家用电器的辐射危害及防护

生活水平越来越高的一个标志,就是家用电器的使用越来越普及。手机、电视、电脑、微波炉,被我们的家庭频繁地使用着。但是,在享受各类电器为生活带来便捷舒适的同时,我们是否注意到家电带来的电磁辐射产生的危害？各类电器都有哪些危害？日常生活中有哪些简单实用的办法可以防护电磁辐射的危害？     

电磁辐射对环境的污染及防护措施

电磁辐射对环境的污染已引起人们的重视 ,早在 196 9就被联合国人类环境会议列为必须严格控制的现代公害之一。论述了电磁辐射的来源、危害及减少电磁辐射是对环境污染的防护措施。对全面了解电磁辐射对环境造成的污染及危害 ,提高自我防护意识具有参考价值     

电磁辐射的危害与防护

介绍了电磁辐射的分类、传播,电磁污染的来源,简述了电磁污染的现状及电磁辐射的危害,分析了辐射污染程度的测试和电磁辐射危害人体的机理,最后提出了电磁辐射的防护措施.     

电磁辐射防护技术实验室

正北京市劳动保护科学研究所电磁辐射防护技术实验室拥有德国Albatross Projects建造的半电波暗室、功放室及控制室各一个,配备有先进的矢量网络分析仪、频谱仪、环境和职业暴露现场电磁辐射测试设备数十台。主要业务:1.电磁辐射防护材料和服装的屏蔽效能检测;材料的复数介电常数和磁导率、损耗正切、S参数等性能检测。2.电磁辐射环境污染和职业危害现场检测及防护治理。3.各种电磁环境的仿真软件开发、电磁防护材料的吸收和屏蔽效能的仿真软件开发。     

大学生受电脑电磁辐射的研究

为了研究大学生受电脑电磁辐射的实际状况,采用EMR300电磁辐射分析仪,对电脑电磁辐射在100kHz～3GHz的电场强度值(V/m),进行了实验室研究性监测和宿舍、机房内的现场监测.监测的结果表明:宿舍中心处电磁辐射环境强度(100kHz～3GHz频率范围内的综合电场强度)低于0.5V/m;距离显示器屏幕前方0.4m以上操作电脑,则眼睛处辐射强度在安全值内.而目前,机房内台式电脑按行紧密摆放,前排电脑操作者后脑正对后一排电脑显示器突出的后部处,在后脑处辐射强度可超过10V/m;此外,学生宿舍空间拥挤,鼠标、键盘通常与显示器近距离摆放在一起,造成显示器辐射与键盘、鼠标自身辐射叠加,导致在键盘和鼠标处手掌受到的辐射强度大,不容忽视.     

大学生人群手机电磁辐射监测与分析

为研究大学生的手机电磁辐射暴露程度,针对手机的3种使用状态(通话、发短信、上网),用TES-593电磁波污染强度计系统地监测了36部手机,监测点代表耳朵、眼睛和手所在处.结果表明,所有监测值均符合国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)的参考水平.3种使用状态下的手机电磁辐射辐射强度大小依次为通话、发短信、上网;在室内通话、发短信和上网状态下,2G手机近背面的平均电场强度依次为15.27 V/m、11.43 V/m和9.57 V/m;手机在室内通话状态下的电场强度大于室外通话状态下的电场强度,2G手机在这两种状态下,听筒处的平均电场强度分别为16.00 V/m、9.46 V/m.多数手机室内通话电场强度容易超过GB 8702-88《电磁辐射防护规定》的参考值.手机发短信、上网时的辐射强度随距离增大而减小,一般情况下不会超过《电磁辐射防护规定》的参考值.     

操作电脑对健康的影响

世界卫生组织公布的资料显示，80年代以来全球各地发现36种新病症，电脑操作引起的不良反映就是其中之一，医学调查发现，在电脑操作间里，电磁辐射、光照不适、小气候不良、负氧离子减少、噪声污染以及电子设备污染等因素，正在缓慢而无情地损害着人们的健康，出现了一些因操作电脑而引发的病症。电脑综合症主要表现为电脑操作人员常常出现头晕、头痛、呕吐、眼胀、失眠、食欲不振等症状。美国的一项调查表明，每天使用屏幕显示器超过3个小时的人，出现上述症状是一般人的3倍多。如果电脑中的微波影响了人的中枢神经系统，则会出现一些神经…     

电磁辐射对人体健康的危害

随着现代科技的高速发展,一种 看不见、模不着的污染源日益受到各界 的关注,这就是被人们称为“稳形杀手” 的电磁辐射。今天,越来越多的电子、 通信设备投入使用,使得各种频率的不 同能量的电磁波充斥着地球的每一个角 落乃至更加广阔的宇宙空间,电磁辐射 对人的影响程度与辐射强度、频率、作 用时间、环境等因素有关,辐射强度越 大、作用于人体的时间越长、频率越高, 影响就越大。一定程度的电磁辐射对人 体的伤害已成定论,是危害人类健康的 大敌。     

电磁辐射对人体健康的危害

随着现代科技的高速发展,一种看不见、模不着的污染源日益受到各界的关注,这就是被人们称为"稳形杀手"的电磁辐射.今天,越来越多的电子、通信设备投入使用,使得各种频率的不同能量的电磁波充斥着地球的每一个角落乃至更加广阔的宇宙空间,电磁辐射对人的影响程度与辐射强度、频率、作用时间、环境等因素有关,辐射强度越大、作用于人体的时间越长、频率越高,影响就越大.一定程度的电磁辐射对人体的伤害已成定论,是危害人类健康的大敌.     

家具企业喷涂过程呼吸防护技术应用研究

随着家具行业持续高速发展和从业人数的不断增加,家具企业职业危害的严峻性也日益突显,职业危害预防、控制也越来越受重视。喷涂作为家具表面处理的重要工艺,其作业过程产生的漆雾和挥发性有机化合物更是直接威胁到职工的健康安全。基于对家具企业喷漆作业场所的有毒、有害因素分析研究的基础上,从个体职业危害防护的角度,提出适用于家具企业喷漆过程的固定式长管呼吸装置防护技术,加强对家具企业职工喷漆作业的劳动保护,实现职业危害的预防控制。     

Self-reported wrist and finger symptoms associated with other physical/mental symptoms and use of computers/mobile phones

Recently, computer, mobile phone and Internet use has increased. This study aimed to determine the possible relation between self-reported wrist and finger symptoms (aches, pain or numbness) and using computers/mobile phones, and to analyze how the symptoms are specifically associated with utilizing desktop computers, portable computers or mini-computers and mobile phones. A questionnaire was sent to 15,000 working-age Finns (age 18–65). Via a questionnaire, 723 persons reported wrist and finger symptoms often or more with use. Over 80% use mobile phones daily and less than 30% use desktop computers or the Internet daily at leisure, e.g., over 89.8% quite often or often experienced pain, numbness or aches in the neck, and 61.3% had aches in the hips and the lower back. Only 33.7% connected their symptoms to computer use. In the future, the development of new devices and Internet services should incorporate the ergonomics of the hands and wrists.     

Physical symptoms in young adults and their use of different computers and mobile phones

This paper presents the use of new technical equipment by young adults (30 years old or younger), and the physical symptoms they have. The paper then analyses how the symptoms are associated with the use of computers and mobile phones, taking into account the background information. The study is based on a survey of 15 000 working-age (18-65) Finns. The responses (1563) covering young adults' physical symptoms were analysed. Altogether 53.3% of all young adults had pretty often or more frequently pain, numbness or aches in the neck and 32.2% had aches in the hip and lower back. Women experienced more pain, numbness or aches in the neck (65.0%) than men (34.5%). The use of different computers at leisure quite often had an association with some symptoms in different parts of the body. In addition, exhaustion at work had associations with some physical symptoms. In the future, it is essential to note ergonomic reasons and exhaustion at work when young adults experience pain, numbness or aches.     

Physical Symptoms in Young Adults and Their Use of Different Computers and Mobile Phones

This paper presents the use of new technical equipment by young adults (30 years old or younger), and the physical symptoms they have. The paper then analyses how the symptoms are associated with the use of computers and mobile phones, taking into account the background information. The study is based on a survey of 15000 working-age ( 18-65) Finns. The responses (1563) covering young adults’ physical symptoms were analysed. Altogether 53.3% of all young adults had pretty often or more frequently pain, numbness or aches in the neck and 32.2% had aches in the hip and lower back. Women experienced more pain, numbness or aches in the neck (65.0%) than men (34.5%). The use of different computers at leisure quite often had an association with some symptoms in different parts of the body. In addition, exhaustion at work had associations with some physical symptoms. In the future, it is essential to note ergonomic reasons and exhaustion at work when young adults experience pain, numbness or aches.     

White-collar workers' self-reported physical symptoms associated with using computers

The aim of our work was to study the physical symptoms of upper- and lower-level white-collar workers using a questionnaire. The study was cross-sectional with a questionnaire posted to 15 000 working-age persons. The responses (6121) included 970 upper- and 1150 lower-level white-collar workers. In the upper- and lower-level white-collar worker groups, 45.7 and 56.0%, respectively, had experienced pain, numbness and aches in the neck either pretty often or more frequently. When comparing daily computer users and nonusers, there were significant differences in pain, numbness and aches in the neck or in the shoulders. In addition, age and gender influenced some physical symptoms. In the future, it is essential to take into account that working with computers can be especially associated with physical symptoms in the neck and in the shoulders when workers use computers daily.     

Mental Symptoms and the Use of New Technical Equipment

The aim of this paper was to present how mental symptoms are connected to the use of desktop, portable or minicomputers (communicators and hand-held computers), mobile phones, and background information such as age and gender in the Finnish working-age population. The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study by posting a questionnaire to 15 000 working-age (18-65) Finns. The mental symptoms of 6121 respondents were analysed using the model factors age, gender, the use of computers and the use of mobile phones. In all data, the use of desktop computers was related to mental symptoms. However, the results of our data are not highly reliable, because the nonresponse rate was over 50%. Nevertheless, it may be essential to take into account in the future that working with computers can increase workers’ mental symptoms, and it is important to observe their mental health.     

城市电磁波辐射污染监测及防护

电磁波辐射不仅对通信、无线电管理、电器设备的正常工作有许多干扰,而且对生物体也有严重的影响。为了更有效地避免因射频、微波等高频电磁场对城市居民身心健康的危害,进行城市电磁波辐射水平的监测与评价,并为此采取相应的防护措施是十分必要的。在1990年,用我国研制的电磁环境辐射监测仪对厦门、漳州两城市的电磁波辐射污染进行了测试和评价,为我国各大中城市进行电磁波辐射污染测试和评估提供了切实可行的方法。     

计算机局域网络保密措施

随着计算机的普及 ,局域网络越来越广为利用 ,但也出现了相应的失密问题。本文从信息及实体两个方面 ,论述了局域网络的保密措施。     

A model for occupational injury risk assessment of musculoskeletal discomfort and their frequencies in computer users

Occupational injuries pose a major problem in workplaces where computers are widely used. Intensive, repetitive and long period computer use results in costly health problems (direct cost), and lost productivity (indirect cost). Yet, the effect of musculoskeletal discomfort and their frequencies associated with the use of computers have not received considerable attention. This paper presents the findings of a risk assessment model through a scientific research to determine the effect of discomfort factors that contribute to musculoskeletal disorders resulting from intensive use of computers in the workplaces. In this context a questionnaire was given to 130 intensive computer users working in the university sector. A list of significant predictor variables for musculoskeletal disorders was developed to assess and analyze workplace ergonomics, worker attitudes and experiences on computer keyboard and mouse. The main focus of the current research is to seek and provide evidence that symptoms of musculoskeletal discomfort and the frequency of these symptoms are significant in the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). This study provides the evidence that, ache and pain are the most common types of discomforts in all body regions. The discomforts were more pronounced at neck, shoulder, upper back, hand/wrist, and lower back regions. The risk factors determined by the risk assessment model were validated through ANOVA of the sEMG records for the control and test groups. The findings indicated that for each test group respondent, the mean musculoskeletal strain experienced differs in time, but the same is not true for the control group.     

e-JIKEI Network using e-JIKEI Cameras: Community security using considerable number of cheap stand-alone cameras

The e-JIKEI Network, a concept for realizing a safer and more comfortable community, and the e-JIKEI Camera, a stand-alone camera developed for the e-JIKEI Network, are reviewed. The concept of the e-JIKEI Network is that residents view their surroundings using cheap cameras, which act as their eyes, and home computers, which act as their brains, using the free software provided by us through the Internet. For the complete protection of the privacy of ordinary citizens, we propose a second concept supporting the concept of the e-JIKEI Network; in this concept, those who own and manage images (owners) and those who have the right to view these images (viewers) are separated by means of image encryption. Since 2004, the “Dairi-EYE” series, a free software for a personal computer (PC)-based system, has been distributed through our website. However, the use of PCs is not very user-friendly. Therefore, an all-in-one device called the “e-JIKEI Camera” has been developed. A social experiment of the e-JIKEI Network using e-JIKEI Cameras has been carried out.     

电磁辐射危害现状及对策的研究

本文着重讨论了工厂射频设备对操作人员的危害和防治对策。具体研究内容包括射频设备电磁辐射对操作人员危害的调查;射频设备场强分布规律的研究;采用系统工程方法,建立数学模型对全国射频设备和从事作业人员进行测算;提出防治电磁辐射危害的对策。调查和测试了全国150多个单位,运用模糊数学理论,将测得的3.5万个数据用计算机进行处理,得出全国现有射频设备总台数和从事射频作业人员数。通过研究找出了今后防治重点和解决电磁辐射危害的宏观对策。