棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征,分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验,同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下,棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71．2mg／g和59．8mg／g;动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程,吸附达到平衡的时间为3h;热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。     

狭叶香蒲活性炭对Cd~(2+)与Pb~(2+)的吸附及机理分析

为了解狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia L.)活性炭的吸附性能及其机理,采用磷酸一步活化法制备了狭叶香蒲活性炭,并对其理化性质进行了表征;通过静态实验,研究了溶液起始pH、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)浓度、吸附时间、温度、活性炭剂量对狭叶香蒲活性炭吸附水溶液中Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的影响。狭叶香蒲活性炭对Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附量随溶液起始pH与温度的增加而增加,吸附平衡时间约为10 min;热力学分析表明,吸附过程自发而且吸热,吸附动力学实验结果符合拟二级动力学模型,Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好地拟合狭叶香蒲活性炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附,Pb~(2+)的平衡吸附量与Freundlich模型的拟合性更好。25℃条件下,由Langmuir线性模型拟合得到的Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)最大吸附量Qm分别为83.33和116.28 mg/g。狭叶香蒲活性炭的理化性质分析表明,活性炭表面凹凸不平、多孔,比表面积为780.42 m2/g、孔容23.29 m L/g、平均孔径3.14 nm;活性炭含有羟基、磷酸基、CC键等,等电点为3.3。结果表明,狭叶香蒲活性炭是Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)吸附的有效吸附剂,吸附过程包括静电吸附、离子交换等。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb2＋和Cd2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征,分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验,同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下,棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71.2 mg/g和59.8 mg/g;动力学实验数据很好的符合二级     

棉花秸秆黑炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性研究

以棉花秸秆黑炭(以下简称黑炭)为吸附剂,通过吸附动力学、吸附热力学以及等温吸附实验研究了黑炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性。结果表明,Cd~(2+)在黑炭上的吸附动力学更加符合准二级动力学方程,其吸附可分为快速吸附和慢速吸附两个过程,在60min就可以达到饱和吸附量的92%。颗粒内扩散并不是控制吸附速率的唯一步骤,同时受到液膜扩散和表面吸附的作用。吸附等温线拟合发现Langmuir方程能更好地描述Cd~(2+)在黑炭上的吸附行为,Cd~(2+)在炭变化时间为3.0、4.5h的黑炭上的最大吸附量分别为36.36、38.61mg/g。吸附热力学研究结果表明,黑炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附是自发的吸热过程。     

不同热解温度污泥生物炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附特性

采用剩余污泥为原料,分别于300、400、500℃缺氧条件下制备污泥生物炭,利用X射线能谱仪(EDS)、环境扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)对其进行表征,并探究不同吸附时间,不同pH和不同Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)浓度下污泥生物炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附特性,以期拓展污泥资源化利用途径。结果表明,准二级动力学方程能更好地描述污泥生物炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附过程,约30 h达到平衡,其吸附主要受化学吸附控制。随溶液初始pH的升高,重金属的吸附量呈先增高后降低趋势,在pH 4.5时对Pb~(2+)的吸附量最大,而Cd~(2+)在pH 6.5时最大。在25℃时,低温热解制备的污泥生物炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附量为RC500RC400RC300,RC500的饱和吸附量分别为Pb~(2+)(14.39 mg·g~(-1))Cd~(2+)(1.45 mg·g~(-1)),污泥生物炭对重金属离子的吸附量与其水合离子半径呈负相关。     

改性谷壳生物炭负载磁性Fe去除废水中Pb~(2+)的效果及机制

将谷売生物炭用酸改性后负载磁性Fe_3O_4,得到一种新的吸附材料(BC~Fe)。通过单因素吸附实验,研究了时间、pH、添加量、浓度以及温度等参数对BCTe吸附废水中Pb~(2+)的影响,并对其进行比表面积及傅里叶红外光谱分析,探讨该磁性生物炭对Pb~(2+)的吸附机理。结果表明对Pb~(2+)的吸附能在2 h内基本达到平衡。在Pb~(2+)溶液初始浓度为100mg·L~(-1),pH=5.0温度为25℃,分別添加0.1g和0.15 g的BC-Fe于50 mL Pb~(2+)溶液中,单位质量的BC-Fe对溶液中Pb~(2+)的吸附量分别为40.6 mg·g~(-1)和33.2 mg·g~(-1)去除率分别为81.3%和99.9%。该吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,理论平衡吸附量为43.9 mg·g~(-1)。用Langmuir等温吸附方程能够很好地描述其吸附行为;热力学研究表明对Pb~(2+)的吸附过程是自发的吸热过程。     

CaCl_2改性生物炭的制备及其对Pb~(2+)的吸附作用

以柳木屑和花生壳为原料,采用预浸渍—热解法制备原始柳木屑生物炭(FMC)、原始花生壳生物炭(PSC)、CaCl_2改性的柳木屑生物炭(Ca-FMC)和CaCl_2改性的花生壳生物炭(Ca-PSC)。在对生物炭的结构和组成进行表征的基础上,研究了CaCl_2改性和pH对生物炭吸附Pb~(2+)的影响,并研究了Ca-FMC和Ca-PSC吸附Pb~(2+)的吸附等温模型和动力学过程。结果表明,CaCl_2改性可显著提高原始生物炭对Pb~(2+)的吸附能力。Ca-FMC和Ca-PSC对Pb~(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,饱和吸附量可分别达到54.32、32.80mg/g。Ca-FMC和Ca-PSC对Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学过程遵循准二级动力学方程,准二级动力学速率常数分别为0.01、0.03g/(mg·h)。     

白云石矿物对水溶液中Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)吸附的动力学和热力学

采用静态实验方法研究了白云石对水溶液中Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附特性,通过批实验考察了反应时间、溶液初始浓度、p H值、离子强度、温度以及固液比等因素对吸附的影响,探讨了白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学、热力学规律及其反应机制。实验结果显示:白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附在24 h达到平衡,对Pb~(2+)的吸附量大于Cu~(2+),伪二级和双常数动力学方程分别能较好地拟合白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附;在一定条件下,白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的去除率与溶液初始浓度呈反比,与固液比呈正比;吸附等温方程符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层吸附;溶液p H值对吸附行为影响显著,在溶液p H=6~7时,吸附效果最好,离子强度对吸附影响甚微;白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附属于吸热反应,反应自发进行,高温促进白云石的吸附行为。     

纳米级天然黄铁矿去除水中Cr~(6+),Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)

利用机械球磨的方法可以提高天然黄铁矿的活性,通过XRD和TEM对机械球磨后黄铁矿粉末的表面形态和物理性质进行表征。通过批实验的方法探讨在不同的pH,不同的球磨黄铁矿用量,不同的反应时间和温度的条件下黄铁矿对Cr~(6+),Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的去除效果。研究结果表明,金属离子的吸收受到pH的影响,随着pH的升高,3种金属离子的吸附趋势出现了很大的不同。并且在分析pH对反应效果的影响时,需要考虑金属生成沉淀时的pH。同时,随着反应时间和温度的增加,3种金属离子的吸收量都有不同程度的升高。通过实验比较,球磨黄铁矿对Cr~(6+),Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的去除能力大小为Pb~(2+)Cr~(6+)Cd~(2+)。纳米级黄铁矿与Cr~(6+),Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的反应过程符合准二级动力学方程。     

壳聚糖-纳米铁去除上覆水和底泥中Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的研究

利用具有较好抗氧化性和分散性的壳聚糖-纳米铁(CS-NZVI)颗粒去除上覆水-底泥系统中的Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+),分析了Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)去除的动力学特征,考察了pH和盐度对去除效果的影响。结果表明,CS-NZVI颗粒能够有效去除上覆水及底泥中的Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+),Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的去除过程满足准一级反应动力学方程;随着pH的升高,上覆水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率逐渐降低,而Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)去除率逐渐升高,底泥中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率先大幅降低后小幅上升,而Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)去除率总体呈降低趋势;高盐度不利于上覆水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除,但对底泥中Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的去除具有促进作用,对底泥中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除没有明显影响。     

Biosorption of copper(II) from aqueous solutions by pre-treated biomass of marine algae Padina sp

Biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective process for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The biomass of marine algae has been reported to have high uptake capacities for a number of heavy metal ions. In this paper, the adsorption properties of a pre-treated biomass of marine algae Padina sp. for copper(II) were investigated. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were obtained from batch adsorption experiments. The biosorption capacities were solution pH dependent and the maximum capacity obtained was 0.80 mmol/g at a solution pH of about 5. The biosorption kinetics was found to be fast, with 90% of adsorption within 15 min and equilibrium reached at 30 min. The effects of light metal ions on copper(II) uptake were studied and the presence of light metal ions did not affect copper(II) uptake significantly. Fixed-bed breakthrough curves for copper(II) removal were also obtained. This study demonstrated that the pre-treated biomass of Padina sp. could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of copper(II) containing wastewater streams.     

Loofa sponge immobilized fungal biosorbent: a robust system for cadmium and other dissolved metal removal from aqueous solution

The potential of loofa sponge discs to immobilize fungal biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (a known biosorbent) was investigated as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cd(II) by immobilized and free fungal biomass from 10 to 500 mg l(-1) aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of over 19% when the biomass is immobilized (maximum biosorption capacity of 89 and 74 mg Cd(II) g(-1) biomass for immobilized and free biomass respectively at a solution pH of 6). Equilibrium was established within 1h and biosorption was well defined by the Langmuir isotherm model. The immobilized biomass could be regenerated using 50 mM HCl, with up to 99% metal recovery and reused in ten biosorption-desorption cycles without significant loss of capacity. This study suggests that such an immobilized biosorbent system has the potential to be used in the industrial removal/recovery of cadmium and other pollutant metal ions from aqueous solution.     

Simultaneous heavy metal removal mechanism by dead macrophytes

The use of dead, dried aquatic plants, for water removal of metals derived from industrial activities as a simple biosorbent material has been increasing in the last years. The mechanism of simultaneous metal removal (Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+) by 3 macrophytes biomass (Spirodela intermedia, Lemna minor and Pistia stratiotes) was investigated. L. minor biomass presented the highest mean removal percentage and P. stratiotes the lowest for all metals tested. Pb2+ and Cd2+ were more efficiently removed by the three of them. The simultaneous metal sorption data were analysed according to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Data fitted the Langmuir model only for Ni and Cd, but Freundlich isotherm for all metals tested, as it was expected. The K(F) values showed that Pb was the metal more efficiently removed from water solution. The adsorption process for the three species studied followed first order kinetics. The mechanism involved in biosorption resulted ion exchange between monovalent metals as counter ions present in the macrophytes biomass and heavy metal ions and protons taken up from water. No significant differences were observed in the metal exchange amounts while using multi-metal or individual metal solutions.     

浮游球衣菌对Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附性能研究

研究了浮游球衣菌（Sphaerotilus natans）在不同吸附条件下对溶液中Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附规律。结果表明,Sphaerotilus natans对这4种重金属离子均有一定的吸附作用,并在20min内达到吸附平衡,pH对吸附过程影响较大,pH为5.5时Sphaerotilus natans对这4种金属离子的吸附效果最好,Sphaerotilus natans对它们的吸附选择性为Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cd^2＋,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋能部分置换出已被菌体吸附的Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋。HCI和EDTA溶液可有效地将金属离子从菌体上解吸下来,解吸后的菌体可重复使用。     

Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis

To develop an efficient bio-immobilization approach for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil, a mutant species of Bacillus subtilis (B38) was obtained by ultraviolet irradiation and selection under high concentration of cadmium (Cd) in a previous study. In the present study, to check the applicability of this mutated species to the sorption and immobilization of other metals, the sorption of four heavy metals, Cd, chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), on living and nonliving B38 in single- and multiple-component systems under different conditions was investigated using batch experiments. Rapid metal binding occurred on both living and nonliving B38 during the beginning of the biosorption. The sorption kinetics followed the exponential equation for living biomass and the pseudo-first-order Lagergren model for nonliving biomass, with r ² values in the range of 0.9004-0.9933. The maximum adsorptive quantity of the heavy metals on B38 changed with the solution pH, temperature, biomass dose, and ionic strength. The nonliving biomass generally showed greater or similar adsorptive capacities as compared with the living biomass and was not likely to be affected by the solution parameters. The bacterium had a stronger affinity to the cationic heavy metals than to the anionic one, and the equilibrium sorption amounts were 210.6, 332.3, and 420.9 mg/g for Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The results of binary and ternary sorption experiments indicated that the metals with the higher sorption capacity in the single-component systems showed greater inhibitory effects on the biosorption of other metal ions in the multiple-component systems, but the sorption sites of Hg and Cd or Pb are likely to be different. The results of this study illustrated that the mutant species is a promising biosorbent for the remediation of multiple heavy metals.     

Biosorption of strontium from aqueous solution by fungus Aspergillus terreus

INTRODUCTION: The biosorption characteristics of strontium ions using fungus Aspergillus terreus were investigated. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature were studied. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION: Fungus A. terreus exhibited the highest strontium uptake capacity at 15°C at an initial strontium ion concentration of 876 mg L(-1) and an initial pH of 9. Biosorption capacity increased from 219 to 308 mg g(-1) with a decrease in temperature from 45°C to 15°C at this initial strontium concentration. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir adsorption model in the concentration range of strontium ions and at all the temperatures studied. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the experimental data in terms of biosorption dynamics showed that the biosorption of strontium onto fungus followed the pseudo-second-order dynamics well (R(2)?>?0.985). The calculated thermodynamics parameters (-1.64?相似文献   

Biosorption of Pb(II) by biomass of KC-2: kinetic, equilibrium and characteristic studies

Performance and characteristics of biosorption of Pb(II) had been studied in a batch system using the fungal strain biomass, KC-2. The biosorption performance was investigated by analysing the effects of such factors as the initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, and contact time at 303 K. The maximum Pb(II) adsorption was obtained at pH 5.0. The experimental data were described by the pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, and were closely followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to Langmuir model and the maximum biosorption capacity was 84.03 mg g(-1). The adsorption mechanism was examined by FTIR, SEM and EDAX analysis. Results indicated that carboxylic, hydroxyl and amine groups were involved in the biosorption and ion exchange mechanism existed.     

Removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) by hematite nanoparticles: effect of sorbent concentration, pH, temperature, and exhaustion

Nanoparticles offer the potential to improve environmental treatment technologies due to their unique properties. Adsorption of metal ions (Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)) to nanohematite was examined as a function of sorbent concentration, pH, temperature, and exhaustion. Adsorption experiments were conducted with 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 g/L nanoparticles in a pH 8 solution and in spiked San Antonio tap water. The adsorption data showed the ability of nanohematite to remove Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn species from solution with adsorption increasing as the nanoparticle concentration increased. At 0.5 g/L nanohematite, 100 % Pb species adsorbed, 94 % Cd species adsorbed, 89 % Cu species adsorbed and 100 % Zn species adsorbed. Adsorption kinetics for all metals tested was described by a pseudo second-order rate equation with lead having the fastest rate of adsorption. The effect of temperature on adsorption showed that Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) underwent an endothermic reaction, while Zn(II) underwent an exothermic reaction. The nanoparticles were able to simultaneously remove multiple metals species (Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu) from both a pH 8 solution and spiked San Antonio tap water. Exhaustion experiments showed that at pH 8, exhaustion did not occur for the nanoparticles but adsorption does decrease for Cd, Cu, and Zn species but not Pb species. The strong adsorption coupled with the ability to simultaneously remove multiple metal ions offers a potential remediation method for the removal of metals from water.