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使用定容燃烧弹与高速纹影照相系统研究了不同当量比下甲烷-空气预混气体的层流火焰燃烧特性。实验数据同时应用传统线性模型和非线性模型分析了不同当量比对球形扩展火焰的传播速率和马克斯坦长度的影响。结果显示:随着当量比的增加,层流燃烧速率先增大后减小,直到当量比为1.1时,火焰速率达到最大值。马克斯坦长度始终为正值,且随着当量比的增大而增大。在所有当量比条件下,线性和非线性方法计算的火焰速率大致相同,差值小于0.01 m/s;线性方法得到的马克斯坦长度均大于非线性模型计算的结果,并随着当量比的增大,两种方法得到的马克斯坦长度的差值更加显著。 相似文献
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甲烷-空气预混气体燃烧特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用纹影系统、压力传感器和高速相机对甲烷-空气预混气体在定容燃烧弹中的燃烧特性进行研究,分析了当量比对拉伸火焰传播速度、未拉伸火焰传播速度和层流燃烧速度的影响及定容弹中压力的变化规律。结果表明,当量比对预混气体燃烧过程有重要影响,且存在临界当量比1.1,在临界当量比下预混气体燃烧最剧烈,层流燃烧速度达到最大值(0.368 m/s),燃烧压力也达到峰值(0.703 MPa)。当预混气体当量比小于临界值时,拉伸火焰传播速度、未拉伸火焰传播速度、层流燃烧速度和燃烧压力随当量比增加而增加;而当预混气体当量比大于临界值时,速度和压力随当量比增加而减小。 相似文献
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本文使用了详细化学反应动力学机理计算模拟了混合有乙醇及典型自由基引导的甲烷预混火焰结构.该反应机理由Marinov研究组研究发表,包含有56个组分以及372个反应.本文的计算使用了CHEMKIN-3以及预混火焰代码,热力学及输运部分的计算基于Sandia国家实验室和Marinov研究室发布的数据库.火焰结构中主要产物的变化,关键中间产物和次要组分的计算结果显示加入乙醇和自由基都可以减少着火延迟.本文计算了三种不同条件下的火焰结构,分别为预混CH4/O2/N2火焰;预混甲烷/乙醇火焰;和加入引导自由基在甲烷/乙醇混合燃料中.此外还有含有自由基的甲烷火焰和加入乙醇的甲烷火焰比较. 相似文献
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为了研究管道内氢气的爆燃转爆轰及其抑制过程,对单个障碍物管道中氢气-空气混合物燃爆过程以及多级泄爆进行了二维数值模拟。基于氢气-空气19步详细化学反应动力学机理,以及k-ε湍流模型、概率密度函数输运方程和同位网格SIMPLE算法,采用计算流体软件Fluent进行模拟。结果表明:密闭管道无泄爆时,在距点火端1.5 m左右爆燃转为爆轰;泄爆口的位置对管道内氢气-空气预混气体的爆炸参数有重要影响,泄爆口位于管道中部时,能降低管道内爆轰超压,泄爆效果较好;位于管道中部单个泄爆口泄爆时,有效降低爆轰超压,管道中部设置2个泄爆口时,能通过压力和混合气体的泄放将管道中已经发生的爆轰衰减为爆燃;当有3个泄爆口泄爆时,管道中没有发生爆轰,达到良好的泄爆效果。 相似文献
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在实际生产过程中,有很多情况能使气体燃料与空气混合,达到可燃浓度,此时若有点火源存在,就可能酿成燃烧、爆炸灾害,造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡.选取甲烷作为研究对象,选用空气作为氧化性气体,对其进行数值模拟.获得了不同时刻爆燃的压力场、温度场、密度场的变化数据,为工程上防爆、抑爆、泄爆提供了理论基础和数据. 相似文献
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为探究贫燃条件下氢气对甲烷/氢气混合气体火焰传播和传爆能力的影响,测定了甲烷/氢气混合气体的最大试验安全间隙(MESG),在安装波纹板阻火器的DN80管道试验装置上开展火焰传播试验。结果表明：在贫燃条件下,火焰速度受Ф和当量比的控制,当Ф增大时,当量比为主导因素,火焰速度降低;随Ф增加,混合气体的整体活性增大且在Ф小于25%时,火焰传播速度曲线变化相似,在Ф大于30%时,火焰传播速度曲线稳定性较弱,MESG快速下降,临界阻火速度降低,火焰无法在阻火器内淬熄,IIA类爆燃阻火器无法满足阻火需求。 相似文献
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氢气对预混甲烷/空气燃爆过程的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究氢气的加入对不同体积分数甲烷/空气预混爆炸过程影响的规律,在尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×1 000 mm的管道中通入体积分数为8%、9.5%和11.5%的甲烷/空气预混气体,然后加入一定体积分数的氢气。氢气所占体积分数分别为0、0.74%、1.48%、2.95%、4.40%。分别对加入不同体积分数的甲烷爆炸过程中爆炸压力、火焰图像和爆炸温度进行测量、分析。结果表明:只有在8%纯甲烷爆炸时能够形成完整的郁金香火焰。8%和9.5%甲烷体积分数试验中,氢气的加入使火焰面由上下对称变得不对称,火焰阵面上移,火焰速度加快;爆炸中的最大超压增大并且最大超压时刻点提前。在11.5%的甲烷加氢试验中,随加氢量增加,爆炸压力、温度、火焰速度分别略微降低。这表明氢气的加入在体积分数为8%的爆炸反应中较大地促进了反应,而体积分数为11.5%时加氢后爆炸反应减弱。通过理论分析计算了半封闭管道中体积分数为9.5%甲烷爆炸温度和实测温度之间的差异。爆炸压力和温度的变化能很好地反映加入氢气对甲烷爆炸的影响。 相似文献
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木材是一种很重要的可燃物,在燃烧过程中产生的热辐射和烟气会对周围的环境造成重大的不利影响。应用数值模拟方法对木材燃烧产生的温度场进行研究,通过设置模拟参数,构建燃烧产生的温度场,设置了温度测点和温度切片,并将模拟结果通过二维和三维图表达出来。该项成果可为可燃物燃烧的研究提供一定的参考数据。 相似文献
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障碍物场中预混燃烧火焰的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用k-ε湍流模型和拉切滑(SCASM)预混燃烧模型,对障碍物场中预混燃烧火焰进行了三维空间数值模拟.通过对控制方程添加不同的源项以反映障碍物对流场的影响,采用交错网格控制容积法将计算区域进行离散,用SIMPLE算法求解离散控制方程.模拟结果表明,障碍物的存在改变了燃烧流场的结构,成为加速燃烧甚至诱导爆炸过程的不稳定因素.该研究结果对有效预测障碍物场中火焰走势及其流场的分布情况,加强人们对火焰传播规律的认识,对预防工业灾害有重要参考价值. 相似文献
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为进一步研究多种不同性质的气体对瓦斯着火过程的影响,采用CHEMKIN-PRO Release软件,选择CH_4燃烧化学反应机理USC Mech 2.0模型对不同组分构成的C_2H_6/CO_2与甲烷混合气体进行数值模拟,然后分析不同组分下瓦斯着火延迟时间的变化趋势,并利用SENKIN程序对其进行敏感性分析。计算结果表明:当C_2H_6百分比小于CO_2百分比时,随着CO_2百分比的增加,瓦斯着火延迟时间略有增加,且其在T=1200K下延长了17.0%,在T=2200K下延长了8.4%,同时抑制CH_4生成的关键反应步敏感性系数下降幅度略大,其协同抑制瓦斯爆炸;当C_2H_6百分比大于CO_2百分比时,随着C_2H_6百分比的增加,瓦斯着火延迟时间大幅缩短,且其在T=1200K下缩短了63.7%,在T=2200K下缩短了35.5%,同时促进CH_4生成的关键反应步敏感性系数下降幅度大,其协同促进瓦斯爆炸。 相似文献
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通过CFD计算软件对锥形量热燃烧实验条件下的多层电缆着火性能进行数值模拟计算,对比相应CONE电缆燃烧实验结果,其计算结果表明所建立的电缆模型所得计算结果能够较好预测电缆着火时间。在此基础上,对护套层、绝缘层厚度、线芯层直径等参数对着火时间的影响进行了分析,发现护套层厚度对着火时间影响最大,线芯层对着火时间影响较小;当护套层及绝缘层厚度达到一定数值之后,电缆着火时间将不再发生变化。另外,因为电缆由多层热特性各异的材料组成,不能简单的划分为热薄材料或者热厚材料,但就所模拟电缆而言,其着火时间在不同的热辐射强度下分别表现出与热薄材料或者热厚材料相似的变化规律。 相似文献
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For the development of a standardized method for measuring the explosion safety characteristics of combustible hybrid dust/vapor mixtures, the influence of the ignition delay time needs to be investigated. The ignition delay time, defined as the time between the injection of dust and the activation of the ignition source, is related to the turbulence of the mixture and thus to the pressure rise rate. The ignition source for pure vapors, however, has to be activated in a quiescent atmosphere according to the standards. Nevertheless, when measuring the explosion safety characteristics of hybrid mixtures, it is important that the dust be in suspension around the igniter. Like pure dust/air mixtures, hybrid dust/vapor/air mixtures need to be ignited in a turbulent atmosphere to keep the dust in suspension.This work will therefore investigate the influence of ignition delay times on the severity of hybrid explosions. It was generally found that at shorter ignition delay times, (dp/dt)ex increased due to higher turbulence and decreases as the dust sinks to the bottom of the 20 L-sphere. This effect is more pronounced for hybrid mixtures with higher vapor content compared to dust content. 相似文献
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Thermo-kinetic modelling of dust explosions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The guidelines for protection and mitigation against hazard coming from dust explosion require the knowledge and then the evaluation either experimentally or theoretically of the thermo-kinetic parameters (i.e. KSt, Pmax). We developed a numerical tool for the evaluation of the thermo-kinetic parameters of dust explosion. This model is based on the simulations of the combustion reaction by means of a detailed reaction mechanism assuming that the pyrolysis/devolatilization step is very fast and then gas combustion is controlling dust explosion. The model allows then the determination of the most conservative values of KSt, Sl, Pmax. In the present paper we calculated the deflagration index and the laminar burning velocity for dusts utilized in various process industries (i.e. cornstarch, polyethylene, cellulose) as function of dust concentration. The obtained data were successfully compared with the available experimental results. 相似文献
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The understanding of dust explosion is still incomplete because of the lack of reliable data and accurate models accounting for all the physic-chemical aspects. Besides, most of the experimental data available in the current literature has been accumulated on the 20-l spherical bomb tests, which gives coarse results for the pressure history that cannot be easily converted into fundamental combustion parameters. Nevertheless, the large amount of experimental data available in the spherical bomb is attractive. In this work, the explosion of non-nano iron dust in the standard spherical vessel is analyzed, aiming at evaluating the burning velocity from the theoretical point of view and the simple experiments performed by the standard explosion tests. The choice of iron is of relevance because its adiabatic flame temperature is below the boiling temperature of both the reactants and oxidized gaseous, liquid, or solid (intermediate and final) products and for the negligible particle porosity, which instead is typical of organic dust. Therefore, a non-nano iron dust explosion can be reconducted to a reduced mechanism since heterogeneous (surface) combustion may be determinant, and the diffusion mechanism for oxygen is the only relevant. The laminar burning velocity is strongly dependant on the particle diameter, whereas little effects are due to the dust concentration. The reported final value was found in agreement with typical limiting laminar burning velocity, adopted for the estimation of flammability limits. 相似文献
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地铁车站站台火灾中人员的安全疏散 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
笔者分析了地铁站台火灾时火灾临界危险条件和人员的疏散特点,提出了地铁站台火灾中人员安全疏散模型,确定了人员安全疏散时间的计算方法;应用火灾模拟软件SMARTFIRE4.0对某地铁站站台着火时温度和烟气浓度的发展进行了数值模拟研究,据此得到人员安全疏散可利用的时间;结合该站台着火时的具体情况,计算了人员安全疏散所需要的时间.研究与计算结果表明:该地铁站火灾时,站台至站厅的楼梯是整个疏散过程的瓶颈,而楼梯的疏散能力主要受人员流量和楼梯的有效宽度所制约,据此提出了相应的解决方法. 相似文献
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飞火颗粒点燃和火焰辐射引燃是森林-城镇交界域火灾两种主要引燃方式.已有很多研究关注单种引燃方式,但缺乏二者耦合作用下的引燃机理研究.实验研究了热颗粒与热辐射耦合作用下松针燃料床的点燃行为,分析了热颗粒尺寸、温度及辐射热通量对点燃特性的影响.实验结果表明:热颗粒和热辐射耦合作用的点燃危险性远远高于热颗粒或者热辐射单独作用... 相似文献
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Temperature measurement on propagating flame and minimum explosible concentration are investigated. The dust explosion experiments of nano-particle dust clouds exhibit higher temperature gradient in preheat zone and lower MEC than those of micron particle dust clouds. A heterogeneous model is proposed to describe the oxidation process under two extreme conditions: whether the alumina film is involved in the reaction or not. The new methodology allows the estimation of oxidation kinetics of growing alumina. For micron particle, the model clarifies that the activation energy which has been wrongly considered to be for aluminum oxidation should be for lattice diffusion, and the initial reaction rate is proved to be dominated by the diffusion rate of oxygen through alumina shell as diffusion controlled reaction. For nano-particle, the model explained that why the reported activation energy shows significantly lower than that for micron particle, due to initially ignorable alumina film or considered as kinetically controlled reaction. However, as reaction occurs and alumina builds up on the surface, the interference of alumina somewhat increases the activation energy. 相似文献
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Deposition of combustible dust on a hot surface is a hidden danger of fire. In this work, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dust was selected to analyse the influence of dust layer diameter, dust particle size and dust layer thickness on the ignition characteristics of PMMA dust layer. Critical heating temperatures and ignition time had been measured. The STA-GC/MS-FTIR analysis was used to determine that the main products of PMMA pyrolysis were MMA, CO, CO2, and C2H4, of which CO and C2H4 were transported to the ambient to cause gas phase combustion on the surface of the dust layer. For 10 mm thick dust layer, the critical heating temperatures of 5 μm PMMA, 100 nm PMMA, and 30 μm PMMA were 300 °C, 330 °C, and 320 °C. As the thickness of the dust layer increased, the gas transport path became longer, the critical heating temperature and ignition time increased. The characteristic particle size (D [3,2]) was utilized to represent the true particle size, and the ignition time increased with the increase of the characteristic particle size. The increase in the diameter of the dust layer had a slight effect on the temperature history and ignition time of the dust layer. 相似文献
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This paper presents the explosion parameters of corn dust/air mixtures in confined chamber. The measurements were conducted in a setup which comprises a 5 L explosion chamber, a dust dispersion sub-system, and a transient pressure measurement sub-system. The influences of the ignition delay on the pressure and the rate of pressure rise for the dust/air explosion have been discussed based on the experimental data. It is found that at the lower concentrations, the explosion pressure and the rate of pressure rise of corn dust/air mixtures decrease as the ignition delay increases from 60 ms; But at the higher concentrations, the explosion pressure and the rate of pressure rise increase slightly as the ignition delay increases from 60 ms to 80 ms, and decrease beyond 80 ms. The maximum explosion pressure of corn dust/air mixtures reaches its highest value equal to 0.79 MPa at the concentration of 1000 gm−3. 相似文献