共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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针对近年来国内外因天然气汞中毒、汞腐蚀、汞污染等事故频发的现象,在阐述天然气中汞的形成、特性、分布及危害的基础上,参照国内外汞的控制指标,提出了固定床吸附脱汞、天然气冷却脱汞、使用防汞腐蚀涂层、定期检测和及时清除等治理措施,对气田企业含汞天然气污染防治有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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山地土壤—植物系统中汞污染问题的初步调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
调查研究表明:在山地大气、水体质量较好的环境中,柑橘(含汞量)有超标问题,其土壤汞有超背景值现象;而蔬菜土壤则无此问题,其原因可能是由于多年生植物从大气和土壤中富积微量汞的时间较一年生植物长,以及土壤中砂粒结合汞粘粒结合汞具有更高的生物活性 相似文献
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氧化改性活性炭吸附脱除游离态汞 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
煤是一种主要化石能源,燃煤烟气中汞排放引起的污染现已达到严重危害人类健康的程度,主要原因是其中的游离态汞(Hg^0)由于低熔点、高平衡蒸气压以及低水溶性而难以由传统的烟气净化装置中去除。燃煤烟气中汞的治理势在必行。本文在研究国内外含汞废气治理技术的基础上,对活性炭分别进行了浓HNO3和H2O2氧化改性,研究其对游离态汞的吸附效率和吸附等温线。结果表明,改性后的活性炭对汞的吸附能力明显增强。 相似文献
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汞的不当使用和不当排放造成了环境严重污染并危及人类健康及生态环境安全,已经成为全球性的重大问题之一。我国汞污染排放的问题也不容乐观。环保部针对焚烧烟气汞在线监测设备制定了相应的技术要求草案,为污染源汞在线监测设备提供了相应的技术要求,各类在线监测技术将广泛应用。本文介绍了目前焚烧烟气中汞的监测方法,并进行了讨论和提出了建议。 相似文献
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稀土矿中汞、铅、钍的含量特征研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
稀土在生产和排放过程中形成的原矿、精矿、尾矿和矿渣都含有一定量的汞、铅和钍。通过对各种稀土矿样中汞、铅和钍含量的测定,以及对钍放射性比活度的推算,这3种物质会对人体健康构成威胁,如处理不当会污染自然环境。生产单位应加强监测和管理,防止对人群造成危害,以及污染周边环境。 相似文献
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含汞废弃荧光灯管处理现状及分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
废弃荧光灯管中含有金属汞,属于《国家危险废物名录》中的HW29含汞废物类,随意处置会破坏环境,危害人类健康,因此必须采取合理的方法对其进行处理。综合比较后发现资源化、无害化回收金属汞是最佳的处理方法。部分发达国家通过法律和技术手段的加强实现了对废弃荧光灯管的无害化回收处理,但我国在这方面的工作尚且不足,主要存在着灯管收集难、处理成本高等问题。因此,我国需要借鉴国外的管理经验,出台有效的法规措施,同时需要不断完善处理技术和大型工程建设。在我国节能减排和环境保护形势日益严峻的大环境下,辅之以合理的管理体制和技术手段,才能实现社会效益和经济效益双赢的局面。 相似文献
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气田开发对环境的影响 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
气田开采会对地层造成破坏,引起地面下沉甚至诱发地震灾害;钻井液会对土壤、农作物、地下水造成危害;井下作业废液会对周围环境造成污染;气田水会对农作物、水生生物、地下水、人体健康造成危害;含硫的天然气净化过程排出的二氧化硫对树木、人体健康造成危害,并形成酸雨,对环境造成更大的危害。本文以四川气田及国外油气田为实例对上述危害逐一论述,这些对油气田环境保护工作者有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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川东北地区大型天然气矿藏中硫化氢含量较高,且带有高剧毒性和高腐蚀性,勘探开发难度较大。同时气田所处区域的岩土条件十分脆弱,洪涝、大风、冰雹等气候灾害经常发生,易引发泥石流、滑坡,形成地质灾害。另外气田所在地人口密度大,给勘探开发设施布局和居民安全带来很大困难。文章通过对川东北地区天然气勘探、开发过程中存在的潜在危害进行详细分析,提出风险防范技术与对策,以供参考。 相似文献
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面对当前汞污染日益严峻的趋势,分析了燃煤锅炉烟气其它污染物(如二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物)控制设施及其运行情况,结合所燃用的煤质情况,介绍了燃煤锅炉烟气汞减排各种经济实用的方法,以及选择汞排放控制措施的“抉择树”。根据燃煤锅炉烟气实际情况,确定可采用的汞减排控制技术,必要时采取活性炭喷射脱汞技术(ACI),最大限度地提高协同除汞效果。同时提出了应注重燃煤残留物中汞的二次污染问题。 相似文献
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Scott N. Hamlin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(2):255-262
ABSTRACT: Water samples for dissolved mercury require special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms. Because this acid-oxidant preservative acts as a sink for airborne mercury and plastic containers are permeable to mercury vapor, glass bottles are preferred for sample collection. To maintain a healthy work environment and minimize the potential for contamination of water samples, mercury and its compounds are isolated from the atmosphere while in storage. Concurrently, a program to monitor environmental levels of mercury vapor in areas of potential contamination is needed to define the extent of mercury contamination and to assess the effectiveness of mercury clean-up procedures. 相似文献
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Randall P Brown L Deschaine L Dimarzio J Kaiser G Vierow J 《Journal of environmental management》2004,71(1):35-43
This paper describes a systematic method for comparing options for the long-term management of surplus elemental mercury in the US, using the analytic hierarchy process as embodied in commercially available Expert Choice software. A limited scope multi-criteria decision analysis was performed. Two (2) general types of treatment technologies were evaluated (stabilization/amalgamation and selenide), combined with four (4) disposal options: (a) hazardous waste landfill; (b) hazardous waste monofill; (c) engineered below-ground structure; and (d) mined cavity. In addition, three storage options for elemental mercury were considered: (a) aboveground structure; (b) hardened structure; and (c) mined cavity. Alternatives were evaluated against criteria that included costs, environmental performance, compliance with current regulations, implementation considerations, technology maturity, potential risks to the public and workers, and public perception. Considering non-cost criteria only, the three storage options rank most favorably. If both cost and other criteria are considered, then landfill options are preferred, because they are the least expensive ones. Storage options ranked unfavorably on cost because: (a) even relatively small per annum costs will add up over time; and (b) storage is a temporary solution and, sooner or later, a treatment and disposal technology will be adopted, which adds to the cost. However, the analysis supports continued storage for a short period (up to a few decades) followed by permanent retirement when treatment technologies have matured. Suggestions for future work include: (a) involving additional stakeholders in the process, (b) evaluating alternatives for mercury-containing wastes rather than for elemental mercury only, (c) revisiting the analysis periodically to determine if changes are required, (d) conducting uncertainty analyses utilizing Monte Carlo-based techniques. 相似文献