低温试验测量审核分析

测量审核是对实验室具备某项技术能力的实测结果验证,是能力验证活动的重要方式之一。以所在实验室参加低温试验测量审核活动为例,对影响测量结果的因素进行了详细分析,并对测量审核结果进行了不确定度评定,以期探讨如何做好测量审核工作以证明申请单位实验室的指定项目具备高质量的检测能力。     

大电流注入抗扰度（BCI）试验能力验证研究

能力验证是评定实验室的试验能力的有效外部手段,具体通过既定评价准则进行实验室间比对实现。本文围绕道路车辆电子电气部件大电流注入抗扰度（BCI）试验能力验证计划,就相关技术问题进行探讨,希望对提升实验室整体水平有所帮助。     

浅谈国家环境监测网实验室能力考核(验证)工作的经验总结

为进一步做好国家环境监测网实验室能力考核(验证)工作,持续保持实验室体系运行的有效性,进一步保证监测数据的质量,从样品测定和质量管理体系两方面总结了近几年参加国家环境监测网实验室能力考核(验证)工作的一些经验,涵盖“人、机、料、法、环、测”,数据审核,报告审核,结果应用等环节,对实验室参加其他类型的外部考核也有较好的参考作用。     

电磁兼容比对试验的实施与分析

本次比对试验在A、B两家国军标电磁兼容检测实验室中进行。比对的项目为国军标GJB151B中的CE101(25Hz~10kHz电源线传导发射)测试项、RE102(10kHz~1GHz电场辐射发射)。验证测试设备、测试场地、测试方法等对测试结果的影响。将双方实验室的比对数据进行分析,研究A实验室与B实验室测试结果存在差异的原因,并给出改进措施。     

低温高温试验能力验证结果及不确定度分析

基于环境试验能力验证低温与高温试验标准及指导计划,结合了参与实验室自身试验检测条件,提出了相符合的实施方案。分析了试验过程中误差来源,并对测试结果的测量不确定度进行评定。能力验证评定达到了满意的结果,并为进一步提高试验检测准确性提供了一种分析途径。     

采用TEVA树脂分离环境地表水中的钚

验证了TEVA树脂作为萃取色层材料分离环境地表水中钚的效果。实验通过加标回收率、去污系数这两个指标评估了方法性能,更通过实验室间比对验证了方法的准确性和可靠性,并用此方法对5个不同点位环境水样中的钚进行了分析和测量。所有的实验结果均表明TEVA树脂能出色地分离出环境地表水中钚。     

精密度法评定水中镉的测量不确定度

根据分析人员在连续6周每周4次水质中镉实验室质控样品的分析数据,利用Top-down技术中的精密度法,对环境水样中镉的测量不确定度进行了评定,建立了用实验室内精密度和偏差的数据来评定水中镉的测量不确定度的方法。文章依据GB/T 7475-1987《水质铜、锌、铅、镉的测定原子吸收分光光度法》测定水中镉的质控样品,利用能力验证结果和质控样品的重复性、精密度实验,对实验室测量偏倚和精密度控制情况进行评估,并在保证实验室的测量过程处于统计受控状态下,参考能力验证的室间标准差作为测量不确定度的估计值。     

放射性比对土壤样品制备的不确定度评定分析

基于放射性比对土壤样品的制备过程,全面的分析了不确定度的来源。5种核素参考值的相对标准不确定度为1.569%~2.708%(k=1),并将评定结果应用于参比实验室测量结果的评价过程。评定方法适用于同类固体放射性比对样品的制备过程。     

国家耐火材料质检中心通过国际实验室能力验证

国家耐火材料质量监督检验中心2009年参加了中实国金国际实验室能力验证中心组织的能力验证,计划名称为NILPT-0154高炉渣中SiO2、CaO、MgO、Al2O3含量的测定（国际比对）、NITPT-0159碳化硅中SiC、游离碳含量的测定。     

低温试验测量审核不满意的分析

对ZTH020U型高低温湿热试验箱低温试验测量审核不满意的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的措施。后续参比试验在此基础上,均未出现不满意的结果。     

HB6783、GB/T5170在温湿度试验箱性能指标验收中的应用

本文简要介绍了环境与可靠性试验领域试验设备系列检定标准HB 6783、GB/T 5170。以本单位某型温湿度试验箱验收为例,详细介绍了HB 6783、GB/T 5170系列温湿度试验设备检定/检验标准在温湿度试验箱性能指标验收中的应用,通过对比应用总结,指出综合比较不同检定标准中温湿度性能指标的检定项目、方法,结合本单位产品试验需求应用,是制定温湿度试验箱性能指标验收方法的最佳途径。     

Environmental Auditing and the Role of the Accountancy Profession: A Literature Review

This review of the literature on environmental auditing and the potential role of accountants distinguishes between compliance audits and audits of the environmental management system. After an extensive introduction to the concept, this review focuses on the similarities and differences between an environmental audit and a financial statement audit. The general approach to both types of audits is similar, except that environmental audits are largely unregulated. Both audits place an emphasis on the evaluation of control systems, which is an argument in favor of external auditors playing a role in environmental audits. Another argument for including external accountants is their code of ethics. However, these professionals seem to be reluctant to enter the field of environmental auditing. It is argued that this reluctance is because of a lack of generally accepted principles for conducting environmental audits. If external accountants are engaged in environmental auditing, they should be part of multidisciplinary teams that also include scientists and engineers to avoid a too strong focus on procedures. Rather than treating these audits as totally different, it is proposed that there be a move towards integrated, or even universal, audits.     

火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的质量控制指标研究

本文研究了火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的质量控制指标,全国共12个省份的46家实验室参加测定工作,提供了具有全国性指导意义的工作参考数据.研究结果为:标准样品在0.2～4.0mg/L浓度范围内的RSD≤3.0%,RSD'≤10.0%,室间标准偏差≤0.10mg/L;浓度≤2.0mg/L时,RE≤±10.0%,2.0～4.0...     

屏蔽室环境工况对传导骚扰测量的影响

建立工况可调屏蔽室：安装恒温恒湿系统,实现温度在（10～35）℃连续可调、测量空间温度场均匀度和最大波动均〈10℃,湿度控制在（30～60）％范围。利用工况可调屏蔽室,研究温湿度对传导骚扰测试结果的影响：选取电动工具、空调（变频、定频）、除湿机等产品,研究不同产品传导骚扰电压与谐波随环境温湿度的变化规律,发现骚扰电压和谐波测量值随环境温度的变化有很大的不同,试验证明这些产品的传导骚扰电压和谐波测量值明显随着环境温度而变化。研究结果对提高,实验室电磁兼容测试水平具有良好的实用价值,对于相关标准的制修订具有参考价值。     

有证标准样品的应用及其管理方法探讨

介绍了有证标准样品的定义和主要作用,详细阐述了有证标准样品在检测实验室的7个主要应用领域、正确使用指南和科学管理方法,以保证检测实验室检测结果的准确和量值溯源性。     

Environmental auditing: Theory and applications

The environmental audit has become a regular part of corporate environmental management in Canada and is also gaining recognition in the public sector. A 1991 survey of 75 private sector companies across Canada revealed that 76% (57/75) had established environmental auditing programs. A similar survey of 19 federal, provincial, and municipal government departments revealed that 11% (2/19) had established such programs. The information gained from environmental audits can be used to facilitate and enhance environmental management from the single facility level to the national and international levels. This paper is divided into two sections: section one examines environmental audits at the facility/company level and discusses environmental audit characteristics, trends, and driving forces not commonly found in the available literature. Important conclusions are: that wherever possible, an action plan to correct the identified problems should be an integral part of an audit, and therefore there should be a close working relationship between auditors, managers, and employees, and that the first audits will generally be more difficult, time consuming, and expensive than subsequent audits. Section two looks at environmental audits in the broader context and discusses the relationship between environmental audits and three other environmental information gathering/analysis tools: environmental impact assessments, state of the environment reports, and new systems of national accounts. The argument is made that the information collected by environmental audits and environmental impact assessments at the facility/company level can be used as the bases for regional and national state of the environment reports and new systems of national accounts.     

Achieving quality environmental audits: Twenty tips for success

In 1995 the authors spent a considerable amount of time conducting audits and audit training classes all over the world. In rolling out Colgate-Palmolive's reengineered environmental audit program, they coupled a two-day training program with a three-day audit. Whether in Asia-Pacific, South America, Europe, or the United States, auditors, especially those newly trained, always seemed to fall into the same traps time and again. In order to facilitate the learning process, the authors prepared a list of 20 tips to use at the beginning and end of all training programs and audits. In this article, the authors share the 20 “golden rules” to help all auditors improve the quality of their audits.     

电驱动道路车辆 动力锂离子电池的试验和要求

本文介绍了电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求.是环境试验、电性能试验、安全性试验等专题介绍的第一篇.供实验室和相关产品的供需方参考.     

日本电安法和电波法相应标准对电磁炉EMC测试要求

概述S-mark认证中的EMC要求及相关标准。以电磁炉为例,对日本电安法和电波法对EMC测试要求重新梳理了章节的测试条款,对标准规定不够详细的地方提出了解读意见,以供实验室检测和厂家认证参考。     

Case study: Browning-ferris industries' computerized system for managing audit and environment performance

While some companies have established scoring systems within their audit programs, few utilize the full potential for measurement of the information gathered and subsequently produced from audits. In this article, the use of a computerized tracking system developed and used by Browning-Ferris Industries is discussed, along with a data report that details the completion of audit items and helps assure that action plans resulting from environmental audits are completed. This and other summary reports from the computer tracking system have provided meaningful measures of individual facilities' and overall company performance.