Integrating pollution prevention into the manufacturing process

An Integrated Manufacturing and Environmental (IME) approach to pollution prevention offers the opportunity to achieve regulatory compliance and substantial operational efficiencies. It is accomplished by realizing the simple fact that waste represents a quality defect and adapting traditional manufacturing industry analytical methods to also consider environmental factors. The author outlines techniques and procedures entailed by this approach that are applicable to both large and small facilities as part of an overall Total Quality Management program. Several case examples are provided.     

Computer-aided tools for pollution prevention: solvent-based processes

This paper provides an analysis of pollution prevention, treatment and cure with respect to solvent-based processes. It is postulated that, in new processes, considering environmental constraints in the early stages of process design can prevent pollution due to inefficient recovery of solvents or inefficient separation by solvents. Pollution in existing processes can also be prevented through early treatment that includes assessment of causes and effects of future changes in process conditions and/or environmental regulations. Pollution cure is more difficult, since the process is already violating some environmental constraints and any solution also needs to satisfy social and economic constraints. A technique for pollution prevention, treatment and cure that is based on the use of computer-aided tools is presented. Application of the technique is illustrated through a case study that highlights the important steps of the solution approach and serves as a proof of concept.     

石油工业污染防治技术回顾与展望(一)——油气田企业废水达标排放技术措施

江苏油田地处环境敏感的水网地区,素有“油井打在花园里”之说,环境监督和污染防治工作十分艰巨。油田历届领导对环境保护工作十分重视,特别是继淮河流域达标治理后,为确保2000年所有工业污染源达标排放,在环境保护管理方面拓展工作思路、创新工作模式;在实施HSE和推行清洁生产诸方面进行了积极的探索,并加大了水网地区污染防治技术的攻关、研究力度。形成了有特色、较实用的管理方法和治理技术,并多次参与了扬州市、江苏省、石化集团公司和国家环境保护系统技术交流。现介绍部分成果,以飨读者！     

Inducing pollution prevention adoption: effectiveness of the 33/50 voluntary environmental program

The Environmental Protection Agency has encouraged voluntary efforts at pollution prevention by facilities through participation in voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) such as the 33/50 program to reduce toxic releases. This paper examines the effectiveness of the 33/50 program in the adoption of pollution prevention practices and disentangles the effect of adoption from that of program participation on releases of 33/50 chemicals. Using facility-specific panel data and controlling for the endogeneity of program participation and pollution prevention adoption, we find that program participants were 38% more likely to adopt pollution prevention practices than non-participants. Program participants who adopted pollution prevention practices reduced their 33/50 releases by 52% compared to facilities that neither participated nor adopted pollution prevention. This indicates that VEPs that emphasize pollution prevention can play a complementary role in reducing toxic releases.     

日本石油企业的环境管理及污染防治

１９９９年８月２２日至２８日,由集回公司质量安全与环保部、新疆独山子石化、集回公司环境监测总站、中加中心的有关技术人员组团一行１０人,对日召三菱公司进行了ＩＳ０１４０００和环境污染防治专题考察访问。回本炼油企业的ＩＳ０１４０００的认证、环境管理体系、污染治理等方面的一些经验做法,值得国内五油、炼化企业学习借鉴。１日本炼油企业ＩＳ０１４０００认证１．１日本企业ＩＳ０１４０００的认证情况日本企业对ＩＳ０１４０００环境管理体系认证很重视,到１９９９年７月底日本共有２２２９个企业通过了ＩＳ０１４０００认…     

Finding green in clean: Progressive pollution prevention at hyde tools

Hyde Tools, Inc., of Southbridge, Massachusetts, is a medium-sized firm employing about three hundred persons. In 1988, it learned of a company that eliminated its wastewater discharge after being threatened with massive Clean Water Act fines resulting from a suit brought by a Massachusetts environmental group. Hyde decided to devise a similar program to attain zero water discharge and do it within five years. More than 75 percent toward its goal, Hyde'S environmental success, detailed in this article, still relies heavily on the company'S Total Quality Management system and the efforts of a dedicated environmental staff. Hyde'S success typifies TQEM in action—showing how small continuous improvements can lead to significant financial paybacks.     

Applying tqem practices to pollution prevention at AT&T's columbus works plant

In recent years AT&T changed its focus on environmental policies from compliance to pollution prevention. Pollution prevention is an integrated program that includes design for the environment, “green” manufacturing, and a comprehensive program to reduce existing waste in production. The principles of Total Quality Management can be applied to pollution prevention as well as the more traditional manufacturing concepts. The project described in this article is one of several concurrent programs being conducted at AT&T'S Columbus Works to reduce overall waste produced by the facility by applying TQM practices.     

最佳钻井防污土建结构的设计及应用

设计了一种高效实用的钻井防污土建结构，该结构与原结构相比能杜绝处理渣泥流入废水沉砂池参与废水循环，也可防止废弃钻井液和掏罐泥浆水直接进入沉砂池，因此能更好地控制钻井废水浓度，一定程度上提高钻井废水处理达标率，同时该结构具有对处理水进一步隔油、净化等优点，现场推广应用后得到证实。     

Integrated water management for the Rhine river basin, from pollution prevention to ecosystem improvement

The river Rhine has been in humanity's use for many centuries for a variety of activities. However, in our time, considerable changes in the course and the natural conditions of the river and the increasing use of the river for the discharge of wastewater has caused serious floods and major ecological problems. Since 1950, the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) acts as the coordination point between the states bordering the Rhine for the development of programmes for river protection. The Sandoz disaster in 1986 was a turning point in the approach of the ICPR and the starting point for the present strategy of integrated riverbasin management. Recent developments have indicated the success of the current approach.     

冀东油田防治环境污染系统工程研究取得重要成果

查清了冀东油田废水池分布和分析了废水水质，提出了废井回灌、集中处理后回灌或回注、用废水处理机现场处理后回注或回灌等三种处理方案。通过室内、外试验论证了废水和废水池废泥治理方法，在采油所产生的含油污水实现全部回注不外排的基础上，再加上钻井废水不外排处理，从此做到了防治环境污染。     

PM2.5污染危害分析及防控措施研究

本文论述了PM2.5对环境的危害,在剖析PM2.5组成与来源的基础上,提出防控PM2.5的政策与技术方面的建议,以期为今后PM2.5的防控工作提供理论基础。     

“污染预防“、“清洁生产“、“循环经济“等不同理念的关系

通过对"污染预防"、"清洁生产"、"循环经济"等关系的阐述,可知减轻对自然资源和环境的压力,实现目的所采取提高资源利用率和控制污染措施的优先顺序一致,区别是采取措施的侧重点不同,由此产生了不同理念的提法,不同理念的内涵本质无差异.     

Beyond pollution prevention: A vision for an integrated environmental business management strategy

In this article the authors assert that successful long-term pollution prevention will require changes in the culture and business practices of an organization such that the term “pollution prevention” eventually becomes obsolete. They envision firms evolving to a point where actions that today are referred to as pollution prevention will simply be part of standard business practices and thoroughly embedded in the firms' culture. Although pollution prevention projects and programs need to be highly visible at the outset to communicate throughout the organization and to demonstrate the benefits that can be gained, companies should adopt a long-term strategy aimed at making fundamental changes in the way they do business, rather than relying solely on piecemeal projects and special plans or programs. Such evolution of the firm will maximize the chances of meeting the dual challenges of business competitiveness and environmental stewardship. This article presents a vision for integrating environmental performance with business objectives and suggests practical steps to begin moving toward that vision.