复合式干法选煤成套设备

由河北省唐山市神州机械有限公司开发、河北省环保产业协会推荐的复合式干法选煤成套设备适用于作动力煤的各煤种原煤排除矸石；排除中、高硫煤中硫铁矿，降低硫分；劣质煤、煤矸石、低热值煤的回收；干旱缺水地区及冬季严寒地区的煤炭加工；褐煤、易泥化煤等不适于水洗加工的原煤分选；煤炭集运站、燃煤发电厂、煤气化工厂等；城市生活垃圾分类设备的换代产品。     

美国有关危险废物管理的若干法律制度简述

美国关于危险废物管理的法律包括联邦级和地方级（州、市。县和其他地方自治体）的法律、法规。在联邦一级，除《国家环境政策法人《资源保护回收法》（RCRA）、《环境反应、补偿和责任法》（CERCLA）等国会立法外，联邦环境保护局（EPA）还制定了上百个关于固体废物、危险废物的收集、贮存、分离、运输、处理、处置、回收利用的条例、规则、规范、标准、指南等。这些法律、法规中对危险废物管理，规定了若干法律制度。1、危险废物申报登记制度EPA制定的《危险废物鉴别条例》规定，所有危险废物的经营者，包括生产者、运输、处理、贮…     

德国垃圾处理的现状及政策

垃圾在德国可主要分成以下几大类：（1）家庭生活垃圾及与之相类似的其它垃圾；（2）有毒有害废弃物．又称特殊垃圾（如有毒有害的化学品．化工厂废弃物，固体沥青、焦油废渣，废酸、碱等）；（3）建筑工地垃圾。一、家庭生活垃圾的处理和综合利用1990年西德共有垃圾约3亿吨。其中生活垃圾及与生活垃圾相似的其它垃圾约占总量的11％。根据联邦环保局调查，西德1979到198O年间，纯粹的家庭生活垃圾中约含金属4％、玻璃12％、塑料制品6％、纸张19％以及含绿色植物26％。这充分表明在家庭生活垃圾中有相当一部分是可以回收、利用的物质。由于…     

环球扫描

<正>他山之石:意大利近期环境政策进展——土壤与固废2016年意大利在土壤保护和固废处理方面采取了一系列措施。意大利玻璃和钢制包装回收产业发展良好;为促进垃圾分类,发布《城市垃圾分类收集率测算方法导则》;为配合欧盟厨余垃圾减半的目标,意大利率先通过相关法律;为保护土壤环境,意大利不仅加强土壤填埋场地治理,     

践行“公民十条” 分类投放垃圾

正分类投放垃圾第五条分类投放垃圾。学习并掌握垃圾分类和回收利用知识,按标志单独投放有害垃圾,分类投放其他生活垃圾,不乱扔、乱放。《公民生态环境行为规范(试行)》     

政策法规

正靠法治手段推进垃圾分类国务院办公厅转发国家发改委、住建部《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》已满一年,近日有媒体专门实地调查走访,发现许多地方的垃圾分类推广工作依然步履维艰:有的地方垃圾桶都是"清一色",不仅没有标注分类,垃圾回收车回收     

国内资讯

中国静脉产业发展研讨会近日提出,要从政策制定、技术研发、园区建设等方面加强静脉产业园建设,通过优惠税收、贷款、财政补贴、土地利用等方式,推进静脉产业发展。静脉产业被喻为我国未来30年极具发展前途的战略性新兴产业。我国通过发展静脉产业,有效降低了企业污染物排放,回收可利用的资源,有利于企业节约能源资源和增效减负。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液对地下水污染的修复技术

在查阅国内外相关文献资料的基础上，综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生以及对地下水的污染，介绍了垃圾渗滤液污染控制措施，包括顶部覆盖层、垃圾分层填埋、地表入渗水导流等；然后主要介绍了地下水的原位修复技术，包括加药法、地下曝气法、生物修复，等。     

建筑垃圾再生骨料中杂质对其制备再生混凝土性能影响研究

为了降低建筑垃圾肆意堆放造成的围城风险，提高建筑垃圾高值资源化利用程度，增强再生材料工程安全性能，采用控制变量法，开展了建筑垃圾再生骨料杂质种类及含量对再生混凝土性能的影响研究。结果表明，在设计配合比条件下，建筑垃圾再生混凝土28d抗压强度满足C25强度等级要求，且具有较高的安全余量，表现出韧性强，抗变形性能好等力学特征。混凝土性能主要受再生骨料杂质含量、吸水性、粘合性、填充性等因素影响。其中，木屑和金属可显著提高混凝土浆体的粘聚性，降低流动性，最大降幅接近50%。而玻璃提高了混凝土拌料的流动度，最大增幅达32%。当玻璃掺入量达到6%时，混凝土28d抗压强度约18MPa,降幅接近50%,严重制约混凝土安全性。因此，建筑垃圾资源化利用时，应提高骨料除杂分选效率，降低再生骨料的含杂率，其杂质总含量宜低于3%,以保障再生混凝土的安全性及工作性。     

价格激励对我国农村生活固体垃圾回收的效应分析

农村生活固体垃圾回收对减少垃圾污染有着重要的作用。本文利用6省1 118个农户的调查数据,实证分析了垃圾销售价格对垃圾回收的影响。研究结果表明,垃圾销售价格对纸制品类、塑料制品类垃圾的回收量有着显著的正效应。当这两类垃圾的回收价格增加0.1元.kg-1,我国农村每年纸制品、塑料制品垃圾分别可以增加回收61.52万t和34.45万t。为了减少农村生活固体垃圾污染,改善农村生活环境,建议政府在制定农村垃圾回收、处理等政策时,可以考虑通过对回收品的价格补贴等手段,来增加纸制品、塑料制品垃圾回收。     

关于固体废物污染环境防治法修改的研究思考

2019年6月,《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法（修订草案）》（以下简称草案）经国务院审议通过,并初次提请全国人大常委会审议。草案修订力度之大,值得充分肯定。同时,草案还存在不少提升空间,需要进一步深入研究。本文以习近平生态文明思想为引领,按照中央全面依法治国委员会第二次会议提出的加强立法统筹、立改废释并举要求,剖析了当前我国固体废物环境管理及其立法修法中面临的挑战,以及存在的突出问题;并从明确固废污染防治立法原则、强化政府统筹管理、明确各部门职责、强化区域统筹、完善跨区域转移监管机制、统筹国内外相关法律法规及政策文件等方面提出了完善草案的建议,以期为我国固废管理决策和草案修改提供参考。     

西部地区危险废物管理立法探讨

我国西部地区危险废物产生量大,处置贮存和综合利用情况不理想。但是,西部地区的立法无论是数量、层次以及内容等还有许多方面不能支持现实的管理工作,有待完善。本文在分析了西部地区危险废物立法不足的基础上,提出应当从加大对危险废物的地方立法,提高立法层次;丰富危险废物的立法内容;完善相关法律责任;增强激励措施这四个方面入手。     

Security risks in nuclear waste management: Exceptionalism,opaqueness and vulnerability

This paper analyses some potential security risks, concerning terrorism or more mundane forms of crime, such as fraud, in management of nuclear waste using a PEST scan (of political, economic, social and technical issues) and some insights of criminologists on crime prevention. Nuclear waste arises as spent fuel from ongoing energy generation or other nuclear operations, operational contamination or emissions, and decommissioning of obsolescent facilities. In international and EU political contexts, nuclear waste management is a sensitive issue, regulated specifically as part of the nuclear industry as well as in terms of hazardous waste policies. The industry involves state, commercial and mixed public–private bodies. The social and cultural dimensions – risk, uncertainty, and future generations – resonate more deeply here than in any other aspect of waste management. The paper argues that certain tendencies in regulation of the industry, claimed to be justified on security grounds, are decreasing transparency and veracity of reporting, opening up invisible spaces for management frauds, and in doing allowing a culture of impunity in which more serious criminal or terrorist risks could arise. What is needed is analysis of this ‘exceptional’ industry in terms of the normal cannons of risk assessment – a task that this paper begins.     

Binational management of hazardous waste: The maquiladora industry at the US-Mexico border

Foreign-owned industry in the form of assembly plants, termed maquiladora, has become very important in Mexico to the extent that it represents the second largest source of foreign exchange and is a valuable source for employment and regional development. The economic prosperity gained from the rapid growth of the maquiladora industry has been accompanied by increased environmental and human health risks associated with generation of hazardous waste. Diversification of industry has resulted in the predomination of those sectors that likely use hazardous substances. The Mexicali-Calexico border region was selected to demonstrate the potential for environmental and health risks associated with the generation of hazardous waste. Estimates for the generation of hazardous waste were obtained from 34 maquiladora plants in Mexicali, represented by the electronic and electrical equipment and parts, mechanical and transportation equipment, and toys and sporting equipment sectors. Repeated detection of volatile organic compounds in the New River at the US-Mexico border suggests that hazardous waste from the printed circuit board industry in Mexicali is not being disposed of in a proper manner. Potential adverse health effects, such as carcinogenic and mutagenic responses associated with the detected volatiles, are discussed. US and Mexico national legislation and the Binational Environmental Agreement were examined for their adequacy to ensure proper management of hazardous waste generated by the maquiladora industry. Environmental policy options are presented that focus on: (1) increased environmental accountability of US parent companies for their maquiladora assembly plants in Mexico; and (2) more integration between US Customs and border states with the US Environmental Protection Agency to improve the binational management of hazardous waste generated by the maquiladora industry.     

The UK Landfill Tax: an analysis of its contribution to sustainable waste management

The UK Government in October 1996 introduced a Landfill Tax to ensure that landfill waste disposal is properly priced so as to reflect its environmental cost and to help promote a more sustainable approach to waste management in which less waste is produced, reused or recycled. The UK Customs and Excise have recently reviewed the tax and the report indicates that there has been a modest reduction in waste going to landfill by industry but not households. It is submitted that for there to be a significant move towards a more sustainable approach to waste management to meet the targets set in the National Strategy the tax should be higher and the money raised by the tax should be invested to make alternatives to landfill cheaper and more readily available. It is also submitted that the Tax Credit Scheme, introduced as a means of enabling some of the tax to be invested to promote better waste management, is inadequately funded and the money is inappropriately focused. Following an examination of the projects and contributions made under the Scheme it is found that most of the contributions are not made towards projects which will fulfil the UK Government's perceived purposes. It is further submitted that there needs to be a more rational approach to waste management and legislation in Philadelphia forms a good case study of such an approach     

碳达峰碳中和目标下固体废物治理的法律因应

我国在联合国大会上提出了“2030年碳达峰2060年碳中和”的目标。为达成此目标,固体废物治理领域也需要积极作出响应。固体废物治理体系的核心是固体废物的处置。不同的固体废物处置方式有着不同的碳排放结果,填埋或焚烧方式处置所排放的温室气体量都远大于循环利用的方式。应以固体废物领域碳排放统一核算制度为基石,从推进政策实施和立法修改等的多个层面上去因应。立法面向上,《固体废物污染环境防治法》《清洁生产促进法》《循环经济促进法》乃至编纂中的“环境法典”都应当围绕减碳模式的固体废物处置方式改进和制定相关法律规范;制度建设面向上,以固体废物碳排放强制核算法律制度建设为主,通过碳排放强制核算制度规范相关主体及其权利义务关系并深度挖掘固体废物处置的碳减排潜力。     

Critical review of medical waste legislation in Spain

Medical waste is potentially dangerous since it may contain pathogenic agents. As a result, medical waste management requires that institutions take decisions, and implement a wide range of measures in order to reduce health risks. In this respect, many European countries have enacted legislation and good practice guidelines to define, classify, and treat medical waste. In reference to Spain, even though no specific national law has as yet been passed to regulate medical waste management, 13 of its regional governments have adopted regulations concerning medical waste management to guarantee health and environment protection. This paper presents the results of a study of the regional legislation in Spain. In our research, certain differences were detected regarding the criteria used for sorting, collection, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal practices. It was found that these differences in waste management criteria could have health implications as well as environmental and economic consequences, both inside and outside healthcare installations. The paper also proposes a set of general criteria upon which medical waste management should be based. Effective medical waste management should include the following: (i) a clear definition of medical waste and of the scope of legislation concerning it; (ii) basic principles to promote the reduction of the amount of waste generated at a source; (iii) a homogeneous classification of this waste; (iv) the implementation of environment-friendly waste treatment technologies.     

The management of household hazardous waste in the United Kingdom

Waste legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) implements European Union (EU) Directives and Regulations. However, the term used to refer to hazardous waste generated in household or municipal situations, household hazardous waste (HHW), does not occur in UK, or EU, legislation. The EU's Hazardous Waste Directive and European Waste Catalogue are the principal legislation influencing HHW, although the waste categories described are difficult to interpret. Other legislation also have impacts on HHW definition and disposal, some of which will alter current HHW disposal practices, leading to a variety of potential consequences. This paper discusses the issues affecting the management of HHW in the UK, including the apparent absence of a HHW-specific regulatory structure. Policy and regulatory measures that influence HHW management before disposal and after disposal are considered, with particular emphasis placed on disposal to landfill.     

Management of old landfills by utilizing forest and energy industry waste flows

The lack of landfill capacity, forthcoming EU waste disposal and landfill management legislation and the use of non-renewable and energy intensive natural resources for the end-treatment of old landfills increase pressures to develop new landfill management methods. This paper considers a method for the end-management of old landfills in Finland, which is based on the utilization of forest and paper industry waste flows, wastes from paper recycling (de-inking) and wastes from forest industry energy production. Fibre clay wastes from paper mills, de-inking sludges from de-inking of recovered waste paper and incineration ash from forest industry power plants serve to substitute the use of natural clay for the building of landfill structures for closed landfills. Arguably, this method is preferable to existing practices of natural clay use for landfill building, because it (1) substitutes non-renewable natural clay, (2) consumes less energy and generates less CO2 emissions than the use of natural clay, and (3) eliminates considerable amounts of wastes from paper production, paper consumption and from forest industry energy production. Some difficulties in the application of the method are considered and the waste flow utilization is incorporated into a local forest industry recycling network.     

云南省洱海流域农业生态补偿机制研究

围绕洱海流域种植业产业结构调整、畜禽废弃物资源化利用问题,依托项目示范对农业生态补偿机制进行研究。以大理州政府为补偿主体,示范区内农户为补偿对象,结合资金补贴、技物补偿、智力扶持等补偿途径,开展测土配方施肥、发酵床生态养猪、稻田养鱼、牛粪秸秆混种双孢菇等典型农业生态补偿模式研究,提出了1套农业生态补偿办法。针对补贴力度不足、补贴涵盖领域窄、缺少科学评估方法等问题,分别从政策立法、项目实施、理论研究、试点示范4个层面提出逐步构建洱海流域农业生态补偿机制的建议。