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《资源开发与市场》2019,(4)
流域水资源系统是一个复杂的系统,各流域水资源脆弱性的产生原因和表现形式具有典型的流域分布特征。根据流域水资源脆弱性的三种重要成因,从水量短缺、水质污染、灾害防御等三个方面构建有利于原因追溯和关键脆弱性辨识的评价指标体系WSPD-VI,共18个评价指标,采用熵权—云模型相结合的模型进行流域水资源脆弱性的综合评价和关键脆弱性辨识,并对海河流域进行了实证分析。结果表明,2000—2015年海河流域的水资源脆弱性状况在逐年好转,特别是2012年实施最严格水资源管理制度以来;通过对16年的关键脆弱性等级均值进行流域关键脆弱性辨识,可看出海河流域的关键脆弱性是由水量短缺引起的,其次是水质污染和灾害防御。 相似文献
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本文研究了沱江流域水资源的开发利用问题。由于流域内水资源贫乏和开发利用程度较高,枯水期中下游区无法保证水资源的需要。随着工业的发展,沱江水质污染将日趋严重致使枯水期有限的水资源变成不能使用的污水。因此,本文较详细地研究了沱江水质保护规划。在水目标、水污染控制最优方案、总量控制标准、流域水质保护区划等方面进行了探讨,文中从水量和水质两方面着手,根据系统工程原理求得解决水资源问题的最佳方案。 相似文献
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南盘江上游水污染严重、水资源短缺,而且缺水与污染相互影响.本文以社会经济和水资源这个复杂的耦合系统为研究对象,以促进社会经济持续发展、改善水质、合理利用有限的水资源为总目标,在水污染和水资源供需现状分析、趋势预测的基础上,从水质水量综合决策出发,探讨了南盘江上游水资源的管理对策. 相似文献
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本文以自贡市水资源,水体环境污染现状资料为依据,揭示了自贡市赖 以生存发展的釜溪河因水资源短缺,水体环境污染程度大,历时长,有机污染严重等特征而形成“水量不足,水质不好”的突出矛盾,论述了自贡市因缺水而严重地制约着社会,经济的发展,造成近期损失工业产值的12亿元,预计到2000年将损失工业产值25亿元左右。针对自汞市存在的水体环境问题,提出了尽快建议小井沟水库,增大釜溪河堰闸梯级开发调蓄能力的开源方案。系统协调污染物发生系统,承纳系统,治理系统,以推行污染物总量控制的污染防治措施,以及采取生物工程防治措施,促进流域生态系统良性循环等宏观控制对策。 相似文献
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梁子湖流域水环境功能区划及水质现状分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
“水是生命之源,生产之本。”近几十年来,由于人类活动对自然界的影响越来越大,水环境的污染问题也越来越突出,其造成的危害和影响越来越受到人们的关注。水资源总量是有限的,因此合理的规划开发利用水资源显得尤为重要。本文针对梁子湖流域存在的水环境水质恶化的问题,依据其水环境功能区划,通过对水质现状的监测,利用透明度、DO、BOD、COD、NH3-N、TP六个指标作为梁子湖水质研究的主要水质指标,并对监测结果进行分析,依据其检测结果进行流域控制单元的划分,同时加强水质管理,从而达到优化梁子湖流域水环境区划功能的目的,并对做好水资源保护工作有着重要的现实指导意义。 相似文献
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黄山市新安江流域水环境质量评价与管理措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
新安江是我国江南跨省级行政区的一条重要河流,其水质和水量对下游浙江省的生态安全和资源支持具有重要作用。针对安徽省黄山市境内新安江流域内存在的主要水环境问题,采用尼梅罗水质指数和超标加权法对新安江流域水环境质量进行了评价和分析。结果表明,新安江流域水环境质量整体较好,达到Ⅱ、Ⅲ类标准,大部分河段均能满足地表水环境功能要求;下游河段水质略差,但符合地表水Ⅲ类标准。在此基础上,提出了新安江流域水环境管理措施。 相似文献
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湖泊蓝藻水华数字化预警系统构建探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
构造湖泊蓝藻水华数字化预警系统是我国湖泊水环境管理的一个重要方向。本文探讨了构建湖泊蓝藻水华数字化预警系统的若干技术问题,包括:(1)数字化预警数学模式。提出需重视流域尺度的氮磷营养物和沉积动态输入以及营养物、沉积物对水生态结构动力过程的影响,建立非点源模型和湖泊生态结构动力学模型相耦合的预警数学模型模式;在此基础上提出了各种数学模型的可借鉴模式。(2)湖泊蓝藻水华预警监测技术。总结了常规水质监测的数据筛选方法,探讨了遥感技术和实时传输监测技术在水质监测中的应用模式,提出了实时监测和遥感监测需解决的技术难题和实现方法。(3)湖泊蓝藻数字化预警系统的设计。提出了数学模型系统、水质监控系统的网络化集成设计模式,提出了基于网络化地理信息系统的计算机应用软件实现模式。 相似文献
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Frederic O. Sargent Frank J. Zayac 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1977,13(2):365-372
ABSTRACT: In order to plan for land use in a lake basin to maintain or improve lake water quality, municipal planners need a method of evaluating lakeshore and watershed land use that is technically sound, objective, reasonably quick, and cheap enough to be incorporated into their time and dollar budgets. Such a system is presented. It consists of measuring and rating four lakeshore land use characteristics (type of sewage disposal system, lot size, road proximity, and intensity of public use areas), and three upland watershed land use characteristics (intensity of development, forest cover, and agriculture and open space). These seven characteristics are measured, rated, and then combined to provide a two-digit index number. This number, when compared with the indexes of other lakes in the region and interpreted with assistance from officials of the State Health and Water Resources Department, indicates on a relative basis the degree to which various land uses are contributing to accelerated, cultural eutrophication. Interpretation of the index suggests land use controls necessary to improve lake water. It supplements, and should be used with, an index of lake vulnerability to accelerated eutrophication and a comparative measure of present water quality. 相似文献
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Adverse Effects on Alfeios River Basin and an Integrated Management Framework Based on Sustainability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The Alfeios River, the longest and highest flow-rate river in Peloponnisos, constitutes an important water resource and ecosystem in Greece. In the present study, human activities in the Alfeios River Basin are described, and their impacts on water quality and the ecosystem are analyzed; effects resulting from interventions on river geomorphology between Flokas Dam and the river delta are determined. These actions have caused significant adverse impacts on the infrastructure (the dam, railroad, and road bridges), the level of aquifer water table and area water uses, and the aquatic and riparian ecosystem. A general integrated management strategy is formulated and a master management plan is proposed for resolving management problems in river basins. The plan considers local conditions and national requirements and complies with the European Communities legislation; it would help prevent further basin deterioration, improve water quality, and protect water resources and ecosystems in the area in accordance to sustainable development. The Alfeios River Basin serves as a case study in the development of the plan.Published online
Note: This version was published online in June 2005 with the cover date of August 2004. 相似文献
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Frederic O. Sargent Philip R. Berke E. Bennette Henson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(2):496-505
ABSTRACT: Six new techniques have been developed for lake watershed analysis and water resource management. The techniques are for determining: (1) watershed land use intensity with reference to water quality, (2) lake vulnerability, (3) water quality, (4) watershed carrying capacity, (5) the economic value of the lake, and (6) the potential of undeveloped lake-shore. These analyses are designed for use by rural planning commissions with guidance and assistance from state agencies and the state university. The comprehensive rural watershed land and water use plan developed by this procedure is inexpensive in time and money, understandable by the layman, and scientificially sound. It is based on presently available information. This water resource planning procedure has been demonstrated in several town planning projects. It is suggested that this method, or modification of it, could be adopted in all rural states by action by a few administrators and without any new enabling or appropriations legislation. 相似文献
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基于熵权的巢湖水生态健康模糊综合评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在对巢湖水生态状况深入调查研究的基础上,确立了湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系,确定了各指标健康等级的阙值范围,建立了基于熵权的湖库水生态健康模糊综合评价模型。并选取1980年巢湖的水质和水生态数据作为本底值。运用熵权法对2000~2005年整个湖泊生态系统的健康状况进行了客观评价,结果表明2004—2005年巢湖水生态系统均处于较差健康状态。本方法的计算结果表明采用熵权综合健康指数法对其进行生态系统健康评价具有很好的可靠性和实用性。最后根据实际提出了湖库水生态安全综合管理对策。 相似文献
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Mohan Munasinghe 《Natural resources forum》1990,14(3):193-209
This paper focuses on improving efficiency in the water and sewerage sectors through long-run marginal cost pricing, adjusted for financial needs, externalities, second best considerations, lifeline tariffs and cross subsidization within an integrated water resource planning (IWRP) framework. Supply efficiency suggests that for a given price structure, an optimal long-run investment plan and a corresponding level of supply quality should be determined which maximizes net social benefits. Supply efficiency also requires efficient operation of the water system, including optimization of losses. 相似文献
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Jonathan I. Eisen‐Hecht Randall A. Kramer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(2):453-465
ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to perform a cost‐benefit analysis of maintaining the current level of water quality in the Catawba River basin. Economic benefits were estimated using a stated preference survey method designed to value respondents' willingness to pay for a management plan to protect water quality in the Catawba basin over time. From the surveys conducted with 1,085 area residents, we calculated an annual mean willingness to pay of $139 for the management plan, or more than $75.4 million for all taxpayers in the area. Over the five‐year time horizon in which respondents were asked to pay for the management plan, this resulted in a total economic benefit of $340.1 million. The Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework model was used to estimate the amount of management activities needed to protect the current level of water quality in the basin over time. Based on the model results, the total cost of the management plan was calculated to be $244.8 million over a ten‐year period. The resulting cost‐benefit analysis indicated that the potential benefits of this management plan would outweigh the costs by more than $95 million. 相似文献
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Toward Integrated Environmental Management for Challenges in Water Environmental Protection of Lake Taihu Basin in China 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China. It serves many social, economic, and ecological purposes in the
drainage basin. Unfortunately, the water has been heavily polluted due to rapid industrialization and urbanization during
the last two decades. Notwithstanding great efforts made so far to improve the water quality, the environmental situation
is still far from being optimistic. The basin and the lake are facing a range of severe environmental challenges: rapid socio-economic
development continues to place great pressures on the environment, current pollution control projects have many problems from
the viewpoint of effectiveness and efficiency of their implementations, and the non-point sources of pollution such as agricultural
fields, for which control is more difficult than for industrial point sources, have become the main contributors to serious
eutrophication of the lake. Considering the characteristics of the environmental challenges and problems confronting the basin
and the lake, we focus on integrated environmental management (IEM) as a promising and effective approach to overcome these
predicaments. Current practices and problems of environmental management in the basin are examined, and potential future developments
are discussed. Three aspects of the IEM are emphasized: institutional cooperation, public participation, and internalization
of environmental externalities. We think these are the most critical for not only the basin but also for the whole of China
to achieve a sustainable society. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been successfully integrated with distributed parameter, single-event, water quality models such as AGNPS (AGricultural NonPoint Source) and ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed Environmental Response Simulation). These linkages proved to be an effective way to collect, manipulate, visualize, and analyze the input and output date of water quality models. However, for continuous-time, basin large-scale water quality models, collecting and manipulating the input data are more time-consuming and cumbersome due to the method of disaggregation (subdivisions are based on topographic boundaries). SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a basin-scale water quality model, was integrated with a GIS to extract input data for modeling a basin. This paper discusses the detailed development of the integration of the SWAT water quality model with GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS, along with an application and advantages. The integrated system was applied to simulated a 114 sq. km upper portion of the Seco Creek Basin by subdividing it into 37 subbasins. The average monthly predicted streamflw is in agreement with measured monthly streamflw values. 相似文献