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全球气候变暖对人类健康的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
文章阐述了全球气候变暖对人类和自然的直接影响和间接影响.诸如各种疾病的扩散上升,死亡率增加,还可使暴风雨、飓风、干旱、水灾等极端事件发生的频率升高. 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2013,(6):27-27
人民网消息世界卫生组织下属国际癌症研究机构17日发布报告,首次指认大气污染“对人类致癌”,并视其为普遍和主要的环境致癌物。专家认为,量化到每个人,大气污染致癌几率不高,但危害在于几乎难以完全避免这种可能。 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2013,(6):46-46
据英国《卫报》报道,一项新的研究发现,澳大利亚附近水域中每平方公里飘浮着多达4000多个小塑料颗粒,对海洋生物以及人类的生活造成了严重的威胁。 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2010,(2):43-43
新华社消息在2010年3月22日第18个世界水日到来之际,联合国教科文组织总干事博科娃表示,全球有近9亿人无法获得安全的饮用水,水质恶化已经严重影响生态环境和人类健康。 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2009,(3):3-3
联合国环境规划署2009年5月9日发表声明说,来自全球160多个国家和地区的代表当天在13内瓦达成共识,同意减少并最终禁止使用9种严重危害人类健康与自然环境的有毒化学物质。 相似文献
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目前全国生态保护红线划定工作基本结束,开展生态保护红线监管工作事关国家生态安全,是今后我国生态保护的重要举措和重点工作。依托国家生态保护红线监管平台监管业务系统,研究基于卫星遥感的生态保护红线人类活动提取方法和流程,并以宁夏为例,验证其科学性和可靠性。结果显示:基于卫星遥感技术构建的方法精度较高,可操作性较强,为生态保护红线人类活动监管提供了思路;使用该技术方法的作业效率相比人工解译提升了2~3倍,提取的宁夏生态破坏问题图斑准确率达到66%,人类活动提取准确率更是达到95%,能够满足生态保护红线人类活动监管需求;宁夏55%的县(区、市)生态保护红线内发现新增和规模扩大人类活动,从空间分布来看,主要集中在西部和南部,北部和中部分布较少,其中彭阳县、沙坡头区和中宁县人类活动影响面积最大。 相似文献
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Raeymaekers B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):233-243
In order to establish a monitoring method to track long term changes of the amount of anthropogenic contamination in a district
of Bavaria (Germany), a biomonitoring campaign with honey bees was performed in spring 2002. Expected anomalies from the industry
or from residential areas in the sampled district could not be detected. An anomaly over a considerable part of the sampling
area correlating with other phenomena lead to the hypothesis of a prehistoric cosmic impact. Moreover a principal component
analysis of the data showed evidence for a biogenic, an anthropogenic and an unknown component hypothetically related to a
possible cosmic impact. 相似文献
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Van Meel K Worobiec A Stranger M Van Grieken R 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(8):989-992
Atmospheric aerosols can consist of, amongst others, compounds like NH(4)NO(3) or (NH(4))(2)SO(4). Such components can suffer radiation damage and/or evaporate during EDXRF measurements, providing errors on successively applied analysis. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of measurements using conventional EDXRF on the volatile compounds and to compare it with the influence of polarized beam EDXRF using secondary targets (and hence indirect irradiation). The effect of different parameters (acquisition time, accelerating voltage, current and medium) on the concentration loss was studied. The measurements performed in vacuum during a long period lead to the highest losses of volatile compounds. The influence of direct irradiation was proved to be larger than the indirect variant. 相似文献
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B. S. NEGI V. MEENAKSHY T. M. KRISHNAMOORTHY 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,47(3):303-313
The Ko factor method in neutron activation analysis adopts all the principles of comparator method and can be used for the rapid determination of elemental comcentrations during routine monitoring of environmental samples. The method necessiates the use of same in-pile conditions, such as irradiation time, irradiation position and the type of neutron spectrum, for which the factors have been generated. The K_o factors were estimated for various elements of environmental importance for three irradiation positions of Apsara Reactor at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Standard reference materials of soil and coal were used for all the elements except for Hg for which HgCl2 was used. The concentration of the elements determined using these factors in a flyash standard reference material revealed good agreement within 10% of the certified values. The efficacy of the method compared well with that of specific element comparator method as revealed by the elemental concentrations obtained by both the techniques. 相似文献
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β射线法空气PM_(10)监测结果的准确性探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前国内有很多地市使用β射线法仪器监测空气PM10,本文结合实际,在国内PM10连续自动监测质量控制体系相对薄弱且国家尚未开展标准膜片检定与溯源的情况下,对在用β射线法仪器PM10监测结果的准确性进行了一些实验探讨,期望能提供给同行参考。 相似文献
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Psillakis E Ntelekos A Mantzavinos D Nikolopoulos E Kalogerakis N 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(1):135-140
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS has been used to monitor the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by ultrasound treatment. Immersion SPME sampling enabled the fast and solventless extraction of target contaminants at the low microg l(-1) concentration level. The developed protocol was found to be linear in the concentration range from 0.1 to 50 microg l(-1) for most target analytes, with the limits of detection ranging between 0.01 and 0.70 microg l(-1) and the relative standard deviations between 4.31 and 27%. The developed SPME protocol was used to follow concentration profiles of aqueous solutions containing 16 PAHs, which were subject to low frequency ultrasonic irradiation. At the conditions employed in this study (80 kHz of ultrasound frequency, 130 W l(-1) of applied electric power density, 30 microg l(-1) of initial concentration for each of the 16 PAHs), sonochemical treatment was found capable of destroying the lower molecular weight PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) within 120-180 min of irradiation. The higher molecular weight PAHs were more recalcitrant to ultrasound treatment. 相似文献
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用扫描电镜/X射线衍射能谱(SEM/EDX)对喀什地区、乌鲁木齐市米东区、和田地区的总悬浮颗粒(TSP)的单个颗粒进行了形貌观察。经分析得出:喀什地区颗粒物无规则形为34%,片状为54%;和田地区的颗粒物片状为80%,球形为12%;乌鲁木齐市米东区的颗粒物均匀球形蜂窝聚集态为90%。对此作来源解析可以认为:乌鲁木齐市米东区的TSP主要来源是燃烧排放的飞灰及在大气中形成的二次粒子居多,而喀什地区及和田地区的TSP主要来源为土壤及矿物颗粒灰尘。 相似文献
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The effect of light and iron(II)/iron(III) on the distribution of Tl(I)/Tl(III) in fresh water systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The distribution of aqueous Tl(I)/Tl(III) as a function of light exposure and solution properties was studied by quantifying the oxidation states after separation with ion chromatography and on-line detection with ICP-MS. Ultraviolet irradiation of aqueous solutions containing 1 microg l(-1) Tl(III) and in equilibrium with the atmosphere increases the reduction rate. In systems with photoreduction of Fe(III)(aq) a quantitative oxidation of Tl(I)(aq) was observed, notably at low pH. The process is reversible, as indicated by formation of Tl(I) when the irradiated systems were kept in the dark. In systems with colloidal silica-stabilised ferrihydrite, UV irradiation also leads to oxidation of Tl(I)(aq), but not quantitatively. It is suggested that adsorption of thallium to the ferrihydrite determines the rate of oxidation. Detectable, but not quantitative, oxidation of Tl(I)(aq) took place when natural water samples with 1 microg l(-1) Tl(I)(aq) were exposed to either sunlight or UV-light. For these samples, the reduction was not quantitative when they were kept in the dark for 24 h. The results suggest that the light dependent iron cycle in fresh water systems strongly influences the redox state of thallium. 相似文献
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Juliana Carla Garcia Thábata Karoliny Formicoly de Souza Freitas Soraya Moreno Palácio Elizangela Ambrósio Maísa Tatiane Ferreira Souza Lídia Brizola Santos Vitor de Cinque Almeida Nilson Evelázio de Souza 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2179-2187
Textile industry wastes raise a great concern due to their strong coloration and toxicity. The objective of the present work was to characterize the degradation and mineralization of textile effluents by advanced oxidative processes using either TiO2 or TiO2/H2O2 and to monitor the toxicity of the products formed during 6-h irradiation in relation to that of the in natura effluent. The results demonstrated that the TiO2/H2O2 association was more efficient in the mineralization of textile effluents than TiO2, with high mineralized ion concentrations (NH 4 + , NO 3 ? , and SO 4 2? ) and significantly decreased organic matter ratios (represented by the chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon). The toxicity of the degradation products after 4-h irradiation to Artemia salina L. was not significant (below 10 %). However, the TiO2/H2O2 association produced more toxicity under irradiation than the TiO2 system, which was attributed to the increased presence of oxidants in the first group. Comparatively, the photogenerated products of both TiO2 and the TiO2/H2O2 association were less toxic than the in natura effluent. 相似文献