生物过滤技术在大气污染控制中的应用

生物过滤技术是一项新兴的废气污染治理技术,正在逐步得到应用,本文主要介绍了生物过滤技术处理废气的使用范围,操作的基本原理及目前的应用情况,并且预测今后的发展方向.     

生物过滤技术在恶臭污染治理中的应用研究

利用生物技术治理恶臭污染是一项有效经济的环境友好技术,生物技术目前正成为一种处理各种废气的有效的选择.研究了生物过滤技术在不同恶臭环境中的应用效果,分析了应用过程中出现的一些问题,介绍了生物过滤技术治理恶臭气体的原理和过程.研究结果表明,生物过滤设备在生活污水厂和垃圾压缩站具有理想的恶臭净化效果,但不能满足挥发性有机废气的净化需求,仍然需要工艺的改进和完善.     

挥发性有机废气净化技术研究进展

综述了微波催化氧化、膜基吸收净化、生物过滤净化和纳米材料净化对废气中的挥发性有机化合物的研究进展及应用。     

挥发性有机废气净化技术研究进展

综述了微波催化氧化、膜基吸收净化、生物过滤净化和纳米材料净化对废气中的挥发性有机化合物的研究进展及应用     

生物过滤塔处理实验室废气

研究了生物过滤塔处理实验室排放的模拟混合废气,考察了反应器对苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和甲烷等废气的去除效果。运行结果表明,在设备稳定运行期间,进气中总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)的浓度为124～380 mg/m3,而出气浓度在10～40 mg/m3,去除效率保持在85%以上。实验室废气中的多种污染物在生物过滤塔中去除机理不同,亲水性污染物的去除效率高于疏水性污染物。通过系统关停后重启,污染物的去除效果在第2天就能恢复,这为生物过滤塔处理实验室废气过程的停运检修或者系统闲置提供了可行性。     

生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺处理汽车喷漆废气中试研究

采用中试规模的生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺设备处理某汽车厂喷漆车间废气,研究了组合式反应器对废气的净化效果和2处理单元对污染组分的去除能力及微生物特性.该汽车厂喷漆车间废气中的主要组分为甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁醇、丙酮和甲基丙基甲酮.组合式反应器对废气中的污染物有较好的处理效果,但不同的污染组分在不同处理单元...     

铵态氮对生物过滤塔甲烷净化性能的影响及其微生物学机理

氮源是生物过滤塔高效稳定净化甲烷(CH4)废气的关键因素,然而关于畜禽养殖废水中铵氮是否可以作为除CH4生物过滤塔氮源以及相应的作用机制尚不明晰。启动并成功运行2个生物过滤塔BF＿no (对照,无氮源)和BF＿A (铵态氮为氮源),比较分析了不同停留时间(EBRT)下,2个生物过滤塔的CH4净化性能,并采用宏基因组技术解析了铵态氮影响生物过滤塔CH4净化性能的微生物学机理。结果表明,生物过滤塔BF＿A的CH4去除性能优于生物过滤塔BF＿no,当EBRT为44 min时,BF＿A的CH4去除效率稳定在80%以上,而生物过滤塔BF＿no的CH4去除效率不足70%。宏基因组分析结果表明：BF＿no和BF＿A具有显著不同的微生物群落结构,其中硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)是生物过滤塔BF＿A中的特有菌属。生物过滤塔BF＿A中与硝化过程相关的amoA和hao基因,以及与CH4氧化相关的fae、mtdA和fmdA基因相对丰度均显著高于BF＿no (P≤0.05),证明以铵态氮为氮源的生物过滤塔BF＿A中不仅具有较高的硝化能力,还具有较高的CH4氧化能力。本研究结果可为生物过滤法净化畜禽养殖...     

用生物过滤器减少废气排放

近年来,在一大批工厂中均选用生物过滤器减少大气污染物的排放,尤其用在净化含气味大的有机成份的废气上。一般来说,这种方法适宜在农业生产(养殖业)、净化装置以及植物和动物原料的加工业范围内使用。使用生物过滤器无论是净化工业废气还是其它类型废气均可以得到既有效又经济的结果。本文建立在对净化废气的体积流量达200,000立方米/小时的60个生物过滤装置从规划、安装到运转的大量实际经验的基础上。 1.引言 继以有效吸附原理为基础的土壤和肥料     

基于屋面绿化工程的油烟废气生物处理研究

利用自主筛选驯化的菌株,自制模拟屋面绿化工程的生物填料塔反应器,以屋面绿化工程中的营养土、绿色植物为天然生物材料,通过营养土和植物组成的生物过滤系统对油烟废气进行生物处理研究。考察了反应温度、气体停留时间、入口浓度、进气流量和营养液循环量等对油烟废气去除效果的影响。结果表明,当反应温度为33℃左右、停留时间为30 s、入口油烟废气小于3.0 mg/L、进气流量为0.8 L/h、营养液循环量为5 L/h时,对油烟废气有很好的去除效果,去除率可达到90%以上。     

有机废气的生物处理

有机废气的处理是大气污染控制的一个重要方面。目前处理有机废气的主要方法有吸收法、吸附法和催化燃烧法三种,但前两种方法因吸附剂或吸收剂需要再生,故工艺复杂;后一种方法则运行费较高。因此,目前需要发展新的有机废气处理方法和技术。应用生物法处理有机废气正是在这种要求下受到人们重视和进行研究的。废水的生物处理早在一百多年以前就已成为一项确认的技术,而研究利用微生物处理废气的历史则要短得多。较早的报道见于1957年     

Biofiltration: an innovative air pollution control technology for VOC emissions

Biofiltration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC) technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically active material. This technology has been successfully applied in Germany and The Netherlands in many full-scale applications to control odors, VOC and air toxic emissions from a wide range of industrial and public sector sources. Control efficiencies of more than 90 percent have been achieved for many common air pollutants. Due to lower operating costs, biofiltration can provide significant economic advantages over other APC technologies if applied to off-gases that contain readily biodegradable pollutants in low concentrations. Environmental benefits include low energy requirements and the avoidance of cross media transfer of pollutants. This paper reviews the history and current status of biofiltration, outlines its underlying scientific and engineering principles, and discusses the applicability of biofilters for a wide range of specific emission sources.     

Biofiltration: An Innovative Air Pollution Control Technology For VOC Emissions

Biofiltration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC) technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically active material. This technology has been successfully applied in Germany and The Netherlands in many full-scale applications to control odors, VOC and air toxic emissions from a wide range of industrial and public sector sources. Control efficiencies of more than 90 percent have been achieved for many common air pollutants. Due to lower operating costs, biofiltration can provide significant economic advantages over other APC technologies if applied to off-gases that contain readily biodegradable pollutants in low concentrations. Environmental benefits include low energy requirements and the avoidance of cross media transfer of pollutants. This paper reviews the history and current status of biofiltration, outlines its underlying scientific and engineering principles, and discusses the applicability of biofilters for a wide range of specific emission sources.     

挥发性有机物和臭味的生物过滤处理

生物过滤法是一种较新的空气污染控制方法 ,它利用微生物降解或 /转化空气中的挥发性有机物以及硫化氢、氨等恶臭物质。本文主要介绍生物过滤法处理废气的基本原理 ,讨论填料种类、湿度、pH、温度等影响生物过滤法性能参数。同时综述了生物过滤法的应用范围以及对生物过滤法的改进。     

生物法处理NOx废气的研究进展

氮氧化物 (NOx)是主要的大气污染物之一 ,是治理大气污染的一大难题。对当前国内外生物处理NOx 的研究现状进行了系统的论述 ,介绍了生物过滤法处理氮氧化物的基本原理 ,分析了生物过滤法处理氮氧化物存在的问题 ,并预测该技术的未来发展趋势     

生物法处理挥发性有机废气的研究

生物法处理被污染的空气这一技术已经被德国和荷兰成功地运用了 2 0年之久 ,但是在国内还属于一种较新的空气污染治理技术。本文主要概述了有机废气生物处理的 3种主要形式 :生物滤池、生物滴滤塔和生物洗涤器的原理、流程和几种影响反应器性能的因素 ,并比较了以上 3种反应器及其不同支撑材料的优缺点。目前 ,气态生物反应器主要以通用的指导方针、试验性的研究和来自类似应用的经验为基础进行设计的。     

Biofiltration pretreatment for reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in a water reclamation system

Biofouling control is considered as a major challenge in operating membrane systems. A lab-scale RO system was setup at a local water reclamation plant to study the feasibility of using biofiltration as a pretreatment process to control the biofouling. The biological activity in the RO system (feed, product, reject streams) was tested using the standard serial dilution plating technique. Operational parameters such as differential pressure (DP) and permeate flowrate of the system were also monitored. Effects of biofilter on AOC and DOC removals were investigated. Biofiltration was found to be a viable way of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removals, with removal efficiencies of 40-49% and 35-45% at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 30 min. It was also found that using the biofiltration as a pretreatment reduced the rate of biofouling. It took only about 72 h for biofouling to have a significant impact on the performance of the RO membrane, when the system was operated without using biofiltration as pretreatment. There was, however, a five times increase in operational length to more than 300 h when biofiltration was used. This study presented the suitability of the biofilter as an economical and simple way of biofouling control for RO membrane.     

Effects of nitrogen and oxygen on biofilter performance

Three laboratory-scale biofilters packed with inert material were used to study the nitrogen and oxygen requirements for biofiltration of methanol. Mixtures of methanol with inorganic nitrogen (NH3 or NO3) at nitrogen-to-carbon (N:C) ratios ranging from 0.015 to 0.4 were employed to reveal nitrogen effects on biofiltration. In the oxygen study, mixtures of air and oxygen at different oxygen contents were used. At low nitrogen levels, the removal rate increased with increasing N:C ratio for both NH3 and NO3. However, at high concentrations, NH3 had an inhibitory effect on biodegradation while the removal rate reached a plateau at high NO3 concentrations. Biofiltration with 63% oxygen in the inlet gas stream increased the maximum removal rate from 120 to 145 g/m3/hr after 3 days in comparison with biofiltration with air. However, a further increase in oxygen content up to 80% did not lead to a further improvement in biofilter performance, suggesting that both oxygen and biofilm thickness can be the relevant factors limiting biofilter performance and creating the plateau in removal rates at high loadings.     

Microbial degradation of livestock-generated ammonia using biofilters at typical ambient temperatures

The purpose of this research was to neutralize livestock-generated ammonia by using biofilters packed with inexpensive inorganic and organic packing material combined with multicultural microbial load at typical ambient temperatures. Peat and inorganic supporting materials were used as biofiltration matrix packed in a perfusion column through which gas was transfused. Results show the ammonia removal significantly fell in between 99 and 100% when ammonia concentration of 200 ppmv was used at different gas flow rates ranged from 0.030 to 0.060 m3 h(-1) at a fluctuating room temperature of 27.5 +/- 4.5 C (Mean +/- SD). Under these conditions, the emission concentration of ammonia that is liberated after biofiltration is less than 1 ppmv (0.707 mg m(-3)) over the period of our study, suggesting the usage of low-cost biofiltration systems for long-term function is effective at wider ranges of temperature fluctuations. The maximum (100%) ammonia removal efficiency was obtained in this biofilter was having an elimination capacity of 2.217 g m(-3) h(-1). This biofilter had high nitrification efficiencies and hence controlled ammonia levels with the reduced backpressure. The response of this biofilter to shut down and start up operation showed that the biofilm has a superior stability.     

A hybrid biological process of indoor air treatment for toluene removal

Bioprocesses, such as biofiltration, are commonly used to treat industrial effluents containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations. Nevertheless, the use of biofiltration for indoor air pollution (IAP) treatment requires adjustments depending on specific indoor environments. Therefore, this study focuses on the convenience of a hybrid biological process for IAP treatment. A biofiltration reactor using a green waste compost was combined with an adsorption column filled with activated carbon (AC). This system treated a toluene-micropolluted effluent (concentration between 17 and 52 µg/m³), exhibiting concentration peaks close to 733 µg/m³ for a few hours per day. High removal efficiency was obtained despite changes in toluene inlet load (from 4.2 × 10^?3 to 0.20 g/m³/hr), which proves the hybrid system’s effectiveness. In fact, during unexpected concentration changes, the efficiency of the biofilter is greatly decreased, but the adsorption column maintains the high efficiency of the entire process (removal efficiency [RE] close to 100%). Moreover, the adsorption column after biofiltration is able to deal with the problem of the emission of particles and/or microorganisms from the biofilter.

ImplicationsIndoor air pollution is nowadays recognized as a major environmental and health issue. This original study investigates the performance of a hybrid biological process combining a biofilter and an adsorption column for removal of indoor VOCs, specifically toluene.