青海省环境保护工作会议召开 王国生王建军提出工作要求

正2月7日,青海省环境保护工作会议在西宁召开。会议全面总结党的十八大以来全省环境保护工作,安排部署2018年重点工作。省委书记王国生、省长王建军对全省环境保护工作提出要求,副省长田锦尘出席会议并讲话。王国生要求,全省各级党委政府及环保部门要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指引,牢固树立和践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念,以"四个转变"新思路推动"四个扎扎实实"特别是扎扎实实推进生态环境保护重大要求落地生根。要统筹山水林田湖草系统治理,实行最严格的生态环境保护     

关于申请上市及再融资企业环境保护核查工作的思考

目前,我国上市及申请再融资企业(或公司)环境保护核查工作已经历了启动、规范和研究发展三个阶段。本文分析了上市公司环境保护核查工作与开发建设项目环境影响评价、竣工验收监测或调查的关系,三者之间既有区别又有紧密的联系。指出重污染行业企业也存在生态影响问题,有必要对其生态保护与建设工作进行核查,并提出了生态保护与建设核查的主要内容。     

中国农业环境保护工作现状

一、我国农业环境保护工作发展的几个阶段我国自７０年代开始重视农业生态环境保护工作。我国的农业环境保护工作大体经历了三个阶段：第一阶段,从１９７０年到１９７８年,主要抓了农业环境污染调查,配合工业污染治理开展科学研究,并制订了一些农业环境保护的法规、条...     

白恩培省长在全省环境保护工作座谈会上的讲话

对全省环境保护工作,我个人有三点看法。第一,去年全省环保工作成绩很大。全省上下认真贯彻落实环境保护的各项方针政策和规定,采取切实有效的工业污染防治和生态保护措施,积极推进各项环保基础工作,全省“三点一线”的污染防治初见成效,生态保护明显加强,环保系统...     

积极努力 相互协调 共同做好青海省环境保护工作

由于工作关系,省环委会和青海湖生态环境保护委员会的成员做了较大调整,今天是新一届青海省环境保护委员会和青海湖生态环境保护委员会组成后召开的第一次会议。近几年来,第一届环委会做了大量的、卓有成效的工作,我省的环境保护工作取得了很大成绩,特别是通过坚持不懈地开展环境保护宣传教育,全省各条战线、     

国家环境保护总局关于加强农村生态环境保护工作的若干意见──环发[1999]247号文:附件

为全面贯彻党的十五届三中全会精神,落实污染防治与生态保护并重的环境保护工作方针,促进农村地区生态环境质量的改善,现就加强农村生态环境保护工作提出如下意见：一、提高认识,明确农村生态环境保护的目标与任务农村生态环境保护是环境保护工作的重要组成部分,是改善区域环境质量的重要措施。随着重点流域和区域污染防治与生态保护工作的不断深人,农村生态环境保护的任务越来越重,要求越来越高。当前农村生态环境保护的主要任务是,防治农业生产和农村生活污染,综合整治乡镇环境,促进自然资源的合理开发利用,维护农村重要自然生…     

强化担当 攻坚克难 扎扎实实推动生态环境保护工作迈上新台阶——在全省生态环境保护工作会议上的讲话

正(2019年2月15日)这次全省生态环境保护工作会议,是经省政府批准召开的重要会议,也是省生态环境厅组建后召开的第一次年度工作会。会议的主要任务是,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,认真贯彻习近平生态文明思想,全面落实党的十九大和十九届二中、三中全会及中央经济工作会议,全国生态环境保护工作会议、省委十三届五次全会和全省"两会"精神,总结2018年工作,分析当前生态环境保护面临的形势,安排部署2019年任务。省委省政府对全省生态环境保护工作和     

中央生态环境保护督察制度回顾与展望

中央生态环境保护督察是党中央、国务院推进生态文明建设和生态环境保护工作的重大制度创新。《中央生态环境保护督察工作规定》于近期正式出台,首次以党内法规形式明确了生态环境保护督察的制度框架、程序规范、权限责任等。从发展历程来看,我国生态环境保护督察大致经历了督企为主、督政督企并举、党政同责三个阶段。生态环境保护督察具有突出政治站位、压实责任,坚持问题导向、强化震慑,突出边督边改、取信于民等基本特征。为强化成果应用,全面准确把握当前我国生态环境保护工作的重点难点,本文设置7个一级指标和18个二级指标对首轮中央生态环境保护督察所指问题的分布特征进行统计分析,初步剖析问题产生原因,并从督察对象、督察内容和督察体制方面对第二轮中央生态环境保护督察进行了展望。     

龙羊峡水库生态环境保护工作的回顾与展望

为保护好黄河上游我国海拔最高的人工湖龙羊峡水库的生态环境,多年来国家和青海省各级政府对当地生态环境保护给予了政策、资金等多方面的支持,取得了显著成效。文章对龙羊峡水库生态环境保护工作实施情况、取得的成效进行了阐述,分析了2015年度生态环境保护的主要任务并确定了未来发展目标,旨在总结经验、发现问题,为我省其他湖泊生态环境保护工作提供参考。     

聚焦高水平保护，实施“双线驱动”策略

"十四五"生态环境保护已拉开帷幕,2021年全国生态环境保护工作会议提出"要深刻认识和把握‘三个新’的丰富内涵和战略考量,把思想和行动统一到党中央的重大判断、决策部署上来,认真谋划做好‘十四五’生态环境保护工作",并对"十四五"和2021年生态环境保护工作进行了总体部署,令人鼓舞。在此背景下进一步深入分析我国生态环境保护的工作路线、方针和策略是做好"十四五"工作的必然要求。     

Conversion of temperate forests into heaths: Role of ecosystem disturbance and ericaceous plants

Fire and logging in nutrient-poor temperate forests with certain ericaceous understory plants may convert the forests into heaths. The process of disturbance-induced heath formation is documented by using examples ofCalluna in western Europe,Kalmia in Newfoundland, andGaultheria (salal) in coastal British Columbia. In a cool, temperate climate, rapid vegetative growth ofCalluna, Kalmia, and salal following disturbance results in increasing organic accumulation (paludification), nutrient sequestration, soil acidification, and allelochemicals. These are thought to be the main reasons to conifer regeneration failure in disturbed habitats. If continuation in forest is a land-use objective, then temperate forests with an ericaceous understory should not be logged unless effective silvicultural methods are devised to control the ericaceous plants and restore forest regeneration. Preharvest vegetation control may be considered as an option. Failure to control the understory plants may lead to a long-term vegetation shift, from forest to heathland, particularly in nutrient-poor sites. Successful methods of controllingKalmia andGaultheria, however, have yet to be developed. While theKalmia- andGaultheria- dominated heathlands are undesirable in Canada and the Pacific Northwest, a wide range ofCalluna heathlands of western Europe are being conserved as natural and seminatural vegetation.     

AN APPLICATION RUNOFF MODEL STRATEGY FOR UNGAGED WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Mathematical models for predicting watershed surface flow responses are available, most of which are elaborate nonlinear numerical surface and channel flow models linked with infiltration models. Such models may be used to make predictions for ungaged areas, assuming an acceptable fitting of the model to the topography and roughness of the real system. For some application purposes, these models are impractical because of their complexity and expensive computer solutions. A procedure is developed that uses a complex model of an ungaged area to derive a simpler parametric nonlinear system model for repetitious simulation with input sequences. The predicted flow outputs are obtained with the simpler model at significant savings of money and time. The procedures for constructing a complex kinematic model of a 40 acre (161,880 m²) reference watershed and deriving the simpler system model are outlined. The results of predictions from both models are compared with a selected set of measured events, all having essentially the same initial conditions. Peak discharges ranged from 3 to 118 ft³/sec (0.085 to 3.34 m³/sec), which includes the largest event of record. The inherent limitations of lumped systems models are demonstrated, including the bias caused by their inability to model infiltration losses after rainfall ceases. Computer costs and times for the models were compared. The derived simple model has a cost advantage when repeated use of a model is required. Such an applications hydrologic model has an engineering tradeoff of reduced accuracy, and lumping bias, but is more economical for certain design purposes.     

Using Paleo Reconstructions to Improve Streamflow Forecast Lead Time in the Western United States

In water stressed regions, water managers are exploring new horizons that would help in long‐range streamflow forecasts. Oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence streamflow variability. In this study, long‐lead time streamflow forecasts are made using a multiclass kernel‐based data‐driven support vector machine (SVM) model. The extended streamflow records based on tree ring reconstructions were used to provide a longer time series data. Reconstructed data were used from 1658 to 1952 and the instrumental record was used from 1953 to 2007. Reconstructions for oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations included the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. Streamflow forecasts using all four oscillations were made with one‐year to five‐year lead times for 21 gages in the western United States. This is the first study that uses both instrumental and reconstructed data of oscillations in SVM model to improve streamflow forecast lead time. SVM model was able to provide “satisfactory” to “very good” forecasts with one‐ to five‐year lead time for the selected gages. The use of all the oscillation indices helped in achieving better predictability compared to using individual oscillations. The SVM modeling results are better when compared with multiple linear regression model forecasts. The findings are statistical in nature and are expected to be useful for long‐term water resources planning and management.     

Urban ecological systems: scientific foundations and a decade of progress

Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs.     

Neighbourhood characteristics and urban gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area: staffing and voluntarism,food production,infrastructure, and sustainability practices

Urban gardens are important sources of sustenance for communities with limited access to food. Hence, this study focuses on food production in gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area in Northwest Ohio. We administered surveys to 150 garden managers from November 2014 to February 2015 in our attempt to better understand how neighbourhood racial composition and poverty levels are related to staffing and voluntarism, food production and distribution, the development of infrastructure, and the adoption of sustainability practices in urban gardens. The results from 30 gardens are presented in this paper. We used Geographic Information Systems to map the gardens and overlay the map with 2010 census data so that we could conduct demographic analyses of the neighbourhoods in which the gardens were located. Though the gardens were small – two acres or less – up to 46 varieties of food were grown in a single garden. Gardens also operated on small budgets. Food from the gardens was gifted or shared with friends, family, and neighbourhood residents. Gardens in predominantly minority neighbourhoods tended to have fewer institutional partners, less garden infrastructure, and had adopted fewer sustainable practices than gardens in predominantly White neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, residents of predominantly minority and high-poverty neighbourhoods participated in garden activities and influenced garden operations. Volunteering and staffing were racialised and gendered.     

Predicting deer-vehicle collisions in an urban area

Collisions with deer and other large animals are increasing, and the resulting economic costs and risks to public safety have made mitigation measures a priority for both city and wildlife managers. We created landscape models to describe and predict deer-vehicle collision (DVCs) within the City of Edmonton, Alberta. Models based on roadside characteristics revealed that DVCs occurred frequently where roadside vegetation was both denser and more diverse, and that DVCs were more likely to occur when the groomed width of roadside right-of-ways was smaller. No DVCs occurred where the width of the vegetation-free or manicured roadside buffer was greater than 40 m. Landscape-based models showed that DVCs were more likely in more heterogeneous landscapes where road densities were lower and speed limits were higher, and where non-forested vegetation such as farmland was in closer proximity to larger tracts of forest. These models can help wildlife and transportation managers to identify locations of high collision frequency for mitigation. Modifying certain landscape and roadside habitats can be an effective way to reduce deer-vehicle collisions.     

MANGANESE CYCLE IN IMPOUNDMENT WATER

Manganese entering impounded water will undergo a cyclic transformation. Oxidation precipitates manganese from top waters. At the bottom of the lake, biological activity will render manganese soluble by both intracellular as well as extracellular activity. The study was made to demonstrate that biological reduction and transformation, organometallic complexation, together with the presence of carbon dioxide and the lowering of pH all have some effect on the solubility of manganese. Dissolved manganese may be brought back to top waters during the lake overturn and therefore deteriorates the water quality.     

Biodiversity and biotechnology

The maintenance of biodiversity is urged from many quarters and on grounds ranging from aesthetic considerations to its usefulness, particularly for biotechnology. But regardless of the grounds for preserving biodiversity, writers are generally in agreement that it should be preserved. But, in examining the various references biodiversity, such as species diversity, genetic diversity, and habitat diversity, it is apparent that we cannot aim to preserve biodiversityas such, since there are a number of conflicts in any such undertaking. In preserving one aspect of biodiversity, we damage another aspect. Five arguments which attempt to ground our moral concern for biodiversity are reviewed and critiqued, not only for their consistency but also for their power to move us to action. The final section of the paper shows how conflicts in the values of personal and environmental health can impair ethical action and especially policy formation.An earlier version of this paper was read at the conference on Agriculture, Food, and Human Values: Tradition and Change, Orlando, Florida, October 7–9, 1987.     

Sources and Transport of Phosphorus to Rivers in California and Adjacent States,U.S., as Determined by SPARROW Modeling

The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes) model was used to simulate annual phosphorus loads and concentrations in unmonitored stream reaches in California, U.S., and portions of Nevada and Oregon. The model was calibrated using de‐trended streamflow and phosphorus concentration data at 80 locations. The model explained 91% of the variability in loads and 51% of the variability in yields for a base year of 2002. Point sources, geological background, and cultivated land were significant sources. Variables used to explain delivery of phosphorus from land to water were precipitation and soil clay content. Aquatic loss of phosphorus was significant in streams of all sizes, with the greatest decay predicted in small‐ and intermediate‐sized streams. Geological sources, including volcanic rocks and shales, were the principal control on concentrations and loads in many regions. Some localized formations such as the Monterey shale of southern California are important sources of phosphorus and may contribute to elevated stream concentrations. Many of the larger point source facilities were located in downstream areas, near the ocean, and do not affect inland streams except for a few locations. Large areas of cultivated land result in phosphorus load increases, but do not necessarily increase the loads above those of geological background in some cases because of local hydrology, which limits the potential of phosphorus transport from land to streams.     

Surface applied water treatment residuals affect bioavailable phosphorus losses in Florida sands

Water treatment residuals (WTR) can reduce runoff P loss and surface co-application of P-sources and WTR is a practical way of land applying the residuals. In a rainfall simulation study, we evaluated the effects of surface co-applied P-sources and an Al-WTR on runoff and leacheate bioavailable P (BAP) losses from a Florida sand. Four P-sources, namely poultry manure, Boca Raton biosolids (high water-soluble P), Pompano biosolids (moderate water-soluble P), and triple super phosphate (TSP) were surface applied at 56 and 224kgPha(-1) (by weight) to represent low and high soil P loads typical of P- and N-based amendments rates. The treatments further received surface applied WTR at 0 or 10gWTRkg(-1) soil. BAP loss masses were greater in leachate (16.4-536mg) than in runoff (0.91-46mg), but were reduced in runoff and leachate by surface applied WTR. Masses of total BAP lost in the presence of surface applied WTR were less than approximately 75% of BAP losses in the absence of WTR. Total BAP losses from each of the organic sources applied at N-based rates were not greater than P loss from TSP applied at a P-based rate. The BAP loss at the N-based rate of moderate water-soluble P-source (Pompano biosolids) was not greater than BAP losses at the P-based rates of other organic sources tested. The hazards of excess P from applying organic P-sources at N-based rates are not greater than observed at P-based rates of mineral fertilizer. Results suggest that management of the environmental P hazards associated with N-based rates of organic materials in Florida sands is possible by either applying P-sources with WTR or using a moderate water-soluble P-source.