城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）

为推动城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术进步,明确城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术发展方向和技术原则,指导各地开展城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术研发和推广应用,促进工程建设和运行管理,避免二次污染,保护和改善生态环境,促进节能减排和污泥资源化利用,住房和城乡建设部、环境保护部和科学技术部于2009年2月18日联合发布了《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）》（建城[2009]23号）。全文如下。     

城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策(试行)

关于印发<城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策(试行)>的通知 各省、自治区、直辖市建设厅(建委、市政管委、水务局)、环保局、科技厅(委),计划单列市建委(建设局)、环保局、科技局,新疆生产建设兵团建设局、环保局、科技局: 为推动城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术进步,明确城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术发展方向和技术原则,指导各地开展城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术研发和推广应用,促进工程建设和运行管理,避免二次污染,保护和改善生态环境,促进节能减排和污泥资源化利用,住房和城乡建设部、环境保护部和科学技术部联合制定了<城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策(试行)>.现印发给你们,请结合本地区实际认真执行.     

城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）——关于印发《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）》的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市建设厅（建委、市政管委、水务局）、环保局、科技厅（委）,计划单列市建委（建设局）、环保局、科技局,新疆生产建设兵团建设局、环保局、科技局： 为推动城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术进步,明确城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术发展方向和技术原则,指导各地开展城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术研发和推广应用,促进工程建设和运行管理,避免二次污染,保护和改善生态环境,促进节能减排和污泥资源化利用,住房和城乡建设部、环境保护部和科学技术部联合制定了《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）》。现印发给你们,请结合本地区实际认真执行。     

污泥干化焚烧技术进展及我国典型工程概况

污泥干化焚烧处置技术是一种较为成熟的污泥处置技术,该工艺路线已逐渐应用于市政污泥的处置工程,其中干化系统和焚烧系统是最核心的部分,其性能及运行状况都对整个污泥处置过程影响很大。文章介绍了目前污泥干化处置技术中采用最多的干化技术,同时以我国的几个典型工程为例,阐述了污泥干化焚烧的工艺流程。     

湿式氧化法在法国污泥处理处置中的初步应用

文章简述了法国污泥处理处置的概况,介绍了湿式氧化法在法国污泥处置的初步应用,包括污泥处理的工艺流程、处理结果及湿式氧化技术的优缺点。指出我国应多途径探索经济高效的污泥处置技术,促进污泥资源化发展。     

城镇污泥无害化处置与资源化利用技术

由厦门绿标生物科技有限公司开发的城镇污泥无害化处置与资源化利用技术,适用于城镇污水处理厂的污泥处置.主要技术内容一、基本原理利用污泥兼氧发酵复合菌剂的污泥处置工艺,实现污泥等有机废弃物的兼氧发酵,有效分解、破除污泥颗粒外的聚合物（EPS）。     

油田含油污泥处理处置技术发展及应用

介绍了油田含油污泥的特征、来源,以及国内外相关法规政策和标准规范的制定情况;分析了含油污泥处置技术的主要研究进展和应用现状;对我国油田含油污泥处理处置技术提出了发展建议。     

荆州市污水处理厂污泥处置BOT项目的启示

介绍了荆州市污水处理厂污泥处置的现状,以及污泥无害化处置BOT项目的技术路线选择、营养土的市场分析、拦标价的测算和设定、BOT融资方式的优势等关键问题;分析了该项目的技术路线和融资模式,以及对国内污水处理厂污泥处置项目的示范作用和意义。     

生物酶催化技术处置污泥的应用研究

针对目前我国污水处理厂污泥的特性及处理处置工艺普遍无法达标的问题,提出应用生物酶催化技术处理处置污泥的方法,可以高效迅速降解污染物,提高污染物去除效率,使污泥减量化、资源化,减少投资及处理费用,为污泥处理处置的技术升级与工艺探索提供新思路。     

城市污泥深度脱水技术的应用分析

文章介绍了我国城市污泥的处置现状,对城市污泥处置方式进行了比较,认为带式深度脱水技术是一种简单高效、运行成本低的处置方式.结合工程应用实例,详细介绍了一种集缓存、预处理、输送、深脱于一体的城市污泥深度脱水技术和相关设备.该技术能够将城市污泥含水率深脱至60％及以下,而且脱水过程具有安全、稳定、运行成本低等优势.     

环境责任原则探析

环境法是一个新兴的部门法,对其基本原则的认定在学界观点颇多,没有形成统一的认识。环境责任原则在我国经历了一个从发展到完善的过程,体现了环境公平与正义的价值取向,反映了环境法可持续发展的本质特征,应该作为环境法的基本原则。同时,应通过法律制度的建设贯彻该原则,以发挥其对环境资源开发、利用、保护和管理等活动的指导作用。     

建立补偿制度促进生态保护工作

污染防治与生态环境保护并重是我国环境保护的一项基本原则,为了促进我国的生态建设与生态保护工作,应该尽快建立生态补偿制度。本文对实施生态补偿的必要性、生态补偿的基本原则、中国的生态补偿政策等问题进行了较为深入的论述。     

我国突发环境事件应急法制法律原则的探析

法律原则对法律制度的建立、发展和完善起着尤为重要的指导作用。我国突发环境事件应急法制还处于起步阶段,相关法律研究也存在欠缺和不深入的问题。本文在比较几种相关概念的法律原则的基础上,总结环境应急法制法律原则的特征,试提出我国环境应急法制所要遵循的几条法律原则。     

Concepts of Animal Health and Welfare in Organic Livestock Systems

In 2005, The International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM) developed four new ethical principles of organic agriculture to guide its future development: the principles of health, ecology, care, and fairness. The key distinctive concept of animal welfare in organic agriculture combines naturalness and human care, and can be linked meaningfully with these principles. In practice, a number of challenges are connected with making organic livestock systems work. These challenges are particularly dominant in immature agro-ecological systems, for example those that are characterized by industrialization and monoculture. Some of the current challenges are partly created by shortages of land and manure, which encourage zero-grazing and other confined systems. Other challenges are created in part by the conditions for farming and the way in which global food distribution systems are organized, e.g., how live animals are transported, how feed is traded and transported all over the globe, and the development of infrastructure and large herds. We find that the overall organic principles should be included when formulating guidelines for practical organic animal farming. This article explores how the special organic conceptions of animal welfare are related to the overall principles of organic agriculture. The aim is to identify potential routes for future development of organic livestock systems in different contexts and with reference to the specific understanding of animal welfare in organic agriculture. We include two contrasting cases represented by organic livestock systems in northwestern Europe and farming systems in tropical low-income countries; we use these cases to explore the widely different challenges of organic livestock systems in different parts of the world.     

Identifying ecoregion boundaries

This article summarizes the rationale I used in identifying ecoregion boundaries on maps of the United States, North America, and the world's continents, published from 1976 to 1998. The geographic reasoning used in drawing boundaries involves 20 principles, which are presented to stimulate discussion and further understanding. Brief background and references are provided for the principles.     

Legitimizing Fluvial Ecosystems as Users of Water: An Overview

We suggest that fluvial ecosystems are legitimate users of water and that there are basic ecological principles guiding the maintenance of long-term ecological vitality. This article articulates some fundamental relationships between physical and ecological processes, presents basic principles for maintaining the vitality of fluvial ecosystems, identifies several major scientific challenges and opportunities for effective implementation of the basic ecological principles, and acts as an introduction to three specific articles to follow on biodiversity, biogeochemistry, and riparian communities. All the objectives, by necessity, link climate, land, and fresh water. The basic principles proposed are: (1) the natural flow regime shapes the evolution of aquatic biota and ecological processes, (2) every river has a characteristic flow regime and an associated biotic community, and (3) aquatic ecosystems are topographically unique in occupying the lowest position in the landscape, thereby integrating catchment-scale processes. Scientific challenges for the immediate future relate to quantifying cumulative effects, linking multidisciplinary knowledge and models, and formulating effective monitoring and assessment procedures. Additionally, forecasting the ecological consequences of changing water regimes is a fundamental challenge for science, especially as environmental issues related to fresh waters escalate in the next two to three decades.     

Effective Planning and Implementation of Ecological Rehabilitation Projects: A Case Study of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada)

The literature guides environmental planning and, specifically, how to use ecological rehabilitation projects to achieve long-term planning goals and landscape-scale environmental sustainability. There is, however, a perceived gap between principles in the literature and the use of them by practitioners involved in smaller-scale ecological rehabilitation projects. Using interviews with practitioners involved in 11 projects within the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, we tested whether practitioners used five principles for effective planning and implementation of ecological rehabilitation that we derived from the literature. These five principles were: establishing political and ecological context, using ecologically appropriate objectives and practices, using comparative multidisciplinary and cross-scale approaches, using adaptive planning and implementation, and establishing good communication within and external to projects. Few projects followed all five principles, and practitioners indicated that they used three more project-specific principles: obtaining political/social support, promoting projects and changing attitudes about projects, and securing sufficient and persistent funding to maintain a project's life. While the literature emphasizes that ecological rehabilitation is only effective if projects are coordinated on a watershed basis, most practitioners focused solely on the goals of their specific project. The gap between literature and practice may arise because most practitioners are new to the field of ecological rehabilitation and still are focused on the methods involved. Time pressures force practitioners to obviate the literature and get projects started quickly, lest support evaporate. Complicating these difficulties is decreased support from federal and provincial governments for large-scale environmental planning. It is unclear whether ecological rehabilitation projects in Waterloo Region (at least) will ever become effective at promoting landscape-scale ecological goals or remain smaller-scale stop-gaps.     

Ethical Considerations in Agro-biodiversity Research,Collecting, and Use

Humans have always played a crucial role in the evolutionary dynamics of agricultural biodiversity and thus there is a strong relationship between these resources and human cultures. These agricultural resources have long been treated as a global public good, and constitute the livelihoods of millions of predominantly poor people. At the same time, agricultural biodiversity is under serious threat in many parts of the world despite extensive conservation efforts. Ethical considerations regarding the collecting, research, and use of agricultural biodiversity are currently topics of great concern. For example, easy access to genetic resources for breeding purposes is important, but international agreements and legal frameworks are necessary to ensure adequate recognition of the contributions of local communities and traditional farmers in creating and nurturing these resources. Here, we assess ethical principles in the context of existing codes of conduct that are relevant for agro-biodiversity researchers. We aim to create awareness among scientists and policy makers who are concerned with agro-biodiversity research and its potential impact on local communities. We encourage a serious assessment of the ethical principles presented here and hope to facilitate an integration of these principles into the reader’s personal ethical framework. Key ethical principles considered here include the importance of obtaining prior informed consent, equity, and the inalienability of rights of local communities and farmers.     

Mining with communities

To be considered as sustainable, a mining community needs to adhere to the principles of ecological sustainability, economic vitality and social equity. These principles apply over a long time span, covering both the life of the mine and post-mining closure. The legacy left by a mine to the community after its closure is emerging as a significant aspect of its planning. Progress towards sustainability is made when value is added to a community with respect to these principles by the mining operation during its life cycle. This article presents a series of cases to demonstrate the diverse potential challenges to achieving a sustainable mining community. These case studies of both new and old mining communities are drawn mainly from Canada and from locations abroad where Canadian companies are now building mines. The article concludes by considering various approaches that can foster sustainable mining communities and the role of community consultation and capacity building.