城市生活垃圾处理工艺探讨

通过对目前城市生活垃圾处理方式的分析，提出了新的垃圾处理工艺流程。     

新型垃圾衍生燃料制备工艺

介绍了一项新型垃圾衍生燃料RDF制备技术。该技术通过改变现有焚烧炉工作状况入手,利用专有技术对南方高湿混合生活垃圾进行预处理制成衍生燃料后再进行焚烧,降低了垃圾焚烧处理对原料、热值及水分的要求,提高了焚烧法处理垃圾的适用范围,减少了能耗及成本,提高了处理能力和热能输出,极大降低了焚烧尾气所造成的二次污染,实现了重要技术突破。     

紫甘薯酒发酵工艺条件研究

探讨了紫甘薯酒的主要发酵工艺,采用正交试验法对紫甘薯酒的发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明,发酵液pH和酵母接种量是影响主发酵的主要因素,温度为次要因素;在最优发酵参数发酵液pH 3.8、酵母接种量3%、发酵温度18℃的条件下,可得到澄清透亮、口感较好的紫甘薯酒。     

城市生活垃圾处理工艺探讨

通过对目前城市生活垃圾处理方式的分析,提出了新的垃圾处理工艺流程。     

城市生活垃圾处理工艺探讨

通过对目前城市生活垃圾处理方式的分析,提出了新的垃圾处理工艺流程.     

处理城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的工艺及设备

由北京市肇瞵环境技术开发公司开发的处理城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的工艺及设备，适用于城市生活垃圾压缩填埋渗滤液处理、高浓度有机废水处理、高氨氮废水处理。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施关键工艺的操作方法

运用深圳市市政环卫综合处理厂十几年来的运行经验和科研成果，探讨、分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施稳定运行的关键工艺，阐明系统稳定运行的重要工艺环节，并详细说明工艺的操作方法。     

高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾处理城市生活垃圾过程中的部分微生物学

本文描述了高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾过程中的微生物生态学过程。多种微生物分别在不同阶段参与了垃圾堆肥的发酵腐熟过程。论述了垃圾发酵期间,人工接种功能微生物菌剂可以加速堆肥材料的发酵腐熟作用,缩短发酵周期,节省城市生活垃圾处理的运行成本。     

热解气化焚烧发电——垃圾处理的清洁生产工艺

本文介绍了城市垃圾热解气化焚烧发电工艺和特点，认为应大力推广。     

城市垃圾和污水脱水污泥、排水管污泥混合堆肥工艺研究

城市垃圾和污水脱水污染、排水管污泥已成为现代城市污染的主要总是。由于这些废弃物中有机物质的含量较高,因此可以利用堆肥的方法来进行处理,使其转化为农田的有机肥料,本文用城市生活垃圾和污水处理厂污泥、排水管污泥混合进行堆肥的研究。     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺综述

城市垃圾对环境的影响越来越严重,垃圾填埋导致垃圾渗滤液的大量产生,渗滤液中含有大量的有机物、大量的病菌、病毒、寄生虫等以及一些有毒有害的物质,若渗滤液不加以妥善处理、肆意排放,必将对地下水、地表水构成严重威胁,因此垃圾渗滤液的有效处理就成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文对城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理工艺进行了分析和探讨,介绍了国内外垃圾渗滤液处理的主要技术,包括土地处理法、生物法和物化法,并对电解法处理垃圾渗滤液进行了详细的介绍。     

塑料和橡胶类废弃物的热物理特性及焚烧特性的研究

塑料和橡胶类的废弃物是城市垃圾的重要组成。本文在新式焚烧炉中对它们的焚烧特性、污染特性进行了研究。这将有助于进一步优化新型转式焚烧炉，完善低染、低腐蚀、低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺。     

高温好氧垃圾堆肥中人工接种初步研究

本文筛选比较了６２５株细菌、１５３株霉菌、２７株放线菌对果胶、淀粉、纤维素和半纤维素的降解能力。选用了降解能力和抗逆能力均强的芽孢杆菌「ＨＢ（３５）０５」、霉菌「Ｍ（２１）０１」和放线菌「ＨＡ（３２）０１」各１株作为种子,进行了人工接种堆肥试验,试验表明,接种１．５％能缩短发酵时间１６ｈ。     

Is Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Economically Efficient?

It has traditionally been argued that recycling municipal solid waste (MSW) is usually not economically viable and that only when externalities, long-term dynamic considerations, and/or the entire product life cycle are taken into account, recycling becomes worthwhile from a social point of view. This article explores the results of a wide study conducted in Israel in the years 2000–2004. Our results reveal that recycling is optimal more often than usually claimed, even when externality considerations are ignored. The study is unique in the tools it uses to explore the efficiency of recycling: a computer-based simulation applied to an extensive database. We developed a simulation for assessing the costs of handling and treating MSW under different waste-management systems and used this simulation to explore possible cost reductions obtained by designating some of the waste (otherwise sent to landfill) to recycling. We ran the simulation on data from 79 municipalities in Israel that produce over 60% of MSW in Israel. For each municipality, we were able to arrive at an optimal method of waste management and compare the costs associated with 100% landfilling to the costs born by the municipality when some of the waste is recycled. Our results indicate that for 51% of the municipalities, it would be efficient to adopt recycling, even without accounting for externality costs. We found that by adopting recycling, municipalities would be able to reduce direct costs by an average of 11%. Through interviews conducted with representatives of municipalities, we were also able to identify obstacles to the utilization of recycling, answering in part the question of why actual recycling levels in Israel are lower than our model predicts they should be.     

南京市生活垃圾现状及综合处理对策研究

根据采样结果与统计分析,文章总结了南京市生活垃圾的现状,以及其产量和组成特性的变化趋势。城市生活垃圾处理是一个复杂的系统工程,任何单一的处置措施都无法满足。针对现实处理,过程中存在的问题,作者提出了生活垃圾的综合方案,即以设施为依托,以技术为核心,以市场为动力的设施－技术－市场三位一体综合方案。     

高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾过程中的部份微生物学问题

本文描述了高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾过程中的微生物生态学过程。多种微生物分别在不同阶段参与了垃圾堆肥的发酵腐熟过程。论述了垃圾发酵期间 ,人工接种功能微生物菌剂可以加速堆肥材料的发酵腐熟作用 ,缩短发酵周期 ,节省城市生活垃圾处理的运行成本。     

含汞固废(危废)焙烧过程汞的迁移及治理技术研究

本文通过试验,阐明了舍汞固废（危废）焙烧过程中汞的迁移情况,并得到了焙烧治理技术的最佳工艺参数为：焙烧温度600℃、焙烧时间5h、炉内压力-50Pa—100Pa;焙烧后固废中残留汞含量小于0．0015％;汞回收率达95％左右。     

Household Demand for Waste Recycling Services

Municipalities everywhere are coping with increasing amounts of solid waste and need urgently to formulate efficient and sustainable solutions to the problem. This study examines the use of economic incentives in municipal waste management. Specifically, we address the issue of recycling, if and when this waste management option is—on social welfare grounds—a preferred solution.A number of studies have recently assessed the monetary value of the externalities of alternative solid waste management options. In the present context, these subsidies could be interpreted as the implicit value of the benefits from reducing environmental externalities associated with landfilling as perceived by local government authorities. We surmise that the difference between mean households willingness to pay (WTP) for recycling services, via the purchase of a subsidized waste disposal facility, and the above (proxy) value of externalities reflects the difference between private and public perception regarding the negative externality associated with landfilling. We believe that this information is useful in determining the level of subsidization needed (if at all) to sustain any recycling program.The study is unique in the sense that its conclusions are based on revealed household behavior when faced with increased disposal costs, as well as information on WTP responses in hypothetical but related (and, therefore, familiar) scenarios. The article also explores the influence of the subsidization schemes on recycling rates. It was found that with low levels of effort needed to participate in a curbside recycling program, households participation rates are mainly influenced by economic variables and age, and households are willing to pay a higher price for the recycling scheme. When the required effort level is relatively high, however, households would pay a lower price, and the rate is influenced mainly by their environmental commitment and by economic considerations. We found that in both cases a subsidy would be required in order to achieve an efficient level of recycling. The median price that households are willing to pay for recycling devices is found to be about NIS 370 (New Israeli Shekel, approximately $90).     

Environmental and economic aspects of production and utilization of RDF as alternative fuel in cement plants: A case study of Metro Vancouver Waste Management

Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal and management is one of the most significant challenges faced by urban communities around the world. Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) over the years has utilized many sophisticated technologies and smart strategies. Municipalities worldwide have pursued numerous initiatives to reduce the environmental burden of the MSW treatment strategies. One of the most beneficial MSWM strategies is the thermal treatment or energy recovery to obtain cleaner renewable energy from waste. Among many waste-to-energy strategies, refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a solid recovered fuel that can be used as a substitute for conventional fossil fuel. The scope of this study is to investigate the feasibility of RDF production with MSW generated in Metro Vancouver, for co-processing in two cement kilns in the region. This study investigates environmental impacts and benefits and economic costs and profits of RDF production. In addition, RDF utilization as an alternative fuel in cement kilns has been assessed. Cement manufacturing has been selected as one of the most environmentally challenged industries and as a potential destination for RDF to replace a portion of conventional fossil fuels with less energy-intensive fuel. A comprehensive environmental assessment is conducted using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. In addition, cost–benefit analysis (CBA) has been carried out to study the economic factors. This research confirmed that RDF production and use in cement kilns can be environmentally and economically viable solution for Metro Vancouver.