Determination of thiocyanate in the vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater

In acidic solution, thiocyanate molecules reacted with ferric ions to produce red complexes. The concentration of thiocyanate could be determined by spectrophotometer. The effects of wavelength, volume of color reagent, acidity and color time on absorbance were investigated. The interferences of co-existing ion were discussed as well. Results showed that the relation between absorbance and the concentration of thiocyanate was in accord with Beer's law when the concentration of thiocyanate was 2-20 mg/L. The linear regression equation was Absorbance = 0.0523 Concentration-0.0156, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The average recovery rates of two kinds of vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater were 100.95% and 99.62%, and relative standard deviations were 0.79% and 0.14% respectively. It shows that the method was quick, high precision, accurate and easy to handle.     

DPD分光光度法测定水质中余氯的方法研究

采用行业标准DPD分光光度法(HJ 568-2010)测定水中的游离余氯,验证了去掉第一点的低浓度曲线的有效性。分别比较不同的显色时间对吸光度的影响,结果表明显色时间应控制在10min以内。     

催化光度法测定天然水中微量碘化物

在硫酸介质中 ,碘化物对亚硝酸氧化硫氰酸盐的反应具有显著的催化作用 ,使硫氰化铁络合物的生成量减少 ,导致溶液颜色变浅 ,据此测定微量碘化物的含量。方法的测定范围为 0～ 0 3μg/2 5mL ,检出限为 0 0 1μg/2 5mL ,用于测定天然水中微量碘化物 ,获得了满意的结果     

染料探针技术对二级出水中优势污染物的定量检测

分别以刚果红和中性红为染料探针,建立了牛血清蛋白质(BSA)和海藻酸多糖(SA)含量与共振光散射(RLS)发射光谱强度间的线性关系;以甲苯胺蓝为染料探针,建立了腐殖酸(HA)含量与紫外吸光度间的线性关系;优化了3种标准物质的检测浓度范围及溶液p H值条件;考察了染料探针分析方法对标准物的二元和三元混合样品中的回收率.结果表明在适宜的浓度范围内,BSA、HA、SA浓度与染料探针光谱强度间的线性相关系数R0.98,3种标准物在混合样品中的回收率不小于95%,标准误差低于0.11%.以紫外光谱和3D-EEM光谱特征作为城市污水二级出水样品中蛋白质、多糖和腐殖酸的定性依据,确认了4种二级出水样品中的优势污染物.通过染料-探针技术与国标法测得的多糖和蛋白质质量浓度的相对偏差在1.2%~0.04%之间.     

改性活性炭对硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水脱杂过程的影响因素

为解决东北某湿法腈纶生产厂中回收NaSCN(硫氰酸钠)效果欠佳的现状,采用不同改性方法制备了10%-H-GAC(氧化改性活性炭)、1M-Na-GAC(还原改性活性炭)和600-N₂-GAC(高温改性活性炭),并探讨了改性方法、吸附时间、投加量以及初始pH对NaSCN膜分离浓水脱杂过程的影响. 结果表明:10%-H-GAC较其他改性活性炭对浓水中NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC和盐度的去除率要好. 以10%-H-GAC为吸附剂,吸附时间为180 min,投加量为12.0 g/L,初始pH为6.0时,NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC和盐度去除率分别可达35.1%、32.3%、34.9%、25.4%,表明该处理技术能很好地去除硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水中的污染物. 采用Fruendlich吸附等温模型对10%-H-GAC的吸附行为进行拟合,得到的NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC及盐度拟合方程的相关系数均在0.92以上. 准二级动力学方程能更好地描述废水中杂质在活性炭上的吸附行为,反映吸附过程. 研究显示,10%-H-GAC能有效去除硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水中的杂质,达到回收硫氰酸钠的目的.      

分光光度法测定工业废水中的钴含量研究

通过试验确定了一种测定工业废水中钴含量的方法。考察入射波长、显色剂用量、干扰离子等因素对吸光度的影响;确定本法最佳测定波长为570 nm,显色剂最佳用量为1 mL;在废水中加入钴标准溶液进行测定,结果表明加标回收率在98.6%~105.60%之间,平均加标回收率为102.4%。该法灵敏度高、结果准确、检出限低、具有良好的精密度和准确度,是测定工业废水中钴含量的有效方法。     

搅拌条件对两种染料混凝气浮去除效果的影响研究

实验以七水硫酸镁及硫酸铝钾为混凝剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为浮选剂,研究了搅拌条件对酸性大红3R、还原深蓝BO混凝气浮去除效果的影响。结果表明,当搅拌转速为100r／min、搅拌时间为10min时,混凝气浮对酸性大红3R的去除效果较好,吸光度去除率为67．33％,色度去除率为69．23％;当搅拌转速为50r／min、搅拌时间为10min时,混凝气浮对还原深蓝BO的去除效果较好,吸光度去除率为84．33％,色度去除率为99．70％。     

我国不同土壤铜的生物可利用性及影响因素

选取我国8种典型类型土壤,运用生态毒理学的方法研究土壤中铜的生物可利用性。选取大麦根长和生物量为反应终点,运用计算Dose-response的S-Logistic模型计算出引起反应终点比对照减少10%和50%时的土壤总铜浓度(EC50、EC10)和外源铜浓度(EC10a、EC50a)。结果表明,由根长数据得出的EC10a、EC50a为最佳的分析8种土壤铜的生物可利用性的指标。8种土壤的EC10a在25.3～170.2mg/kg,EC50a在58.1～429.5mg/kg,数值分布范围较宽,说明8种土壤中铜的生物可利用性存在差异,生物可利用性的大小依次为:漳州>海口>烟台>武威>西藏>上海>铜仁>洛阳。ECX与pH和CaCO3呈显著正相关,而这两个指标都是土壤酸碱度的表征,说明土壤的酸碱性能显著影响土壤中铜的生物可利用性。土壤对铜的最大吸附量xmax与ECxa呈显著正相关性,提示土壤对铜的吸附能影响铜的生物可利用性。     

紫外分光光度法咪唑啉残余质量浓度分析

利用紫外分光光度法建立了咪唑啉缓蚀剂残余浓度曲线。通过分析蒸馏水以及某气田的两种水溶液得知,缓蚀剂质量浓度在0～100 mg/L范围内,吸光度与质量浓度成正比且线性关系较好,可以使用紫外分光光度法对油气田咪唑啉缓蚀剂残余质量浓度进行日常快速检测。     

酸度对染料臭氧化脱色效果及溶液毒性的影响

研究了20种染料溶液在臭氧氧化过程中吸光度的变化以及pH对氧化速率的影响,应用发光菌毒性检测法测定了活性翠兰KN-G,直接混纺大红D-GLN和酸性橙Ⅱ三种染料溶液在臭氧氧化过程中的急性毒性. 结果表明:臭氧氧化20种染料的脱色过程符合一级反应动力学,其相关系数(R2)均大于0.950 0,反应溶液的初始pH对染料的脱色率有一定的影响. 染料溶液初始浓度相同时,pH为2的酸性条件更有利于染料的降解,在前45 s,酸性溶液脱色率比中性溶液高出了6%～25%. 在臭氧氧化染料溶液的过程中,溶液接近无色时,毒性较大,但随着氧化的进行其毒性逐渐降低.      

Effects of adsorption interferents on removal of reactive red 195 dye in wastewater by chitosan

Reactive Red 195, which is an azoic anionic dye characterized by the presence of five sulfonic groups and one azoic group, is efficiently removed using chitosan. The increasing chitosan dose had a dramatic positive impact on the achieved color removal, there was approximately a linear relationship between chitosan dose and color removal of dye before color removal reach maximum. Also, the increase of dye concentration led to the increase of chitosan dosage in order to get the same color remova l.92 mg/L of chitosan dosage was sufficient to achieve complete remove of dye at initial concentration of dye at 200 mg/L. For the higher concentrations of dye, high dosages were necessary to reach complete color removal. On the other hand, the use of adsorption interferents（Fe^2＋ , Na^＋ , HCO3^- and others） can be interesting, addition of ions had effect on the color removal of Reactive Red 195. Comparing with blank, addition of chemical species approximately decreased the color removal except Na^＋ and combination of Fe^2＋ ＋ HCO3^- . However, comparing with Fe^2＋ alone and HCO3^- alone, combination of Fe^2＋ ＋ HCO3^- increased the color removal.     

Ti/RuO2电极电催化脱除罗丹明B色度的研究

在阳极和阴极均为Ti RuO2 的无隔膜电解槽内 ,对罗丹明B的电化学脱色效果进行了研究 ,探讨了外加电压、电解质浓度、反应时间、溶液的初始pH、罗丹明B浓度以及NaCl的投加量对罗丹明B脱色的影响。研究结果表明 ,增加电压、提高电解质浓度、降低溶液pH、延长反应时间有利于罗丹明B色度的脱除 :相同条件下 ,溶液浓度越低 ,罗丹明B的电化学脱色效果越好。对于含 2 0mg L的罗丹明B溶液 ,当电解质Na2 SO4 浓度为 0 1mol L、溶液pH =2、外加电压为 8V ,电解6 0min ,溶液的脱色率即达到 95 % ;如果溶液中加入 6 0mg LNaCl,只需电解 30min ,罗丹明B溶液的脱色率即达到 96 %。     

微波辅助餐饮废物酸法水解条件研究

通过单因素试验选取试验因子,根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计原理,在单因素试验基础上采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,以水解液吸光度为响应值,对餐饮废物酸法水解条件进行优化.结果表明,水解温度、时间和c(HCl)与水解液吸光度存在显著相关性.餐饮废物酸法水解最佳条件:水解温度为76 ℃,时间13 min和c(HCl)为6.5 mol/L.与常规恒温水浴加热相比,在水解温度和酸浓度恒定的条件下,微波辅助加热可使餐饮废物酸法水解时间缩短约为原来的1/7,且糖液颜色较浅,w(单糖)提高了20.8%.      

电化学方法处理分散金黄HF-3R废水的研究

采用钛网作为阳极,钛网为阴极,对分散金黄HF-3R模拟染料废水进行了实验研究,探讨了电解时间、电解质种类及浓度、电流密度以及进水浓度对分散金黄HF-3R脱色效率的影响。结果表明:增加电流密度,提高电解质浓度,延长反应时间有利于分散金黄HF-3R色度的脱除,对于含有110 mg/L的分散金黄HF-3R溶液,电解质NaCl的质量浓度为20.0 g/L,电流密度为2.5 A/dm2,电解时间25 min,溶液的脱色率达到99%,COD去除率为98%。     

The sources and size distributions of aliphatic and carbonyl carbon in Los Angeles aerosol

Size distributions of aerosol phase aliphatic and carbonyl groups were measured during the Southern California Air Quality Study. Samples were collected using a low pressure impactor equipped with ZnSe disks and the aerosol samples were analyzed directly using infrared (i.r.) spectroscopy. For the carbonyl absorbance, the ambient samples showed maxima in the 0.12–0.26 μm and the 0.5–1.0 μm size fractions. For the aliphatic carbon absorbance, the ambient samples generally showed maxima in the 0.076–0.12 μm size fraction. Factors contributing to these two absorbances were examined using principal component analysis. The results indicate that the carbonyl absorbance can be almost entirely attributed to products of atmospheric reactions and the aliphatic absorbances in particles smaller than 0.12 μm is correlated with automotive emissions.     

Colourimetric analysis and antimicrobial study of natural dyes and dyed silk

Colourimetric and antimicrobial activities of natural colourants and dyed silk have been studied. The colour strength (K/S) values were increased with increase in dye absorbance. The absorption of dyes on silk yarns was obtained from 10.56 to 39.48% at 5% concentration of dye from different plant extracts. The colourimetric parameters L¹, a¹, b¹, C, and H were measured for depth of the colour. The dyed silk with natural colourants displayed excellent antimicrobial activity (reduction rate: 25–65%) against the bacteria Escherichia coli and (reduction rate: 3–68%) against the fungal strain Aspergillus niger. The dyed silk exhibited good and durable fastness properties.     

Adsorption removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by calcined hydrotalcite

A hydrotalcite with Mg/AI molar ratio 2 was prepared by co-precipitation method and was characterized by XRD, TG/DTA, Zeta potential and BET surface area. The hydrotalcite was calcined at 500℃, with the dehydration from interlayer, the dehydroxilation from the brucite-like layer and the decomposition of carbonate successively, transformed into the mixed oxide type. The removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by using the original hydrotalcite and calcined hydrotalcite （HTC-500） was investigated. The results showed that the thiocyanate adsorption capacity of calcined hydrotalcite was much higher than that of the original form. Calcined hydrotalcite was particularly effective at removing thiocyanate, and that the effective range of pH for the thiocyanate removal are between 5.5-10.0. The experimental data of thiocyanate removal fit nicely with Langmuir isotherm, and the saturated adsorption uptake was 96.2 mg SCN-/g HTC-500. The adsorption of thiocyanate by calcined hydrotalcite follows first-order kinetics. And the intercalation to the structure recovery for calcined hydrotalcite. But the presence of additional anions could affect the adsorption behavior of thiocyanate.     

连续流动分析法测定水和废水中的硫化物

依据IS010530：1992（E）的方法,用连续流动分析仪对多种样品（包括有色废水和标样）进行了测定。结果表明,硫化物的浓度在0～1．0mg／L的范围内,具有良好的线性,硫化物在线预处理系统使样品分析的速度大大提高,可分析20个样品／h,分析结果的相对标准偏差小于2．0,回收率92．3％～103．4％。     

均匀设计法优化造纸黑液的湿式氧化法处理工艺

通过均匀设计实验,对造纸黑液进行湿式氧化处理,数据回归得到CODCr、吸光度、浊度的回归方程,各回归方程显著,氧分压对造纸黑液各指标影响最大;研究反应过程中反应温度、氧分压、进水pH值、进水浓度、搅拌强度、反应时间对造纸黑液湿式氧化(WAO)处理的影响,6因素优化的操作条件依次为:180℃、3.0MPa、7.25、5500mg/L、500r/min、60min;在优化的操作条件下,造纸黑液的CODCr、CODCr去除率为1661mg/L、69.8%,吸光度、脱色率为0.63、96.3%,浊度、浊度去除率为661NTU、74.8%.均匀设计法在造纸黑液WAO处理中得到了较好的应用.     

TTC-脱氢酶还原法测定藻细胞活性的优化与评价

TTC-脱氢酶还原法可用于藻细胞活性的测定,但藻细胞色素会对测定产生影响。实验结果显示,当4mL细胞密度为1．3×10^10个／L的藻样,在提取剂浓度大于60％时,色素在485nm处产生吸光度值迭0．35-0．52,对测定产生较大干扰。采用正已烷进行萃取,可去除部分色素干扰,能将色素产生吸光度值降到0．14-0．32。碱性物质会破坏色素,在乙醇提取剂中加入KOH或NaOH,可将色素产生吸光度值从0．14—0．32降到0．04～0．26,所加碱性物质最佳浓度为0．001M～0．01M,过高浓度会破坏TTC的还原产物三苯基甲腊（TPF）。色素去除的最佳条件是：使用含0．001M～0．01MKOH或NaOH的50％乙醇作为提取剂,提取TPF后,用正已烷进行萃取,色素所致吸光度值可从0．45降至0．04,基本将色素干扰去除。