有机膨润土吸附对硝基苯酚的性能及其在水处理中的应用初探

分别用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）改性膨润土，研究了制备有机膨润土的适宜条件及其对吸附对对硝基苯酚性能的影响。２５℃时，ＣＴＭＢ－膨润土和ＣＰＣ－膨润土对对硝基苯酚的饱和吸附量分别为４７５ｍｇ／ｇ，远大于原土的饱和吸附量（１２５ｍｇ／ｇ）。ｐＨ〉７时，有机膨润土吸附处理对硝基苯酚的去除率都在８５％以上，比原土的去除率（８．６％）大９倍，通过Ｘ－衍射、红外光谱分析、比     

沸石在水处理中的应用

本文介绍了中国沸石的种类及其分布概况，以产自甘肃省白银市的斜发沸石为研究对象，对其化学组成及分子晶格形式作了较为详尽的阐述，经实验室检测出其化学组成及物化指标，且对沸石作为吸附剂、离子交换剂、催化剂处理废水的作用机理进行了深入的探讨，对于天然沸石改性进行了实验研究，得出采用氯化钠溶液对天然沸石改性的效果比较理想，改性溶液的最佳浓度为0．9mol/L。研究沸石在沸水处理领域中的应用，分析了沸石处理各类废水的机理，并对沸石处理废水的前景进行了展望。     

有机膨润土吸附苯酚的性能及其在水处理中的应用初探

分别用氯化十六烷基吡啶（CPC）和溴化十六烷基三甲铵（CTMAB）改性膨润土,试验了制备有机膨润土的适宜条件及其对吸附苯酚性能的影响。上述两种有机膨润土吸附水中苯酚很快能达到平衡。pH值为3─9时,有机膨润土处理苯酚的效果基本一致;pH>11时,有较高的去除率。CPC－膨润土或CTMAB－膨润土对苯酚的饱和吸附容量分别为103.5mg/g和75.0mg/g。有机膨润土处理苯酚的效果比原土提高8倍以上。     

活性炭在水处理中的应用研究

由于活性炭具有表面积巨大及很高的物理吸附和化学吸附功能,并且有处理效率高和降解效果好等优点,所以活性炭吸附技术在国内外的污水处理中被广泛地应用。本文将通过介绍活性炭的性质与吸附机理以及活性炭的其它组合工艺在国内外水处理中的发展的应用,并且总结其中的优缺点。     

壳聚糖在水处理中的应用

该文主要介绍了壳聚糖及其作为吸附剂、絮凝剂在水处理中的应用，指出开发壳聚糖作为新型水处理材料具有广阔的应用前景。     

钛基氧化物电极的制备及其在水处理中的应用

介绍了钛基氧化物电极制备的理论基础 ,并综述了 Ti/Sn O2 和 Ti/Pb O2 系列电极在水处理中的应用     

活性炭吸附技术在水处理中的应用

摘要：概述活性炭的特性及其吸附机理,介绍活性炭吸附技术及其组合工艺在国内外水处理中的应用和发展,总结它在应用中的优缺点并预测其前景和发展方向。     

二氧化氯在水处理中的应用

二氧化氯是一种比氯强的氧化剂。它易溶于水,但在水中较不稳定,二氧化氯脱去水中的色和味比氯好,氧化较完全迅速,不产生氯化和有机碳氢化合物。此外它的消毒效果不受水的pH的高低影响。本世纪40年代就有很多用二氧化氯消毒饮用水的报道,并介绍了它的制作方法和杀菌效果。由于当时它的制作和使用方法比氯麻烦,而且不易运输和储存,     

大型仪器在水处理吸附方面中的应用

吸附研究包括两个方面：吸附材料制备表征及吸附材料的应用.在研究吸附材料方面BET,XRD,扫描电镜等仪器有广泛的用途,在应用方面,研究吸附机理时红外光谱可分析吸附剂与吸附质结合状态,研究吸附质浓度变化时原子荧光分析仪,原子吸收ICP等可分析污水中重金属的含量.GC-MS联用技术可用于水体污染物的检测.这些仪器都在吸附方面有着很多的用途.     

大型仪器在水处理吸附方面中的应用

吸附研究包括两个方面：吸附材料制备表征及吸附材料的应用。在研究吸附材料方面BET,XRD,扫描电镜等仪器有广泛的用途,在应用方面,研究吸附机理时红外光谱可分析吸附剂与吸附质结合状态,研究吸附质浓度变化时原子荧光分析仪,原子吸收ICP等可分析污水中重金属的含量。GC-MS联用技术可用于水体污染物的检测。这些仪器都在吸附方面有着很多的用途。     

石墨相氮化碳光催化剂的制备、改性及其在水处理中的应用

作为典型的非金属半导体光催化剂,类石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)由于具有物理化学性质稳定、能带结构适宜、制备成本低廉等优势,近年来受到广泛关注.本文综述了石墨相氮化碳的基本结构特性、常用制备方法以及结构改性策略,对其在水处理中的应用进行了总结,并对g-C3N4未来的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为氮化碳新材料开发及其在水处理方...     

镁铝LDH制备表征及吸附磷酸根离子的性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备碳酸型及硝酸型Mg-Al-LDH(层状双氢氧化物)粉体,并对两种不同阴离子的LDH样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)及红外光谱表征;又将其作为吸附剂,对水中磷酸根离子的去除性能进行了系统研究。实验结果表明,两种LDH的晶体结构基本相似;其对废水中磷酸根离子具有很好的去除效果,且碳酸型LDH除磷效果更佳。通过对模拟废水及实际废水进行吸附实验,得到了LDH除磷的最佳条件。镁铝LDH在废水除磷方面具有较好的应用前景。     

Application potential of carbon nanotubes in water treatment：A review

Water treatment is the key to coping with the conflict between people’s increasing demand for water and the world-wide water shortage. Owing to their unique and tunable structural, physical, and chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exhibited great potentials in water treatment. This review makes an attempt to provide an overview of potential solutions to various environmental challenges by using CNTs as adsorbents, catalysts or catalyst support, membranes, and electrodes. The merits of incorporating CNT to conventional water-treatment material are emphasized, and the remaining challenges are discussed.     

碱改性净水污泥对水中氨氮的吸附效能研究

采用氢氧化钠浸渍法改性净水污泥,研究了碱改性净水污泥对水中NH+4的去除性能.同时,考察了模拟废水pH、吸附剂投加量、NH+4初始浓度、吸附温度及吸附时间对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,当pH为弱酸性或中性,投加碱改性净水污泥20 g·L-1时,在室温下对初始浓度为50 mg·L-1的NH+4模拟废水振荡吸附120 min,可达到氨氮排放二级标准.将实验数据分别用吸附等温模型和动力学模型进行拟合,发现净水污泥对NH+4的吸附符合Langmuir模型和二级动力学模型,且净水污泥对氨氮的吸附包括静电吸引和离子交换两种作用机理.     

Synthesis of carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@C) and its application for sulfonamide antibiotics removal from water

The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concerns regarding their potential threat to human health and aquatic ecosystem. A new magnetic nanocomposite, Fe304@C （Fe304 coated with carbon）, was synthesized, characterized, and then applied to remove five commonly-used sulfonamides （SAs） from water. Due to its combinational merits of the outer functionalized carbon shell and the inner magnetite core, Fe3O4@C exhibited a high adsorption affinity for selected SAs and a fast magnetic separability. The adsorption kinetics of SAs on Fe304 @ C could be expressed by the pseudo second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were fitted well with the Dual-mode model, revealing that the adsorption process consisted of an initial partitioning stage and a subsequent hole-filling stage. Solution pH exerted a strong impact on the adsorption process with the maximum removal efficiencies （74% to 96%） obtained at pH 4.8 for all selected SAs. Electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding were two major driving forces for adsorption, and electron-donor-acceptor interactions may also make a certain contribution. Because the synthesized Fe304@C showed comprehensive advantages of high adsorptivity, fast magnetic separability, and prominent reusability, it has potential applications in water treatment.     

Coagulation behavior and floc properties of compound bioflocculant-polyaluminum chloride dual-coagulants and polymeric aluminum in low temperature surface water treatment

This study was intended to compare coagulation behavior and floc properties of two dualcoagulants polyaluminum chloride–compound bioflocculant(PAC–CBF)(PAC dose first) and compound bioflocculant–polyaluminum chloride(CBF–PAC)(CBF dose first) with those of PAC alone in low temperature drinking water treatment. Results showed that dualcoagulants could improve DOC removal efficiency from 30% up to 34%. Moreover, CBF contributed to the increase of floc size and growth rate, especially those of PAC–CBF were almost twice bigger than those of PAC. However, dual-coagulants formed looser and weaker flocs with lower breakage factors in which fractal dimension of PAC–CBF flocs was low which indicates a looser floc structure. The floc recovery ability was in the following order:PAC–CBF PAC alone CBF–PAC. The flocculation mechanism of PAC was charge neutralization and enmeshment, meanwhile the negatively charged CBF added absorption and bridging effect.     

渭河西安市段铝污染状况及其来源分析

以渭河西安段为重点,对地表水环境中铝污染的状况进行考察.结果表明,渭河西安段及周边水域中铝浓度范围为0.20~0.66 mg·L-1,高于美国、加拿大的水质量标准,已足以对人体健康形成危害.渭河流经西安市后,尽管流量由36.4 m3·s-1升高到81.7 m3·s-1,但铝浓度仍由0.29 mg·L-1升高到0.43 mg·L-1,铝总量增加了2.4倍.2008年5月份由西安市进入渭河的铝总量达66 t,其中有1/5来自皂河.废水处理过程采用的絮凝剂是造成河流中铝浓度升高的重要原因,其中相当一部分来自造纸厂.随着2008年8月开始实施更加严格的造纸工业水污染物排放标准,投加混凝剂成为重要的水处理手段,所有被调查企业均使用含铝盐的絮凝剂,这是地表水环境中铝浓度上升的主要原因.     

聚合氯化铝与三氯化铁混凝剂在常规水处理中的运用

通过聚合氯化铅与三氯化铁在常规水处理的生产性实验，从经济成本、水质指标和实际使用存在的问题对其进行分析比较，并比较了两种混凝剂在常规水处理中的优缺点。     

Distribution of various aluminum fractions in surface water of the Le An River

Distribution　of　various　aluminum　fractions　in　surface　water　of　the　Le　An　River ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８５，ＣｈｉｎａＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ—Ｔｏｔａｌｃｏｎ...     

Factors effecting aluminum speciation in drinking water be laboratory research

Effects of aluminum on water distribution system and human health mainly attribute to its speciation in drinking water. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate factors that may influence aluminum speciation in water supply system. The concentration of soluble aluminum and its transformation among other aluminum species were mainly controlled by kinetics processes of related reactions. Total aluminum concentration had a notable effect on the concentrations of mononuclear and soluble aluminum in the first 4 day; while, when the reaction time was above 4 day, its effect became weak. At pH above 7.50, both fluoride and orthophosphate had little effect on aluminum speciation; while, when the solution pH was below 7.50, the concentrations of mononuclear and soluble aluminum were proportional to the concentration of fluoride and inversely proportional to the concentration of orthophosphate. Both mononuclear and polynuclear silicic acids could complex with mononuclear aluminum by forming soluble aluminosilicates. In addition, the adding sequence of orthophosphate and aluminum into drinking water would also affect the distribution of aluminum species in the first 4 day. In order to minimize aluminum bioavailability in drinking water, it was suggested that orthophosphate should be added prior to coagulant process, and that the concentrations of fluoride and silicic acids be controlled below 2.0 and 25 mg/L, respectively, prior to the treatment. The solution pH in coagulation and filtration processes should be controlled in the range of 6.50-7.50.