UV/Fenton光解处理含三唑磷废水的研究

采用类UV／Fenton法对模拟三唑磷废水进行处理。在模拟废水中人工投加H2O2和Fe^3＋试剂能产生类Fenton试剂，类Fenton试剂在光照条件过程中可以产生大量活性羟基．OH，能够很好地氧化降解废水中的有机化合物。本方法可以有效的处理低浓度的含三唑磷的废水，提供三唑磷农药水样的UV／Fenton催化氧化过程的一级动力学方程。     

钻井污水处理的物化工艺研究

对二级化学混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺处理钻井污水进行了实验研究。首先通过对不同混凝剂的对比实验，确定了最佳混凝剂及试剂最佳投加量，探讨了耦合条件对处理出水COD的去除效果。实验结果表明，采用PAC和PFS的二级混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺可使钻井污水COD去除率达到95％，其余各项指标亦达标。     

草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

本实验目的是研究草木灰对吸附亚甲基蓝的去除效果,探讨了亚甲基蓝初始量、吸附时间、pH值等对吸附效果的影响,并运用伪一级、伪二级反应动力学模型和Laugmuir、Freundlich等温线模型进行拟合。结果表明,草木灰对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附在5 min~30 min速率比较快,约在65 min内达到吸附平衡,pH越大越有利于吸附,浓度在5mg/L时草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附最佳。与伪二级动力学曲线模型拟合效果较好,由Laugmuir等温线模型计算得出理论最大吸附容量Qm为2.275 mg/g,吸附性能优异。     

O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水有机物动力学及机理研究

对O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水降解有机物动力学、特征污染物苯胺降解动力学及机理进行实验分析,研究结果表明：页岩气产出水有机物、苯胺降解符合一级反应动力学;臭氧分子的分解符合零级反应动力学。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析O3/H2O2氧化苯胺降解过程中间产物,发现O3/H2O2氧化法不能完全 将页岩气产出水矿化为二氧化碳和水,只是将复杂有机物分子转化为结构简单的直链烷烃或者羧酸类物质,需与其他氧化方式相结合才可将有机物完全去除,并提出了降解返排液中苯胺的两条可能途径,为O3/H2O2氧化工艺实际应用提供理论依据。     

Fenton氧化法在废水处理中的应用

Fenton氧化技术在水处理中的运用正得到越来越多的关注，本文总结了Fenton氧化技术的发展和研究现状，包括Fenton试剂反应机理，影响因素（pH,[Fe^2 ]/[H2O2],反应温度，投加方式，化学絮凝），反应动力学，改良形式等，并认为Fenton氧化技术是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。     

絮凝-酸析-NaClO-Fenton联合处理页岩气产出水研究

以涪陵页岩气田产出水为研究对象，研究絮凝、酸析、Fenton氧化和NaClO氧化相互协同作用下，采出水COD去除率的变化程度及规律。比较了不同组合方式下水样COD去除效果及变化规律，考察了絮凝剂、次氯酸钠和Fenton试剂的加量以及体系pH值对去除率的影响，结果表明：（1）单一絮凝或酸析条件下，最高COD去除率＜25%，在絮凝剂加量80mg/L、酸析pH为4时，絮凝-酸析协同处理COD去除率达到＞40%；（2）原始水样直接进行次氯酸钠氧化，COD最高去除率为75.01%，絮凝-酸析后进行次氯酸钠氧化，最高COD去除率为80.34%，与原始水样相比提高了5.33%，且达到相同的COD去除效果，絮凝-酸析后水样对次氯酸钠的需求量低于原始水样；（3）絮凝-酸析后水样进行Fenton氧化与原始水样直接进行Fenton氧化相比，COD去除率提高了6.07%；（4）絮凝-酸析-NaClO- Fenton协同处理，水样COD去除率达到＞90%，其中最高去除为94.17%，与絮凝-酸析-NaClO和絮凝-酸析-Fenton处理相比分别提高了13.83%和5.27%。水样首先经过絮凝-酸析预处理，达到削减后续次氯酸钠和Fenton氧化负荷、降低药剂用量目的，然后经过Fenton试剂和次氯酸钠对不同类型特征污染物选择性去除的协同作用，可达到较高的COD去除率。     

絮凝-酸析-NaClO-Fenton联合处理页岩气产出水

以涪陵页岩气田产出水为对象,研究絮凝、酸析、次氯酸钠(NaClO)和Fenton氧化联合处理产出水COD的去除规律,考察了絮凝剂、NaClO、Fenton试剂的加量以及体系pH值对去除率的影响。研究结果表明：单纯絮凝或酸析处理的COD去除率<25%,絮凝-酸析处理COD去除率>40%;絮凝-酸析后再进行NaClO氧化最高COD去除率为80.34%,比原始水样直接NaClO氧化提高了5.33%,对NaClO的需求量低于直接NaClO氧化,并能达到相同的COD去除效果;絮凝-酸析后水样进行Fenton氧化与原始水样直接Fenton氧化相比,COD去除率提高了6.07%;絮凝-酸析-NaClO-Fenton联合处理COD去除率>90%,最高为94.17%,比絮凝-酸析-NaClO和絮凝-酸析-Fenton分别提高了13.83%和5.27%。页岩气产出水经絮凝-酸析预处理,能达到削减后续NaClO和Fenton氧化负荷、降低药剂用量的目的,再经过Fenton试剂和NaClO对不同类型特征污染物选择性去除的联合作用,可达到较高的COD去除率。     

还原氧化石墨烯吸附水体中亚甲基蓝的研究

采用维生素C作为还原剂处理氧化石墨烯制备了石墨烯粉末,用于水体中染料亚甲基蓝的吸附。通过不同反应接触时间、不同温度、不同浓度条件的控制对吸附性能进行了深入研究。利用动力学模型、热力学模型以及吸附等温线对吸附过程的内在机理进行了探讨。最大吸附量达到162.87 mg/g,并且具有优良的循环利用能力。显著的吸附量主要归结于石墨烯所具有的共轭大π键结构,可以通过π-π作用与亚甲蓝发生相互作用,以及亚甲基蓝作为阳极染料与石墨烯所带负电之间的静电作用。     

催化氧化法在钻井废水处理中的应用

在油气田深井钻探过程中产生的钻井液,经固-液分离处理后产生的废水具有化学需氧量高、色度高、矿化度高、含油量高等特点,须进一步进行处理。采用Fenton试剂对钻井废水进行了催化氧化处理实验。结果表明,处理后, 废水中化学需氧量(COD)去除率可达82%,色度去除率为98.5%。H2O2/Fe2+投量摩尔比、H2O2/初始COD摩尔比、pH值和反应时间对废水COD、色度的去除率均有较大影响。用Fenton试剂催化氧化工艺处理聚磺体系钻井废水还具有处理效率高、操作简便、适用范围广等优点。     

生物法处理含酚废水的研究

为了降低炼油厂污水处理场的酚负荷,对催化裂化汽提塔所排含酚废水的预处理进行了研究。进行了煤渣吸附实验,酚的生物降解动力学实验及酚在兼氧条件下的处理实验;采用４－氨基安替比林光度法测定酚浓度。实验结果表明采用煤渣填料－生物膜反应器,酚的去除率可达９０％,酚的生物降解符合一级反应动力学,酚类物质可在兼氧条件下降解     

Costs of the electrochemical oxidation of wastewaters: a comparison with ozonation and Fenton oxidation processes

In the work described here the technical and economic feasibilities of three Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been studied: Conductive-Diamond Electrochemical Oxidation (CDEO), Ozonation and Fenton oxidation. The comparison was made by assessing the three technologies with synthetic wastewaters polluted with different types of organic compounds and also with actual wastes (from olive oil mills and from a fine-chemical manufacturing plant). All three technologies were able to treat the wastes, but very different results were obtained in terms of efficiency and mineralization. Only CDEO could achieve complete mineralization of the pollutants for all the wastes. However, the efficiencies were found to depend on the concentration of pollutant (mass transfer control of the oxidation rate). Results obtained in the oxidation with ozone (at pH 12) or by Fenton's reagent were found to depend on the nature of the pollutants, and significant concentrations of oxidation-refractory compounds were usually accumulated during the treatment. Within the discharge limits that all of the technologies can reach, the economic analysis shows that the operating cost of Fenton oxidation is lower than either CDEO or ozonation, although CD\EO can compete satisfactorily with the Fenton process in the treatment of several kinds of wastes. Likewise, the investment cost for the ozonation process seems to be higher than either CDEO or Fenton oxidation, regardless of the pollutant treated.     

Coupled abiotic-biotic mineralization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)

Munitions wastes such as TNT are widespread contaminants in soils and ground waters. We investigated a coupled abiotic-biotic treatment scheme for remediation of aqueous solutions of TNT. Mineralization of aqueous TNT (0.22 mM) was initially optimized with minimum reactant use (Fe3+ and H2O2) in light-assisted and dark, modified Fenton reactions at acidic and neutral pH. Complete TNT degradation occurred under all reaction conditions within 24 h. Using the optimum reactant concentrations, coupled abiotic-biotic reactions showed an increase in TNT mineralization, from 47 to 80%, after biomass addition to the acidic, dark Fenton-like reaction. Comparable increases of TNT mineralization were observed under neutral pH with similar reaction conditions. In light-assisted Fenton-like reactions at neutral pH, no increase in cumulative TNT mineralization (66%) was seen in coupled abiotic-biotic reactions. Abiotic photo-Fenton-like reactions alone, at acidic pH, produced complete TNT mineralization and required no biotic assistance. While light-enhanced Fenton reactions alone can provide high levels of TNT mineralization, the dark abiotic-biotic reaction scheme has perhaps a wider use due to a similar extent of TNT mineralization in the absence of light, leading to possible applications in soil slurry and in situ processes in the subsurface.     

Influence of pyrene combination state in soils on its treatment efficiency by Fenton oxidation

Interactions of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) with soil organic matter (SOM) determine their combination state in soils, and therefore strongly influence their mobility, bioavailability, and chemical reactivity. Contact time (aging) of an HOC in soil also strongly influences its combination state and environmental fate. We studied Fenton oxidation of pyrene in three different soils to reveal the influences of SOM, contact time, and combination state on the efficiency of vigorous chemical reactions. Pyrene degradation efficiency depended strongly on the dose of oxidant (H(2)O(2)) and catalyst (Fe(2+)); the greatest degradation was achieved at an oxidant to catalyst molar ratio of 10:1. Pyrene degradation differed among the three soils, ranging from 65.4% to 88.9%. Pyrene degradation efficiency decreased with increasing SOM content, and the aromatic carbon content in SOM was the key parameter. We hypothesize that pyrene molecules that combine with the compact net structure of aromatic SOM are less accessible to Fenton oxidation. Furthermore, pyrene degradation efficiency decreased considerably after aged for 30 days, but further aging to 60 and 180 days did not significantly change degradation efficiency. The Fenton oxidation efficiency of pyrene in both unaged and aged soils was greater than the corresponding desorption rate during the same period, perhaps because Fenton reaction can make pyrene more accessible to the oxidant through the enhancement of HOCs' desorption by generating reductant species or by destroying SOM through oxidation.     

Fenton氧化法处理难降解有机废水的研究进展

Fenton氧化法在处理难降解有机污染物时具有独特的优势,是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。在阐述传统Fenton氧化、光Fenton氧化、电Fenton氧化技术的基础上,介绍了三种氧化技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用现状,并对其在废水处理中的优势、存在问题和研究方向作出了系统评述。     

芬顿法和湿式过氧化氢氧化法处理醇酮模拟水的研究

以醇酮模拟水为研究对象,系统考察了芬顿法和湿式过氧化氢氧化法主要因素的影响规律,其中包括H2O2加量、pH值、Fe2+加量、反应时间等。通过单因素实验分别得到较优的反应条件。在较优条件下,芬顿法使醇酮模拟水的COD去除率达到73.40%,B/C由原来的0.15提高至0.30;湿式过氧化氢氧化法使醇酮模拟水的COD去除率达到73.12%,B/C提高到0.36。两种处理方法较大的提高了醇酮模拟水的可生化性,为后续的深度处理创造了条件。     

Optimization of Fenton's oxidation of chemical laboratory wastewaters using the response surface methodology

Establishing a treatment process for practical and economic disposal of laboratory wastewaters has become an urgent environmental concern of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (State University of Maringá), Brazil. Fenton and related reactions are potentially useful oxidation processes for destroying toxic organic compounds in water. In these reactions, hydrogen peroxide is combined with ferrous or ferric iron in the presence or absence of light to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH). The feasibility of Fenton's reagent to treat waste chemicals from an academic research laboratory was investigated in this study. A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Fenton oxidation process conditions using chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal as the target parameter to optimize, and the reagent concentrations, as related to the initial concentration of organic matter in the effluent, and pH as the control factors to be optimized. Maximal COD removal (92.3%) was achieved when wastewater samples were treated at pH 4 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iron in the ratios [COD]:[H2O2]=1:9 and [H2O2]:[Fe2+]=4.5:1. Under these conditions, it was possible to obtain simultaneously maximal COD removal and minimal chemical sludge after treatment, which is a residue that needs further processing.     

Fenton试剂高级氧化法降解甲基橙模拟废水研究

甲基橙是一种较难降解的有机苯环偶氮染料之一,研究其降解性能对其他染料废水体系的降解研究具有普遍参考价值。通过研究Fenton试剂降解甲基橙过程中的H202浓度、Fe2＋浓度、反应时间和反应体系pH值对甲基橙降解的影响,确定其最佳降解工艺条件为：当甲基橙浓度为20mg／L、pH值为3、Fe2＋浓度为1．5mmol／L、H2O2为32mmol/L时,降解率达到最大值（98．95％）。     

Effect of chloride ions on the oxidation of aniline by Fenton's reagent

The objective of this study was to experimentally probe the mechanism of chloride ions specifically affecting aniline oxidation by Fenton's reagent. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, Fe2+, H2O2 and chloride concentration on the oxidation reaction. Results show that the inhibition caused by chloride ions can be overcome by extending the reaction time if the concentration of chloride ions is low. At a high concentration of chloride ions, however, the oxidation of aniline was inhibited, and actually ceased due to the complexation of Fe-Cl. In this study, the chloride ion concentration was kept at 0.2 M in the experiments when studying the effect of ferrous ion concentration on the Fenton reaction. If the ratio of [Cl-]/[Fe2+] was < or = 200, the inhibition effect was very significant. In other words, adding more ferrous ions rather than hydrogen peroxide can break the inhibition originating from the chloride ions at an initial stage of pH 3. The inhibition effect of chloride ions on the aniline reaction depended on the reaction pH; the extent of inhibition decreased with increasing the initial pH as long as the pH was less than 5. Consequently, the inhibition effect by chloride ions was primarily due to the complexation of iron species and chloride ions. The influence of chloride ions on aniline oxidation due to the competition of hydroxyl radicals was not significant.     

Regeneration of industrial district wastewater using a combination of Fenton process and ion exchange—A case study

Regeneration studies of wastewater effluent from an organized industrial district (OID) for possible reuse in textile industry as process water was investigated. Advanced treatment methods including Fenton process, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) coagulation and ion exchange were applied on OID effluent. In Fenton process removal efficiencies for suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SAC₄₃₆ (spectral absorption coefficient), SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 61%, 36%, 35%, 49% and 67%, respectively. After Fenton process, wastewater samples were coagulated with PAC. Optimum removal efficiencies for SS, COD, Fe ion, SAC₄₃₆, SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 83%, 18%, 93%, 32%, 36% and 58%, respectively. Ion exchange experiments were conducted on chemically coagulated wastewater samples to improve the quality of wastewater. Optimum dosage of resins was determined. The experiments revealed that 1:1 resin ratio (20 mL H-type resin:20 mL OH-type resin) gave the best removal rates for the parameters considered in this study. Study results indicated that quality of the wastewater was suitable for the process water characteristics of textile industry and unit wastewater treatment cost was determined as 2.54 €/m³.