CO₂, as they allow the quantification of ionic trapping via isotope mass balances. In deep geological formations high p/T conditions need to be considered, because CO₂ dissolution, equilibrium constants and isotope fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) depend on temperature, pressure and solute composition. After reviewing different approaches to account for these dependencies, an expanded scheme is presented for speciation and carbon isotope fractionation of DIC and dissolution of CaCO₃ for pCO₂ up to 100 bar, pH down to 3 and temperatures of up to 200 °C. The scheme evaluates the influence of respective parameters on isotope ratios during CO₂ sequestration. The pCO₂ and pH are the dominant controlling factors in the DIC/δ¹³C/pH system. The fugacity of CO₂ has major impact on DIC concentrations at temperatures below 100 °C at high pCO₂. Temperature dependency of activities and equilibrium dominates at temperatures above 100 °C. Isotope ratios of DIC are expected to be about 1–2‰ more depleted in ¹³C compared to the free CO₂ at pCO₂ values above 10 bar. This depletion is controlled by carbon isotope fractionation between CO₂ and H₂CO₃* which is the dominant species of DIC at the resulting pH below 5.     

Ti/PbO2电极与Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5电极催化体系降解酸性大红染料废水的比较研究

为比较Ti/PbO₂电极和Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O₅电极催化体系降解酸性大红(GR)染料废水的处理效果,并确定体系最佳工艺参数。分别对Ti/PbO₂电极和Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O₅电极催化体系内初始pH、染料初始浓度、电流密度、电解质浓度对GR染料降解率的影响进行了探索,比较工艺参数优化后两催化体系的GR降解率、电极形貌及TOC去除率。结果表明,工艺参数优化后(初始pH 6.38,染料初始浓度100 mg/L,电流密度50 mA/cm²,电解质浓度0.1 mg/L),Ti/PbO₂电极和Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O₅电极催化体系GR去除率分别可达98.3%和61.1%,TOC去除率为25.4%和13.5%;结合电极表面形貌分析,Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O_5<...     

O3/H2O2工艺去除脱硫废水中COD的性能研究

O₃/H₂O₂高级氧化技术具有氧化能力强和无选择性等优点,被广泛用于高浓度、难降解和有毒有害的有机废水处理。考察了O₃/H₂O₂工艺在不同条件(H₂O₂投加量、pH、反应时间)下对脱硫废水中COD去除的影响。结果表明：H₂O₂为0.02 mg/L时去除效果最好,但随着用量的增加,效果逐渐变差;当废水pH为12时COD去除效果最好;当反应时间为1 min时,可达到COD低于90 mg/L的效果。     

Urban/rural division in environmental justice frameworks: revealing modernity-urbanisation nexus in Turkey’s small-scale hydropower development

Environmental justice frameworks predominantly focus on exploration of socio-environmental inequalities faced by racial, ethnic, religious, cultural and low-income groups. This article aims to expand this mainstream focus of the environmental justice concept on these groups by conceptualising urban/rural division as a group difference, based on which rural communities face with socio-environmental burdens of environmental policies in relation to their urban counterparts. It is based on the analysis of Turkey’s small-scale hydroelectricity power plant (HPP) development policies, referring to the planning and constructions of approximately 1500 hydropower plants across the country, along with country’s modernist agenda, i.e. achievement of economic development, social progress and urban transformation of Turkey. These power plants are also strongly associated with numerous socio-economic, environmental and cultural impacts on local rural communities and local environments with dozens of local opposition movements, while favouring needs, interests and lifestyles of urban communities. This point deserves a systematic conceptualisation within the environmental justice frameworks as it helps to further explain deep causes of socio-environmental inequalities particularly in developing country contexts. Thus, this article is built on such a conceptualisation arguing the necessity to integrate urban/rural division as a separate group difference to environmental justice frameworks by examining modernisation and urbanisation nexus in Turkey’s small-scale HPP development process.     

解读欧盟新EMC指令2004/108/EC

本文着重解读了欧盟新EMC指令2004/108/EC的主要内容,包括本指令的基本规定、协调标准、符合性评定程序、标识和信息、公告机构等,并分析新指令时检测机构、企业的影响,为检测机构和客户提供一些必须了解的讯息.     

O3/H2O2协同催化处理煤化工高盐有机废水的研究

煤化工高盐废水中有机物的处理是废水零排放项目能否成功运行的关键性因素,制备了一种铁基活性炭催化剂,并采用O₃/H₂O₂协同催化技术处理煤化工高盐废水,可以显著提高废水中有机物的处理效果。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、穆斯堡尔谱、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对催化剂进行表征,考察处理工艺、氧化剂加入量和反应时间对废水中有机物去除效果的影响,评价催化剂的稳定性和催化性能。结果表明,本催化剂用于O₃/H₂O₂协同催化处理煤化工高盐有机废水时,TOC去除率提高至54.41%;连续稳定运行1800 h后催化剂的催化活性基本保持不变。提供的催化剂及O₃/H₂O₂协同催化工艺可以高效处理煤化工高盐废水中的有机物,解决废水零排放项目中的难点,具有广阔的市场应用前景。