重金属Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋及氯氰菊酯对不同施肥模式土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

通过研究外源污染物在不同施肥模式土壤中的生物有效性,可为预测、降低污染物的生态环境效应提供理论依据.以3种不同施肥模式的士壤为材料[连续16 a:不施肥(CK)、施用腐熟豆饼 秸秆(OM)和施用NPK化肥(NPK)],利用Biolog方法研究了Cu2 (100 mg/ks)、Cd2 (5 mg/kg)、氯氰菊酯(10 mg/kg)单一及复合污染对微生物功能多样性的影响.结果发现,NPK土壤微生物功能多样性最高,培养72 h,其AWCD值(平均吸光值)约为cK的1.19倍,OM的1.62倍.污染物加入后,3种土壤微生物功能多样性出现了不同的响应,NPK土壤下降最大,其次是CK,OM最小.氯氰菊酯与Cd复合污染对微生物功能多样性影响最大,在NPK土壤中AWCD下降了48%,6类碳源的利用能力、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Mclntosh指数均显著降低.尽管氯氰菊酯对3种土壤微生物的碳源利用影响不大,但与重金属,尤其是Cd2 复合污染时.对微生物碳源利用的抑制明显加剧.Cu2 、Cd2 及氯氰菊酯对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响程度,除与土壤有机质含量有关外,可能还取决于有机质的组成和微生物的种群结构.     

Cd2+、Cu2+和Zn2+对人工湿地反硝化作用的影响

实验室研究了 3种重金属离子 Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺对人工湿地反硝化作用的影响 .以 100、500、1000 mg/kg剂量的 Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺处理人工湿地土壤样品 ,检测其 N₂O的产生 .结果表明 ,3种金属离子的 500、1000mg/kg处理组土样 N₂O的产生均显著降低 ,各金属离子抑制 N₂O产生的程度顺序为 Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cu²⁺,这与 3种金属离子在土样中的有效态浓度顺序是一致的 ,反硝化微生物在处理过程中逐步产生了对重金属离子的耐受性 ,500、1000mg/kg处理组样品的 NH⁺₄- N浓度较对照组显著升高提示部分 NO^-₃- N由于反硝化过程的抑制而异化性还原为 NH⁺₄-N.     

沙蚕暴露于石油烃、Cu2+和Cd2+毒性效应及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的响应

采用浓度梯度污染暴露室内模拟方法,研究了沙蚕（Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube）暴露于不同浓度的石油烃和重金属Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺的毒性效应及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的响应.结果表明,石油烃和Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺对沙蚕均具有较强的毒性效应.暴露4 d和10 d后,石油烃LC₅₀分别为440和110 μg·L^-1,Cu²⁺分别为1 150和570 μg·L^-1,Cd²⁺分别为5 090和2 500 μg·L^-1,相应的生态毒性大小为：石油烃＞Cu²⁺＞Cd²⁺.在Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺污染暴露条件下,沙蚕体内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性受到一定程度的抑制,但抑制率均低于50％.而在石油烃污染暴露条件下,沙蚕体内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性受到显著抑制,最高抑制率可达90％以上;而且,其乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化与石油烃的浓度显著相关.可见,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化可以作为生物标志物,较灵敏地反映出石油烃对沙蚕的污染效应及其毒害作用.     

Cd2+、Pb2+在根际和非根际土壤中的吸附-解吸行为

采用1次平衡法对Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺在小麦根际和非根际土壤中的吸附-解吸行为进行比较研究.结果表明,根际土对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附能力高于非根际土,2类土壤对Cd²⁺的吸附等温线与Freundlich方程有较好的拟合性,Pb²⁺的等温吸附过程可由Langmuir方程与Freundlich方程来描述.双常数方程是描述根际、非根际土Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺吸附动力学行为的最优模型,其次为Elovich方程,最差模型是一级动力学方程.Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺ 的解吸存在滞后现象,相比于非根际土,根际土吸附态Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺ 的解吸率更低,Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺的解吸量与其初始吸附量之间的关系符合2次幂方程.2类土壤Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺的解吸速率随重金属初始浓度的增加而增加,随解吸时间的延长而不断降低.描述根际和非根际土Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺的解吸动力学过程的最优模型均为双常数方程,其次为Elovich方程,一级动力学方程拟合效果不佳.     

不同组成活性污泥胞外聚合物吸附Cd2+、Zn2+特征

以蛋白质和糖含量比分别为2.5∶1、7∶1和9∶1的3种活性污泥胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)EPS1、EPS2、EPS3作为吸附剂,研究其对水中Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺的吸附效能.结果表明,EPS对Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺的吸附与其组成有关,EPS1、EPS2和EPS3对Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺吸附量分别约为19.5、　27、　17　mg/g和40.5、 47.5、 37　mg/g. 3种胞外聚合物对Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺吸附过程可在1 h内快速平衡.动力学拟合结果表明,EPS1对2种重金属的吸附速率最快,而EPS2对Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺的平衡吸附容量最高.Freundlich和Langmuir方程均可描述3种EPS对Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺的吸附过程,方程参数拟合结果表明2种金属同EPS之间存在多种作用方式.3种EPS的吸附热力学方程拟合系数均表明EPS对Zn²⁺的吸附稳定性、吸附能力和亲和力均比对Cd²⁺的吸附强;当EPS中糖所占比例增加时,其对重金属的吸附能力也提高,表明糖在吸附过程中起着重要作用.     

两性复配修饰黏土对苏丹草修复Cu2+污染紫色土的影响

为了探索添加吸附材料对植物修复Cu²⁺污染土壤的影响,选取不同十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱 （BS-12）和十四烷基磺酸钠 （STS）复配修饰比例（50%BS-12+25%STS、50%BS-12+50%STS和50%BS-12+100%STS）的膨润土作为吸附材料,将其分别以1%的质量比加入到紫色土（PS）中,形成PS（对照）、PBS₂₅（50%BS-12+25%STS修饰膨润土混合紫色土）、PBS₅₀和PBS₁₀₀四种混合土样。采用盆栽实验对比苏丹草在0（CK）、50、100、200和500 mg/L Cu²⁺污染混合土样中的发芽率、株高、地上部和根系生物量,并分析混合土样和苏丹草对Cu²⁺污染的修复效果。结果显示,随着Cu²⁺处理浓度的增加,苏丹草在PS上的种子发芽率逐渐降低,而在各PBS土样上的发芽率基本保持先增加后稳定的趋势;不同Cu²⁺污染混合土样上的苏丹草株高均随生长时间的增加而增加。苏丹草地上部、根系干重和鲜重在PBS₂₅、PBS₅₀土样上均随Cu²⁺处理浓度的增大而降低,而在PS和PBS₁₀₀土样上均随Cu²⁺处理浓度的增加先增加后降低,峰值分别出现在200和100 mg/L的Cu²⁺处理。Cu²⁺污染处理下苏丹草各生理指标之间均保持中度以上正相关关系,且相关系数表现为PBS₁₀₀最高、PBS₂₅和PBS₅₀次之、PS最低的趋势。各混合土样对Cu²⁺的吸附能力表现为PBS₂₅ > PBS₅₀ > PBS₁₀₀ > PS,苏丹草对Cu²⁺的富集含量表现为PS > PBS₁₀₀ > PBS₅₀ > PBS₂₅的趋势,苏丹草联合两性复配黏土修复Cu²⁺污染紫色土的修复率达99%以上。     

模拟酸雨条件下Cd2+在土壤及其矿物表面的解吸动力学特征

利用流动搅动法研究在模拟酸雨条件下土壤和矿物表面Cd2+的解吸动力学特征,结果表明,Cd²⁺的解吸动力学能用一级动力学描述,红壤和针铁矿上Cd²⁺解吸率为70%～100%,砖红壤和高岭土上解吸率为25%～50%;砖红壤上Cd²⁺解吸动力学可用扩散方程描述,但该方程并不适合描述红壤、针铁矿和高岭土上Cd²⁺的解吸;Elovich方程在描述Cd²⁺解吸时比双常数方程和抛物线扩散方程要好,这也说明Cd²⁺的解吸为一非均相扩散过程.Cd²⁺的解吸过程分为快反应和慢反应,快反应过程在60min内完成(除砖红壤外),随后达到平衡状态.Cd²⁺在土壤表面的快反应与交换态Cd²⁺有关,边面羟基化的键合点位与Cd²⁺亲和力的不同是导致Cd²⁺解吸速率和解吸量差异的原因.流出液pH值的上升反映出土壤表面存在质子的消耗,这可能与硫酸根的专性吸附释放羟基和矿物表面的质子化有关,这在砖红壤上表现得特别明显.     

老化作用对生物炭钝化白云鄂博矿区碱性土壤中Cd2+的影响

生物炭虽然已经广泛用于酸性和中性土壤重金属污染修复,然而当生物炭应用于碱性土壤中经历不同程度的老化后是否会改变其结构和固定重金属的能力却关注较少.因此,以玉米秸秆为原料制备生物炭,采用冻融和干湿这两种人工加速老化培养和一种短期自然老化方法对生物炭进行老化实验.老化后测定土壤的pH和Cd²⁺的有效态含量、总量和形态,并从土壤中分离生物炭进行表征,探讨老化作用对生物炭钝化矿区碱性土壤中Cd²⁺的影响.结果表明,白云鄂博矿区碱性土壤中添加生物炭处理不具有显著的石灰化效应,冻融和干湿加速老化处理中pH整体呈下降趋势.与对照相比,添加生物炭后Cd²⁺有效态含量降低了19.32%~30.67%,总Cd²⁺含量下降了5.02%~7.18%.老化作用未能显著改变Cd²⁺的形态,但降低了酸可提取态与可还原态的比例,说明生物炭即使经历老化,依然能够长期固定Cd²⁺,这与生物炭老化后含氧官能团和孔隙结构的增加有关.研究可为生物炭在矿区环境中的长期应用提供理论依据.     

石油烃、Cu2+对沙蚕的毒性效应及对其抗氧化酶系统的影响

在实验室模拟条件下,研究了石油烃和不同浓度的Cu²⁺对沙蚕(Nereis diversicolor)种群的毒性效应及对其抗氧化酶系统活性的影响.结果表明:石油烃和Cu²⁺对沙蚕均表现出较强的毒性,暴露3d后,其LD₅₀值分别为117.5μL·L^-1和864.0μg·L^-1.Cu²⁺单因子污染暴露5d后,沙蚕体内过氧化物酶(POD)的活性受到显著影响,表现出先受到抑制后缓慢增加的趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性也发生显著变化,其变化趋势为先被诱导而后抑制.石油烃以其约为半致死剂量水平单因子暴露5d后,POD的活性并未被显著诱导,SOD的活性则低于对照组.在石油烃与Cu²⁺复合污染的条件下,暴露5d后沙蚕体内POD和SOD活性表现出相同的变化趋势,即先下降后上升.通过比较,还发现沙蚕体内SOD的活性变化更能灵敏地反映出污染物对沙蚕的毒性作用.     

深海适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913胞外多糖对Pb2+和Cu2+的吸附性能研究

采用深海适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913分泌的胞外多糖（EPS）分别对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺进行吸附,研究了多糖用量、pH、吸附时间和共存离子对EPS吸附性能的影响及EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附热力学.结果表明,EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附量随EPS投加量的增加而减小.EPS对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的最佳吸附pH分别为4.5～5.5和4.5～6.0. EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附平衡时间为90　min,对Pb²⁺的吸附平衡时间则长达180　min.共存离子Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺的加入均降低了EPS对Pb²⁺的吸附量,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的加入降低了EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附量,但低浓度的Na⁺和实验范围浓度的K⁺不仅没有降低反而增加了EPS对Cu²⁺的吸附量.Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich方程均能较好地描述SM9913胞外多糖吸附Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的热力学过程,由Dubinin-Radushkevich方程得到SM9913胞外多糖对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的最大吸附量分别为243.3 mg/g (10℃) 和36.7 mg/g (40℃).胞外多糖吸附金属离子前后的红外光谱分析表明,多聚糖中C—O—C、乙酰基和羟基是起主要吸附作用的官能团.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.