环境监测现场采样质量控制的措施和建议

现阶段我国的环境问题越来越严重,监测环境也有着越来越重要的任务。监测环境的主要目的是使用有效监测方法获得环境信息,使用科学的方法服务于环境管理工作。但因为环境监测工作具有一定的复杂性,如果有一个环节出现问题,都会影响监测结果的准确性。现阶段,在实验室内部开展的质量控制工作取得了良好成果,但现场采样依旧存在着一定问题,这会在很大程度上影响监测结果的准确性。因此本文围绕环境监测现场中的质量控制进行讨论。     

环境监测在生态环境保护中的作用及发展措施

环境监测是对水体环境、大气环境、噪声环境、土壤环境的质量进行监视和测量,以确定环境质量变化趋势以及环境污染程度。近年来,自然生态环境日趋恶化,温室效应、土地沙漠化、水土流失、植被破坏等生态环境问题逐步浮出水面,给国民经济和社会的可持续发展带来严重的负面影响。而环境监测工作恰恰可以查找出导致生态环境污染的诱因,为制订针对性强、效果显著的生态环境保护方案提供真实、确凿的数据支持。因此,本文围绕环境监测在生态环境保护中发挥的重要作用和针对采取的发展措施展开论述。     

垂直管理背景下建设二级环境监测站能力的策略

尽管近些年我国经济已经得到了较大的发展,但是与此同时也带来了严重的环境污染问题,在新的时代背景下,国家越来越重视环境整治力度,因此做好环境监测工作显得尤为重要。为了发挥出环境监测站的工作职能,目前该领域朝着垂直管理的方向不断发展,有效地提高了整体的质量管理意识,建立起了标准的工作体系。本文将着重针对在垂直管理背景下如何提高二级环境监测站能力进行深入分析。     

水资源开发利用对地下水环境影响评价若干关键问题的探究

资源开发和环境保护需要平衡对待,为了谋求社会的发展,资源的开发和利用必不可少,然而资源的开发必然牵扯到与资源相关的环境变化。随着我国环境保护事业的逐步推进,资源开发利用对环境的影响越来越受到重视,环境影响评价成为资源开发利用前的必要环节。地下水环境不仅是水资源环境的一部分,还是生态系统的一部分,与社会生产、生活的多个方面都有牵连,而矿产资源、水资源、石油天然气资源的开发利用都或多或少会影响到地下水环境。本文从地下水环境影响评价入手,分析地下水环境影响评价的内容,探讨地下水环境影响评价中的关键问题。     

环境监测管理存在的问题及对策

随着我国城市化及工业化进程的不断加快,给我们的经济带来了飞速的发展的同时,也给我们生产生活环境带来了污染。土壤污染、空气污染和水污染等污染问题极大的降低了我们的生活品质,给人们的身体健康埋下了安全隐患。因此,在当今社会中,对于环境保护的问题越来越受到大家的关注和重视。而环境监测工作和数据是环境治理的一个重要参考依据,环境监测工作对于能否做好环境管理有着十分重要的意义。本文就当前环境监测存在的一部分问题影响环境管理的情况进行简要分析。     

The limits to risk aversion: Part 1. The point of indiscriminate decision

The paper uses utility theory to investigate how much should be spent to avert all costs from an industrial accident apart from direct human harm. These “environmental costs” will include those of evacuation, clean-up and business disruption. Assuming the organisation responsible will need to pay such costs, the difference between its expected utility with and without an environmental protection system constitutes a rational decision variable for whether or not the scheme should be installed. The value of utility is dependent on the coefficient of relative risk aversion, “risk-aversion” for short. A model of an organisation's decision-making process has been developed using the ABCD model, linking the organisation's assets, A, the cost of the protection scheme, B, the cost of consequences, C, and the expected utility difference with and without the scheme, D. Increasing the organisation's risk-aversion parameter will tend to make it less reluctant to invest in a protection system, but can bring about such investment only when the scheme is relatively close to financial break-even. For such borderline schemes, the amount the organisation is prepared to spend on the protection system will rise as the risk-aversion increases. The ratio of this sum to the break-even cost is named the “Limiting Risk Multiplier”, the maximum value of which is governed by the maximum feasible value of risk-aversion. However, the mathematical model shows that increasing the risk-aversion will reduce the clarity of decision making generally. Although the reluctance to invest in a protection scheme may change sign and turn into a positive desire to invest as the risk-aversion increases, the absolute value of this parameter is a continuously decreasing function of risk-aversion, tending asymptotically to zero. As a result, discrimination will gradually diminish, being lost altogether at the “point of indiscriminate decision”. Here the decision maker will be able to distinguish neither advantage in installing the scheme nor disadvantage in installing its inverse. There is a close correspondence between this mathematically predicted state and that of panic, where an individual has become so fearful that his actions become random. The point of indiscriminate decision provides a natural upper bound for the value of risk-aversion. This bounds the Limiting Risk Multiplier in turn, and so sets an objective upper limit on the amount that it is rational to spend on an environmental protection system.     

清洁生产和14001标准有机结合的实践与探讨

随着世界经济一体化进程的加速和我国加入世界贸易组织，石油企业开始认识到，要在国际石油市场中生存、竞争和发展，环境保护已成为他们必须重视和解决的问题。BECKBURY国际有限公司通过将清洁生产与1SO14001环境管理体系有机结合，取得了明显的经济和社会效益。结合企业的生产与管理实际，介绍了推行清洁生产，贯彻14001标准的主要做法和体会，具有较强的可操作性。     

水库工程建设施工期水环境评价分析

水是生命之源,生产之要,生态之基。人类几千年的生长繁衍都离不开水,随着科技进步和人类观念的改变,水库对水资源的储存及调配有十分重要的作用。我县处于云贵高原和广西丘陵盆地过渡地带,地势起伏较大,喀斯特发育,水资源在时间和空间上分布极不均衡,因此水库的建设尤为重要。但在水库工程的建设当中,潜藏污染周围环境的危险,包括水污染和土壤污染。严重的环境污染会影响人们的身体健康,甚至会影响社会的平衡发展,而且随着人们观念意识的改变,人们逐渐提高了对于环境的重视度。所以,对水库周围水环境和土壤环境的问题研究是十分必要的,本文通过对于水库周围的环境提出了一些有效的管理措施。     

环境监测综合管理平台中应用互联网技术的重点

互联网技术已经出现在了各行各业当中,极大地改变了现代生活的生产实践方式。也可以将互联网技术应用到环境监测综合管理平台当中去,建立起一体化式的管理模式,从数据监测、数据处理、预报预警、呈现展示等多个平台进行高效应用,全面提升环境监测综合管理平台的运行水平,这也是提高环境监测工作质量的重要举措。     

环境影响评价的新领域--生态安全评价

从环境影响评价的角度出发，提出了生态安全评价的概念，阐述了生态安全评价的特点及理论基础，并对在中国开展生态安全评价工作提出了几点建议。     

绿色化工环保技术与环境治理的关系

我国化工产业的不断发展,带动了我国经济的飞速发展,给人们的生活带来了许多便利条件,但是与此同时也对我国的环境造成了严重的破坏,化工生产用到许多化学材料,在生产过程中会产生大量的化学废弃物,对环境的污染造成很严重的影响。我国对化工生产给环境保护造成的影响高度重视,随着绿色化工环保技术的出现,有效解决了化工产业造成的环境污染问题,对我国的环境问题进行了有效的改善,对我国工业的发展具有重要意义。本文针对绿色化工环保技术进行分析,探讨绿色化工环保技术在环境治理中的有效应用。     

高科技制造业环安卫风险管理系统

只要有危害源就会存在一定的风险。由于生产过程的需要,高科技制造行业往往使用大量有毒、危险化学品,生产环境与生产设备也不同于传统产业,也因此,如何运用有效地环安卫(环境保护、工业安全、职业健康)风险管理机制来避免各种危害源可能对企业造成的负面冲击,以降低高科技行业营运过程可能遭遇的环安卫风险一直是高科技行业风险管理者所面临的挑战。本文将介绍如何以PDCA持续改善的架构来贯穿高科技行业环安卫风险管理流程与风险管理概念。     

The problem with [in] management theory

Theory is essential to everything that we do as people studying and practicing industrial/organizational psychology and organizational behavior. But, I think that our field has lost its way recently and become enamored by shiny objects and interesting puzzles. Advancing management theory seems to have become an end state in and of itself. We seemed to be far more concerned with the entertainment value of theories than we are with their scientific rigor or real‐world value. Top journals in our field are mandating that all articles must make a theoretical contribution, and theoretical contributions are being gauged primarily in terms of how innovative, counter‐intuitive, surprising, and interesting they may be. I advocate for a more balanced approach, and in particular, for greater use of abductive inference. I argue that if you start with a real‐world challenge and draw from existing theory, and then develop new theory to understand and change things, you are also making a theoretical contribution. Whether or not we are guided by theory is not really at issue—at issue is how well developed are our theories, how accurate are they, and do they help us to improve organizational life for everyone involved?     

Assessing safety management systems

Traditionally, both academe and practitioners have tended to address fire safety by focusing on technical aspects and looking for the immediate causes of fire incidents or accidents after they have taken place. More recently, organisations have focused on assessing the consequences of the fire risk inherent in their operations pro-actively. However, fire safety still tends to be addressed in isolation, though fire loss is an emergent property. An organisation's emergent property results from the interrelated activities of people who design it, manage it and operate it. There is still a need for a systemic approach to understand the systemic nature of fire safety. This paper describes a fire safety management system (FSMS) model that aims to maintain fire risk within an acceptable range in an organisation's operations in a coherent way. This systemic approach can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the effectiveness of existing safety management systems (SMS). It is hoped that this approach will lead not only to more effective management of fire safety, but also to more effective management of safety, health and the environment for any organisation.     

地下水开发引起的环境问题与治理

随着社会经济的飞速发展,人民生活对水资源的需求量日益增加,水资源开发已然成为备受社会各界关注的一项话题。而若是未能重视资源开发合理性与适宜性,必然会造成一定的环境污染。本文阐述了我国水资源开发与利用现状,分析了地下水开发引起的环境问题,并探究了新形势下治理地下水开发环境问题的有效对策。     

环境政策法律的经济分析和程序设计

本文对环境政策法律经济分析的对象、目的、作用机制进行了分析,对环境政策法律经济影响经济分析的角度、内容和方法进行了研究.其中包括供给-需求和产业结构角度的分析评价,以及环境政策法律经济影响的分析方法.给出了环境政策法律经济分析程序设计的基本思路.     

环境监测质量保证和质量控制因素及对策分析

随着国家对生态环境的保护及管理力度不断加大,环境监测所发挥的作用也越来越凸显。但是在现有的技术条件下,结合我国各地区复杂的环境条件,使得环境监测的质量还是会受到多方面因素的影响。本次研究正是针对环境监测质量保证和质量控制因素及其对策进行分析,找到了影响环境监测质量的常见因素,并给出了控制优化环境监测质量的对策。     

Workers' active involvement in the improvement of occupational safety and health in a textile enterprise--a case study.

Part of the Polish-Swedish OSHMAN project was carried out in a textile company. It aimed at implementing and improving effective health and safety management with workers' active involvement at all levels of the enterprise. The two main problems to be solved during the project were decreasing occupational risk and improving workers' poor knowledge on occupational risk. Training courses, workshops and practical activities were undertaken. As expected, there were changes in work organisation and improvement in the way workstations were looked after, which led to a decrease in occupational risk. Workers were highly committed during the project. Nevertheless it seems that more training should be directed at middle management.     

铬渣毒性对环境的影响与产出量分析

铬渣是铬盐生产过程中产生的化工固体废弃物,长期露天堆放,将导致含Cr6 溶液不断下渗,污染土壤和地下水.综述了以往铬毒性的研究成果,收集、整理和分析了我国铬盐生产的数据,在计算铬盐的排渣系数基础上,得到了铬渣的产出量.结果表明,在环境中迁移的铬对植物生长有抑制作用,阻滞作物对其它元素的吸收;铬能使动物细胞的代谢功能发生障碍,对动物体具有明显的"三致"作用.目前我国已跨入世界铬盐生产大国行列,铬盐每年实际产量已经超过16万T,通过计算排渣系数和铬渣产量表明,我国每年排放的铬渣量约为35万～42万T.     

基于X3D技术的化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统

从消防部门处置化学灾害事故训练需求出发,采用基于Web的虚拟现实和智能组卷技术,设计并实现了一种化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统。按照化学危险品在储存、运输、生产环节中发生泄漏、燃烧和爆炸等事故类型进行分类,提供了危险源理化性质、事故特点及危害性分析、灭火救援行动措施等知识的在线学习和考试功能。在技术实现方面,采用互联网Web3D标准X3D技术,以三维方式模拟事故场景和表现知识内容,为用户提供了一个网络化、沉浸式的三维互动学习模式和环境。系统的设计和实现为化学灾害事故处置培训工作网络化、培训内容系统化、表现形式多样化提供了一种新的思路。