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1.
为弄清饮用水常规处理工艺过程中细菌群落的时空分布和动态变化规律,以我国南方某市一常规处理工艺水厂为研究对象,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对夏季和冬季原水、沉后水、滤后水、出厂水和滤砂生物膜等细菌群落进行解析.结果表明,出厂水pH值、浊度、CODMn、菌落总数等指标均满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)的要求.夏季细菌多样性明显高于冬季,混凝沉淀和消毒是影响细菌群落多样性和组成的主要工艺单元.细菌群落组成呈现一定的季节性变化,水样中优势菌门主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)等,在滤砂生物膜样品中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)亦占绝对优势.在属水平上,检测到的条件致病菌属包括弧形菌属(Vibrio)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium).水温和溶解氧是影响细菌群落的主要水质参数. 相似文献
2.
为弄清饮用水常规处理工艺过程中细菌群落的时空分布和动态变化规律,以我国南方某市一常规处理工艺水厂为研究对象,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对夏季和冬季原水、沉后水、滤后水、出厂水和滤砂生物膜等细菌群落进行解析.结果表明,出厂水pH值、浊度、CODMn、菌落总数等指标均满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)的要求.夏季细菌多样性明显高于冬季,混凝沉淀和消毒是影响细菌群落多样性和组成的主要工艺单元.细菌群落组成呈现一定的季节性变化,水样中优势菌门主要包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)等,在滤砂生物膜样品中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)亦占绝对优势.在属水平上,检测到的条件致病菌属包括弧形菌属(Vibrio)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium).水温和溶解氧是影响细菌群落的主要水质参数. 相似文献
3.
Most probable number (MPN) and colony-forming unit (CFU) estimates of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentration are common
measures of water quality in aquatic environments. Thus, FIB intensively monitored in Yeongsan Watershed in an attempt to compare
two di erent methods and to develop a statistical model to convert from CFU to MPN estimates or vice versa. As a result, the significant
di erence was found in the MPN and CFU estimates. The enumerated Escherichia coli concentrations in MPN are greater than those in
CFU, except for the measurement in winter. Especially in fall, E. coli concentrations in MPN are one order of magnitude greater than
that in CFU. Contrarily, enterococci bacteria in MPN are lower than those in CFU. However, in general, a strongly positive relationship
are found between MPN and CFU estimates. Therefore, the statistical models were developed, and showed the reasonable converting
FIB concentrations from CFU estimates to MPN estimates. We expect this study will provide preliminary information towards future
research on whether di erent analysis methods may result in di erent water quality standard violation frequencies for the same water
sample. 相似文献
4.
玉米秸秆发酵浸出液模拟废水发酵产氢的放大实验研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在20 L的半连续流发酵罐中,以牛粪堆肥为产氢菌源,按照玉米秸秆发酵浸出液的主要成分配制模拟废水,考察和分析了几个关键环境因素对发酵产氢的影响.结果表明,HRT、C/N、Fe2+浓度和模拟废水浓度对发酵产氢均有不同程度的影响.在本实验条件下,秸秆模拟废水的氢产量、氢浓度和产氢速率分别为11.80 mol/kg、56%和8.81 L/(L·d),底物转化率大于90%,废水中COD去除率为39.40%.在整个发酵产氢过程,液相主要发酵副产物为丁酸、乙酸和丙酸以及少量的乙醇和丁醇. 相似文献
5.
恶臭假单胞菌生物滴滤塔净化甲苯废气的研究 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
在接近于工业化应用的非稳态条件下,采用恶臭假单胞菌为菌源接种生物滴滤塔,处理含甲苯废气.研究了滤塔的挂膜启动情况与稳定运行阶段抗负荷变化能力,并对滤塔内生物膜微观结构进行了观察分析.在停留时间为54 s和43.2 s,进气甲苯浓度为544~1 044 mg·m-3,环境温度为17~26 ℃的操作条件下,滤塔气体出口检测不到甲苯,最大体积去除负荷为105.35g·(m3·h)-1.结果表明,在非稳定条件下,以未经甲苯驯化筛选的恶臭假单胞菌作为菌源降解甲苯废气是可行的;稳定运行阶段滤塔具有较强的抗负荷变化能力,进气浓度与停留时间的变化不会引起处理性能的下降;通过控制营养液添加间隔可以较好地控制生物膜的快速增长;滤塔内微生物菌落发生了变化,大量微孔结构的存在证明了微孔的吸附是生物膜降解甲苯的重要前提. 相似文献
6.
Moisture distributions in municipal sewage sludge, printing and dyeing sludge and paper mill sludge were experimentally studied
based on four di erent methods, i.e., drying test, thermogravimetric-di erential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) test, thermogravimetricdi
erential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) test and water activity test. The results indicated that the moistures in the mechanically
dewatered sludges were interstitial water, surface water and bound water. The interstitial water accounted for more than 50% wet basis
(wb) of the total moisture content. The bond strength of sludge moisture increased with decreasing moisture content, especially when
the moisture content was lower than 50% wb. Furthermore, the comparison among the four di erent testing methods was presented.
The drying test was advantaged by its ability to quantify free water, interstitial water, surface water and bound water; while TG-DSC
test, TG-DTA test and water activity test were capable of determining the bond strength of moisture in sludge. It was found that the
results from TG-DSC and TG-DTA test are more persuasive than water activity test. 相似文献
7.
底栖生物膜是河流生态系统重要的初级生产者,能够对外界环境变化做出迅速响应,在河流碳循环过程中扮演重要角色.然而,人们对于污水处理厂尾水受纳河流底栖生物膜细菌群落与水溶性有机质(water-soluble organic matter,WSOM)的特征及内在联系的认识还十分有限.本研究使用16S rRNA高通量测序、紫外可见光谱和三维荧光-平行因子分析解析代表性污水处理厂尾水受纳区底栖生物膜细菌群落和WSOM的特征.结果表明,底栖生物膜WSOM中识别出两种类腐殖质组分和一种色氨酸类蛋白组分,其中大分子类腐殖质在底栖生物膜WSOM中占据优势地位.尾水区底栖生物膜细菌群落的均匀度及多样性沿程提高,相较于未受污染的上游区,污染源头区和污染下游区生物膜细菌群落结构更加稳定.发色水溶性有机质(colored water-soluble organic matter,CWSOM)、有机质芳香性和分子量是影响尾水区底栖生物膜细菌群落变化的主要因素,其中芳香性色氨酸类蛋白对生物膜细菌群落变化的解释度最高(34%).共现网络揭示了细菌群落与WSOM组分之间复杂的相互关系,Proteobacteria和Halobacterota通过碳循环过程参与生物膜WSOM的新陈代谢,生物膜细菌群落与WSOM的组成将以一种动态变化的模式对尾水排放做出响应.本研究为探寻尾水受纳区水生态变化的指示标志提供了新的思路. 相似文献
8.
Charbel Mahfou Antoine El Samrani Rita Mouaw Walid Hleihel Rim El Khati Bruno S. Lartiges Na¨?m Oua¨?ni 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(1):120-126
Biofilms grown inside two sewage collecting pipes located in industrial and residential areas are studied. Bacterial biomass inside three layers of biofilms was evaluated. Biofilm cohesion under different mixing rate and ionic strength was also investigated. Effects of physical and chemical parameters in the biofilms were evaluated by monitoring turbidity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. Extracted organic matter from biofilms was partitioned to polar, aromatic and saturated fractions using activated silica column chromatography. Results revealed that bacterial biomass growth depending on biofilm thickness and stratification. The most loaded stratum in bacterial biomass was the sewage-biofilm interface stratum that represented 51% of the total bacterial biomass. Stirring rate and ionic strength of mono and bivalent salts showed a major influence in biofilm disruption. The stirring time enhanced the exchange dynamic and matter capture between biofilm fragments at the critical stirring rate 90 r/min. Sodium chloride showed the dispersing effect on biofilms in suspension, and decreased the BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) beyond the physiological salt concentration. 相似文献
9.
Ruyin Liu Junge Zhu Zhisheng Yu DevRaj Joshi Hongxun Zhang Wenfang Lin Min Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):865-874
To understand the impacts of different plumbing materials on long-term biofilm formation in water supply system, we analyzed microbial community compositions in the bulk water and biofilms on faucets with two different materials-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cast iron, which have been frequently used for more thanlO years. Pyrosequencing was employed to describe both bacterial and eukaryotic microbial compositions. Bacterial communities in the bulk water and biofilm samples were significantly different from each other. Specific bacterial populations colonized on the surface of different materials. Hyphomicrobia and corrosion associated bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus spp., Aquabacterium spp., Limnobacter thiooxidans, and Thiocapsa spp., were the most dominant bacteria identified in the PVC and cast iron biofilms, respectively, suggesting that bacterial colonization on the material surfaces was selective. Mycobacteria and Legionella spp. were common potential pathogenic bacteria occurred in the biofilm samples, but their abundance was different in the two biofilm bacterial communities. In contrast, the biofilm samples showed more similar eukaryotic communities than the bulk water. Notably, potential pathogenic fungi, i.e., Aspergillus spp. and Candida parapsilosis, occurred in similar abundance in both biofilms. These results indicated that microbial community, especially bacterial composition was remarkably affected by the different pipe materials (PVC and cast iron). 相似文献
10.
采用疾病控制中心(CDC)生物膜反应器模拟给水管网系统,选取聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚碳酸酯(PC)2种材质的挂片,通过微生物粘附碳氢化合物(MATH)实验和Illumina高通量测序相结合的方法,对反应器水相、生物膜相和颗粒物相中微生物的疏水性进行了研究.结果显示,PVC材质挂片反应器中优势菌为厚壁菌门,相对丰度为68.31%~81.00%,PC材质挂片反应器中优势菌为变形菌门,相对丰度为24.39%~64.40%.PVC材质挂片反应器中优势菌包含3类致病菌,PC材质挂片反应器中包含8类致病菌.PC材质挂片生物膜相较于PVC材质疏水性更高,利于微生物吸附形成生物膜,而PVC材质不易形成生物膜,对控制输送过程中的二次污染具有积极作用,但在管网实际应用中还应考虑其他工程因素的影响. 相似文献
11.
生物滴滤器中水分对憎水性气态污染物净化性能的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过改变稳定工况下的液气比和测定风干过程中滴滤床净化和阻力性能变化,研究了水分对气体生物滴滤器(BTF)净化甲苯性能的影响,结果表明,生物滴滤器净化憎水性挥发性有机物的性能受滤床水分影响较大,与通常气液吸收过程不同,憎水性气体挥发性有机物的生物滴滤过程存在达到最佳净化效果的液气比,风干过程实验表明,滴滤器中水分含量太高,会影响憎水性污染物和氧气等在气相与生物相之间的传质过程;但水分太低又会影响滴滤器内生物相的活性,对生物滴滤器净化憎水性挥发性有机物而言,存在最适滤床水分,可通过监测设备压降来控制滴滤塔内水分。 相似文献
12.
Differences in the behavior characteristics between Daphnia magna and
Japanese madaka in an on-line biomonitoring system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is important to select suitable organisms to adapt the requirement of di erent environment monitoring purposes. Following our
previous study, the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka (Oryzias latipes) were investigated and compared
under flow-through conditions in an on-line biomonitoring system. The results showed that both D. magna and Japanese madaka had
similar biological clock, but the circadian rhythms of Japanese madaka was more clearly recorded than that of D. magna. And the
sensitivity of D. magna was about two orders of magnitudes higher than that of Japanese madaka in di erent types of toxic chemicals
(dichlorovos, deltamethrin and cadmium chloride). However, when both animals were used in an on-line biomonitoring system, the life
span of D. magna was less than 7 days and Japanese madaka could last for more than one month without feeding. Therefore, D. magna
was proposed to be a more sensitive bioindicator and was suitable for short term monitoring the pollution events at concentration level
closing to the water quality standard, while Japanese madaka was more suitable for the long-term monitoring for accidental discharges. 相似文献
13.
生物膜净化含苯废气的性能研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
在生物法净化废气装置中生物膜是设备的主体和关键.研究以净化含苯废气的生物滴滤塔为对象,采用静态反应器对塔内生物膜的净化性能进行研究,探索其过程机理,为生物滴滤器的优化提供技术支持.结果表明,在生物滴滤器中单位体积生物膜的呼吸速率和苯去除速率都沿气流方向逐渐减小,但单位质量生物膜的苯去除速率却是塔中部高两边低.研究发现,当生物膜经过3d的闲置后,苯的消除能力提高了70%左右,但闲置时间超过5d后,生物净化性能开始下降.综合实验结果,推测在生物膜中同时存在苯的生物降解过程和生物储备能源的合成过程,在苯浓度越高的地方储备能源的量也越多,储备能源的存在降低了生物膜的净化能力但增强了生物膜的稳定性. 相似文献
14.
Aerobic granules seeded with activated sludge flocs and pellets (obtained from activated sludge flocs) were cultivated in two
sequencing batch reactors and their characteristics were compared. Compared with granules seeded with activated sludge flocs,
those seeded with pellets had shorter start-up time, larger diameter, better chemical oxygen demand removal e ciency, and higher
hydrophobicity, suspended solid concentration, and Mg2+ content. The di erent inocula led the granule surface with di erent microbial
morphologies, but did not result in di erent distribution patterns of extracellular polymeric substances and cells. The anaerobic
bacterium Anoxybacillus sp. was detected in the granules seeded with pellets. These results highlighted the advantage of pellet over
activated sludge floc as the seed for aerobic granulation and wastewater treatment. 相似文献
15.
16.
Characterization of disinfection byproduct formation potential in 13 source
waters in China 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Junzhi Zhang Jianwei Yu Wei An Juan Liu Yongjing Wang Youjun Chen Jia Tai Min Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):183-188
The formation potential of four trihalomethanes (THMFP) and seven haloacetic acids (HAA7FP) in 13 source waters taken from
four major water basin areas in China was evaluated using the simulated distribution system (SDS) chlorination method. The specific
ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254: the ratio of UV254 to dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), which ranged between 0.9 and 5.0 L/(mg m),
showed that the organic compounds in di erent source waters exhibited di erent reactivities with chlorine. The HAA7FP of source
waters ranged from 20 to 448 g/L and the THMFP ranged from 29 to 259 g/L. The HAA7FP concentrations were higher than the
THMFP concentrations in all but one of the samples. Therefore, the risks of haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be of concern in some
source waters. TCM (chloroform) and BDCM (bromodichloromethane) were the major THM constituents, while TCAA (trichloroacetic
acid) and DCAA (dichloroacetic acid) were the major HAA species. Br-THM (brominated THM species) were much higher than Br-
HAA (brominated HAA species), and the formation of Br-DBP (Br-THM and Br-HAA) should be of concern when the bromide
concentration is over 100 g/L. 相似文献
17.
Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) containing microorganisms and residual nutrients can influence the biofilm formation. Although the process and mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation have been well characterized, little is known about the characteristics and interaction of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes in the early colonization, especially under the influence of WWTP effluent. The aim of this study was to characterize the important bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic species in the early stage of biofilm formation downstream of the WWTP outlet. Water and biofilm samples were collected 24 and 48 hr after the deposition of bio-cords in the stream. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S and 18S rDNA showed that, among the three domains, the bacterial biofilm community had the largest alpha and beta diversity. The early bacterial colonizers appeared to be “biofilm-specific”, with only a few dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between the biofilm and the ambient water environment. Alpha-proteobacteria and Ciliophora tended to dominate the bacterial and eukaryotic communities, respectively, of the early biofilm already at 24 hr, whereas archaea played only a minor role during the early stage of colonization. The network analysis showed that the three domains of microbial community connected highly during the early colonization and it might be a characteristic of the microbial communities in the biofilm formation process where co-occurrence relationships could drive coexistence and diversity maintenance within the microbial communities. 相似文献
18.
Biological nitrogen fixing is an important source of nitrogen input in the natural ecological restoration of mine wastelands. The
diversity of nifH genes in tailings samples under di erent plant communities in Yangshanchong and Tongguanshan wastelands
in Tongling, was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach. The
nitrogen-fixing microorganism community in the upper layer of tailings of Tongguanshan wasteland discarded in 1980 showed
higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index than that in Yangshanchong wasteland discarded in 1991. The diversity of nifH genes in
Yangshanchong wasteland of copper mine tailings did not display a consistent successional tendency with development of plant
communities during the process of natural ecological restoration. Phylogenetic analysis of 25 sequences of nifH gene fragments
retrieved from the DGGE gels indicated that there were mainly two taxa of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, Proteobacteria
and Cyanobacteria living in the wastelands investigated, most of which were unique and uncultured. Canonical correspondence analysis
(CCA) based on the relationship between band patterns of DGGE profile and physico-chemical properties of tailings samples showed
that the diversity of nifH genes in di erent tailing samples was mainly a ected by loss of ignition, water content, pH and available Zn
contents of wastelands. The dominant plant species and development period of plant communities by ameliorating pH, reducing the
toxicity of heavy metals, increasing organic matter and water content a ected the diversity and structure of the free-living nitrogenfixing
microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings. 相似文献
19.
Organic carbon accumulation capability of two typical tidal wetland soils in
Chongming Dongtan, China 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Shiping Zhang Lei Wang Jiajun Hu Wenquan Zhang Xiaohua Fu Yiquan Le Fangming Jin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):87-94
We measured organic carbon input and content of soil in two wetland areas of Chongming Dongtan (Yangtze River Estuary) to
evaluate variability in organic carbon accumulation capability in di erent wetland soils. Observed di erences were investigated based
on the microbial activity and environmental factors of the soil at the two sites. Results showed that the organic carbon content of wetland
soil vegetated with Phragmites australis (site A) was markedly lower than that with P. australis and Spartina alterniflora (site B). Sites
di erences were due to higher microbial activity at site A, which led to higher soil respiration intensity and greater carbon outputs.
This indicated that the capability of organic carbon accumulation of the site B soils was greater than at site A. In addition, petroleum
pollution and soil salinity were di erent in the two wetland soils. After bio-remediation, the soil petroleum pollution at site B was
reduced to a similar level of site A. However, the culturable microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the remediated soils were also
lower than at site A. These results indicated that greater petroleum pollution at site B did not markedly inhibit soil microbial activity.
Therefore, di erences in vegetation type and soil salinity were the primary factors responsible for the variation in microbial activity,
organic carbon output and organic carbon accumulation capability between site A and site B. 相似文献