钒胁迫对水稻幼苗生理生化和富集特性的影响

水稻（Oryza.sativa L.）是我国最重要的粮食作物之一,水稻产量占粮食总产量的一半以上,一旦水稻受到重金属污染,将会影响水稻植株的正常生长和生理特性。目前关于钒胁迫对水稻植株生理特性指标的影响方面报道较少。通过水培实验,研究了不同钒（V）质量浓度（0、4、8、12、16、20 mg·L-1）对水稻幼苗（Oryza.sativa L）生理生化和富集特性的影响。结果表明：随着V胁迫浓度的增加,叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等均呈现先上升、后下降的变化趋势。当ρ（V）≤12 mg·L-1,与对照相比较,叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和酶活性增大了135.3%、104.2%、77.8%（CAT）、84.5%（POD）和273.2%（SOD）;当ρ（V）〉12 mg·L-1,则分别降低37.2%、39.4%、41.1%、24.1%和24.5%。随着 V 胁迫浓度的增加,丙二醛（MDA）含量和细胞膜透性逐渐增大,与对照相比,分别增加了38.5%~289.3%、21.2%~303.2%,根系活力下降了10.9%~82.2%。可见,低ρ（V）（≤12 mg·L-1）对水稻幼苗的生长有一定的刺激作用,水稻幼苗自身保护酶表现出较强的自我调节能力;高ρ（V）（〉12 mg·L-1）明显抑制叶绿素和蛋白合成、抗氧化酶活性和根系活力,伤害了细胞质膜系统,影响水稻幼苗的生长发育。不同V浓度胁迫下,水稻幼苗累积的V含量为：根〉茎叶。随着V胁迫浓度增加,水稻幼苗各器官V含量增大,其中根部增幅远大于茎叶,当ρ（V）从5 mg·L-1增加到40 mg·L-1,与对照相比较,根部增加了0.98~25.3倍,茎叶部增加了0.26~4.74倍。生物富集系数（BF）先增加后降低,最大值为2.8408;迁移系数（TF）下降,最低值为0.1170,说明水稻对V有较强的富集能力,但迁移能力较低,积累的V主要富集在根部,可减轻V对地上部植物的危害。     

一株新分离的克雷伯氏菌对三苯基锡的降解性能及离子释放规律

研究了克雷伯氏菌在无机盐培养基和去离子水中对三苯基锡(TPhT)的降解性能,考察了不同时间TPhT降解率与各离子释放量的变化关系,为论证有机锡的微生物降解机理提供实验依据.5.0 g.L-1菌体处理120 h后,3.0 mg.L-1TPhT在无机盐培养基和去离子水体系中的降解率分别高达77.3%和60.9%.在TPhT降解过程中,TPhT会促进菌体离子的释放,加剧菌体的内陷并增加凋亡细胞的数量.TPhT的降解率与NH4+、Na+、PO34-、SO24-、NO2-的释放在0.01水平下显著正相关,Na+、NH4+、Ca2+的释放规律符合准二级动力学模式.XPS分析证明菌体降解TPhT 120 h前后细胞表面元素和基团没有发生改变,但TPhT则发生了转化.     

3种水生植物对锰污染水体修复作用的研究

通过静态水培试验,研究了3种水生植物水葫芦（Eichhornia crassipes（Mart.）Solms）、水浮莲（Pistia stratiotes L.）、水花生（Atlernanthera philoxeroides）在55、155mg L-1锰（Mn）质量浓度下的生物量、Mn质量分数、富集系数、转运系数,以及对2种Mn质量浓度水体的修复作用。结果表明,水浮莲的鲜质量、干质量、相对生长率、Mn质量分数、富集系数随着取样时间的延长而显著增加（P〈0.05）。2种Mn质量浓度下,水葫芦与水浮莲的鲜质量与相对生长率显著高于水花生。植物茎叶的Mn质量分数依次为水浮莲〉水葫芦〉水花生（P〈0.05）,其中155mg L-1Mn处理水浮莲与水葫芦茎叶Mn质量分数均高于10000mg kg-1,分别为12431.05mg kg-1、11238.28mg kg-1。3种植物茎叶、根的富集指数均显著大于1,且茎叶的富集系数依次为水浮莲〉水葫芦〉水花生（P〈0.05）,根富集指数依次为水浮莲≈水葫芦〉水花生（P〈0.05）。在10,21d这2个取样时期,水浮莲的转运系数要高于其它植物,其中在155mg L-1处理下,水浮莲的转运系数要高于1,分别为1.04、1.01。种植3种水生植物后,2种Mn处理水体的Mn质量浓度随着取样时间的延长而降低。水葫芦、水浮莲、水花生收获时,55mg L-1Mn处理的水体Mn质量浓度分别降低了31.84%、31.44%、18.47%;155mg L-1Mn处理则降低了12.02%、18.53%、7.57%。可见,水浮莲符合超积累植物对Mn质量分数、富集系数、转运系数的要求,其在Mn污染水体修复方面有很好的应用前景。     

顺丁烯二酸异构酶工程菌发酵条件优化

为提高重组大肠杆菌中顺丁烯二酸异构酶表达量,通过正交试验设计,对工程菌的生长条件和目的蛋白可溶表达条件进行优化.采用250 mL三角瓶中装有50 mL(Amp 100 mg L-1)的培养基,分别研究培养基中葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母浸粉的浓度,培养基pH值以及摇床转速、装液量、接种量等对蛋白可溶表达量的影响.确定顺丁烯二酸异构酶工程菌最优化培养基为:蛋白胨20 g L-1、酵母浸粉2.5 g L-1、K2HPO4·3H2O 3.0 g L-1、KH2PO4 1.5 g L-1、NaCl 6 g L-1、MgSO43 g L-1,培养基pH调至6.5.确定顺丁烯二酸异构酶工程菌可溶性表达最优条件为:37℃下培养至D600 nm值为1.0时,添加终浓度为0.05 mmol L-1的IPTG进行诱导,诱导温度37℃,摇床转速220 r min-1,装液量20%,接种量5%,诱导时长为6 h.利用BioFlo 415发酵罐以最优化的培养基和发酵条件对该工程菌进行了3批发酵实验,与摇瓶实验相比,顺丁烯二酸异构酶的表达量提高了近1.5倍,单位发酵液的酶活力由46 U mL-1发酵液提高到78 U mL-1发酵液.以上数据为顺丁烯二酸异构酶重组工程菌的中试发酵奠定了基础.图7表2参17     

Pb污染对白菜的生态毒理效应研究（Ecotoxicological Effects of Pb on Brassice rapa）

采用水培方法研究了白菜种子和幼苗对Pb的富集能力与耐受性.实验设6个处理浓度,分别为0.2mg·L-1、0.4mg·L-1、0.8mg·L-1、1.6mg·L-1、3.2mg·L-1及对照,共培养7d,然后测定种子萌发抑制率、茎生长抑制率、根的耐性指数、叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量与铅的富集量.研究表明白菜幼苗对高浓度的Pb具有富集能力,根是主要的富集器官,根的最高富集量为75.46mg·L-1.Pb抑制白菜幼苗的营养生长,抑制白菜根的伸长.0.2mg·L-1处理浓度下,Pb促进白菜茎的生长,高浓度的Pb抑制白菜茎的生长.Pb抑制白菜体内叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量.铅影响白菜幼苗的正常生长,白菜对铅具有一定耐受性.     

籽粒苋对土壤中镉的耐性和积累特征

籽粒苋是一种生物量大、易栽培的镉(Cd)富集植物,具有作为Cd污染土壤修复植物的潜力.比较了两个基因型籽粒苋(K112和R104)的耐Cd性特征,土壤Cd污染浓度范围是0～50mgkg-1,生长60d收获.结果表明,籽粒苋K112(Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Cv.‘K112’)与R104(A. hypochondriacus L. Cv.‘R104’)生物量随土壤中Cd浓度的增加而逐步下降,在土壤中Cd浓度16mgkg-1时,其生物量积累没有受到明显的影响.在本试验最高Cd浓度条件(50mgkg-1)下仍可生长,但生物量显著下降.两种籽粒苋叶中Cd含量随土壤中Cd浓度增加而快速上升,在土壤Cd浓度为16mgkg-1时,叶内Cd浓度分别达120.63和109.96mgkg-1(DW),达到超富集植物的临界标准.Cd在植物体内的分布特征为叶根茎.籽粒苋两个品种相比,K112吸收Cd的能力大于R104,尤其是在高Cd浓度时,两种籽粒苋对Cd的绝对提取量相似,并随土壤Cd浓度的上升而快速增加.籽粒苋K112和R104对土壤中的Cd具有很强的耐性和积累的能力,可作为Cd污染土壤的修复植物.     

黑麦草在修复铜-芘复合污染水体过程中对污染物的富集效应

采用水培实验的方法,研究了黑麦草对铜和芘复合污染体系的修复能力、黑麦草不同部位对铜和芘的富集效应.结果表明,黑麦草能在96 h内使水体中铜和芘的浓度显著降低,分别由5 mg.L-1和0.1 mg.L-1降低至0.49 mg.L-1和0.009 mg.L-1;黑麦草根部对铜和芘的积累量和富集系数明显大于茎叶,随着铜处理浓度的增加,根和茎叶中铜的积累量随之增加,而根中铜的生物富集系数却随之降低,黑麦草根和茎叶中芘的积累量分别在4.65—5.39 mg.kg-1和0.81—1.08 mg.kg-1之间,铜对水体中芘的去除以及根和茎叶中芘的积累均无显著性影响.     

Ag（Ⅰ）对大肠杆菌抑制作用影响因素的分析

通过测定在各种条件下Ag（Ⅰ）对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli的生长的抑制作用,系统分析了各参数对Ag（Ⅰ）毒性的影响。结果表明：好氧、厌氧状态下,Ag（Ⅰ）对E.coli的抑制能力基本相同;在LB培养基、氨基酸基本培养基和标准基本培养基中Ag（Ⅰ）开始抑制E.coli生长的浓度差异较大,分别为10、0.5、0.1μmol/L;LB组分中的酵母粉的加入完全消除了Ag（I）对E.coli的抑制作用;此外,菌体浓度越高抑制其生长所需的Ag（Ⅰ）浓度也越高。因此Ag（I）对E.coli生长的抑制作用与氧化应激无关,而与培养基种类、培养基组分及菌体浓度高度相关。     

铜绿假单胞菌(TBPY)降解对氯苯酚的特性

借助Vis-UV分光光度计、高效液相色谱(HPLC)仪和透射电镜(TEM),对铜绿假单胞菌TBPY的生长与降解对氯苯酚的性能进行了研究.结果表明:通过逐步增加对氯苯酚浓度和转接代数的驯化后,TBPY菌株降解对氯苯酚的能力有了很大的提高,原菌在4d内才能将浓度为100mg.l-1的对氯苯酚降解至85mg.l-1,降解率只有15%,而多次驯化后的TBPY只需2d就能将浓度为100mg.l-1的对氯苯酚完全降解,驯化能显著提高TBPY菌株的降解能力;并且,与驯化前相比菌体的形态发生了很大变化,由菌体周边整齐、直或稍弯、两端钝圆的均匀杆状变为不均匀的卵圆、短杆和直杆状,几乎每个菌的形态都呈"花生"状,且菌体周边出现半透明的膜状物质,TBPY有很好的自我保护能力.随着对氯苯酚浓度的增大,TBPY菌的生长迟滞期是逐渐延长的,当对氯苯酚浓度达到150mg.l-1时,生长迟滞期为6d,对氯苯酚浓度继续增加,TBPY几乎停止生长,TBPY可耐受150mg.l-1的对氯苯酚.温度在30℃左右时,对氯苯酚的初始降解速率最大;菌株TBPY在培养基初始pH值为7.0—8.0的范围内,降解对氯苯酚的能力较强,以pH7.5的降解效果最好,对氯苯酚的初始降解速率高达1.51 mg.l-.1h-1;当pH6.5和pH8.5时,对氯苯酚的初始降解速率均较低为0.513 mg.l-.1h-1和1.061 mg.l-.1h-1.该菌优化降解条件为:温度30℃、培养基初始pH7.5、接种量2.0%;在该条件下,发酵1d后100mg.l-1对氯苯酚的降解率达99%以上.     

废弃铅锌矿区和非矿区小花南芥根际真菌的分离及其铅耐性研究

采用常规、含Cd^2＋和含Pb^2＋马丁氏培养基,对云南省会泽县废弃铅锌矿区和非矿区小花南芥（Arabis alpina Linn）根际真菌进行分离和鉴定,将分离的菌株接种在含不同浓度（0、0．1、1和10mmol L^-1）Pb^2＋的马铃薯葡萄糖培养液中,比较废弃铅锌矿区和非矿区小花南芥根际真菌的铅耐性,结果表明：从废弃铅锌矿区和非矿区小花南芥根际共分离获得11个属的54株真菌。大于1mmolL^-1的Pb^2＋显著抑制铅锌矿区和非矿区小花南芥根际真菌的生长;含Cd^2＋和含Pb^2＋的马丁氏培养基分离的铅锌矿区小花南芥根际真菌Pb^2＋的生长半数抑制浓度（EC50）平均值和最大值均明显大于非矿区,铅锌矿区小花南芥根际真菌对Pb^2＋的耐性强于非矿区。     

Biodegradation of paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium isolated from industrially contaminated sediment

Biodegradability of the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium in which Pseudomonas was the predominant strain was investigated in batch culture. The consortium which had been isolated from an industrially contaminated sediment was proven to be useful for the treatment of effluents containing paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol was degraded by the pure isolated strain of Pseudomonas sp. as well as the microbial consortium. Paclobutrazol was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sixty percent of the paclobutrazol was degraded by the microbial consortium from an initial concentration of 54 mg L^?1 within 48 h and more than 98% of an initial concentration of 3.4 mg L^?1 was degraded within 36 h. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30°C and 7.0, respectively. A pure strain of a bacterium, isolated from the enrichment culture was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The microbial consortium was tolerant of high pH and could degrade paclobutrazol faster than the pure strain. The degradation rate of this plant growth regulator in an aerobic environment was greater than that under anaerobic conditions.     

Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on metal phytoextraction from contaminated soil by Brassica juncea

The present study deals with metal uptake by Brassica juncea in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf 27 for Zn, Cu and Cd removal from brass and electroplating-industry effluent-contaminated soil. Inoculation of P. fluorescens significantly (p<0.05) increased water soluble (Ws) and exchangeable (Ex) metal content in contaminated soil in laboratory conditions and also enhanced plant biomass by 99% and chlorophyll content by 91% as compared to uninoculated plants in the greenhouse. The metal uptake by B. juncea followed the pattern Zn>Cu>Cd and increased with increasing plant growth duration. P. fluorescens inoculation increased root and shoot uptake of Zn by 3.05 and 2.69, Cu by 3.19 and 2.82 and Cd by 3.11- and 2.75-fold, respectively. BCF value for each metal was>1 and increased by 44%, 42% and 38% for Zn, Cu and Cd, respectively, in inoculated conditions, whereas TF remained unaffected and followed the order Zn>Cd>Cu. P. fluorescens inoculation also enhanced Ws fraction of Zn, Cu and Cd by 99%, 77% and 90% and Ex by 107%, 70% and 93%, respectively. Results depicted that association of B. juncea with P. fluorescens could be a promising strategy for enhancing soil metal bioavailability and plant growth for successful phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.     

Comparative growth response of two varieties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna radiata</Emphasis> L. (var. PDM 54 and var. NM 1) grown on different tannery sludge applications: effects of treated wastewater and ground water used for irrigation

This study evaluates the possibility of using contaminated soil by treated tannery wastewater and the use of tannery sludge in agriculture. The plants of Vigna radiata var. PDM 54 grown on contaminated soil and irrigated with ground water have not shown the translocation of toxic metal (Cr) in the upper part. The biomass of the plant increased when irrigated with treated tannery wastewater compared to ground water, whereas no significant change was observed in chlorophyll and protein contents. In both the varieties (var. PDM 54 and var. NM 1) of V. radiata grown on tannery sludge amendments, the growth parameters exhibited a pronounced positive growth response up to 35% tannery sludge amendments compared with the plants grown on garden soil. Despite the Cr accumulation at lower amendments, no toxicity symptoms were observed in both the varieties of the plants. Higher amendments affected various growth parameters, NR activity, and carbohydrate content of the plants. The results suggest that the plants of V. radiata (var. PDM 54) may be grown on contaminated soil or lower sludge amendments and irrigated with ground water. No translocation of toxic metal Cr was found in the seeds of the plants grown in up to 25% tannery sludge. However, periodical monitoring is required before the consumption of seeds. Overall, the results showed that plant growth patterns were influenced to some extent by the level of soil contamination and the water used for irrigation.     

137 Cs在我国滨海核电周边海洋生物的富集及生态风险研究

铯-137(~(137)Cs)是滨海核电站液态流出物中主要人工放射性核素和重要监控指标之一,易被水生生物累积,有关核电周边海域内海洋生物的核素富集状况备受关注。通过分析海洋生物富集放射性~(137)Cs的方式、生物富集系数的种群特征、人工放射性核素在生物体内的辐射剂量率状况,结果显示:1)滨海核电周边海域内~(137)Cs的放射性水平较低; 2)海洋生物对于~(137)Cs的富集未呈现显著的种群规律; 3)目前对放射性铯的富集能力较高的生物主要是底栖生物; 4)核电厂周边海域内海洋生物通常未达到可导致电离辐射损伤的辐射剂量率水平。随着滨海核电在我国的大力发展,对能够快速反映环境放射性状况的指示生物的筛选、生物放射性质量安全及其生态健康风险需进一步关注。     

丛枝菌根对土壤-植物系统中重金属迁移转化的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)是一类在自然和农业生态系统中广泛存在并能与多数陆生植物形成共生关系的土壤真菌,在重金属污染土壤中对宿主植物的生长及吸收累积重金属具有重要影响,因而对污染土壤的生物修复具有潜在应用价值。以重金属从根际土壤进入植物并在植物体内再分配过程为主线,介绍丛枝菌根在这一过程中对重金属环境行为,特别是根际土壤中重金属赋存形态及植物吸收重金属的影响。最后,对丛枝菌根影响植物重金属耐性机制研究前沿和菌根修复技术的应用前景进行展望。     

生物炭施用对矿区污染农田土壤上油菜生长和重金属富集的影响

矿山的生产活动往往会造成周边农田的污染,而利用生物炭技术治理矿区周边污染农田土壤具有重要的现实意义。生物炭是指生物质在无氧或限氧条件下热裂解制备而成的一种细粒度、多孔性的环境友好型材料,其在调控温室气体排放,改良土壤性状,促进植物生长和控制环境污染物迁移转化方面应用潜力巨大。采用室内盆栽模拟实验,研究了不同水稻秸秆生物炭施用量（0、1%、5%）对郴州和龙岩地区矿山周边重金属污染的农田土壤的生化性状、油菜（Brassia campestris L.）产量、重金属累积和富集系数等的影响,为生物炭作为环境功能材料应用于矿山污染农田治理提供科学依据。结果表明：与对照相比,施加1%和5%生物炭均能提高土壤pH值和有机质质量分数,提升幅度随施用量的增加而升高,其中偏酸性的龙岩土壤的变化幅度更大;生物炭施用会影响土壤酶活性,5%生物炭处理下两种受试土壤中脲酶和过氧化物酶活性均显著提高,但酸性磷酸酶活性降低;龙岩土壤上的油菜产量在1%和5%生物炭施用处理下均显著提高,而郴州土壤上的油菜产量在1%生物炭处理下无显著变化,而在5%生物炭处理下降低了42.9%;生物炭施用影响了两种土壤上油菜可食部分重金属Cd、As和Pb的质量分数,但没有一致的规律;与对照相比,生物炭施用后郴州和龙岩土壤上油菜可食部分中Cd质量分数均出现下降趋势,但是仅5%生物炭处理的龙岩土壤具显著性差异;1%和5%生物炭施用处理使两种受试土壤上油菜可食部分Pb质量分数较对照处理显著降低（P〈0.05）,但降幅不同,郴州土壤降低了23.6%和22.0%,而偏酸性的龙岩土壤降低了82.1%和94.5%;生物炭施用后两种受试土壤上油菜可食部分As质量分数的变化不同,郴州土壤添加生物炭后油菜As质量分数呈上升趋势,且增量随生物炭施用量增加而升高,龙岩土壤则相反,1     

Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the remediation of metal contaminated soils

Pollution of the biosphere by the toxic metals is a global threat that has accelerated dramatically since the beginning of industrial revolution. The primary source of this pollution includes the industrial operations such as mining, smelting, metal forging, combustion of fossil fuels and sewage sludge application in agronomic practices. The metals released from these sources accumulate in soil and in turn, adversely affect the microbial population density and physico-chemical properties of soils, leading to the loss of soil fertility and yield of crops. The heavy metals in general cannot be biologically degraded to more or less toxic products and hence, persist in the environment. Conventional methods used for metal detoxification produce large quantities of toxic products and are cost-effective. The advent of bioremediation technology has provided an alternative to conventional methods for remediating the metal-poisoned soils. In metal-contaminated soils, the natural role of metal-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in maintaining soil fertility is more important than in conventional agriculture, where greater use of agrochemicals minimize their significance. Besides their role in metal detoxification/removal, rhizobacteria also promote the growth of plants by other mechanisms such as production of growth promoting substances and siderophores. Phytoremediation is another emerging low-cost in situ technology employed to remove pollutants from the contaminated soils. The efficiency of phytoremediation can be enhanced by the judicious and careful application of appropriate heavy-metal tolerant, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organisms. This review presents the results of studies on the recent developments in the utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for direct application in soils contaminated with heavy metals under a wide range of agro-ecological conditions with a view to restore contaminated soils and consequently, promote crop productivity in metal-polluted soils across the globe and their significance in phytoremediation.     

Uptake of 137Cs in cultured fresh water fish (Cyprinus carpio): Physiological and histological effects

An experiment was conducted in fresh‐water fish (Cyprinus carpio) cultured, in small water tanks, artificially contaminated with radioactive ¹³⁷Cs (3000 Bq/1) to determine the uptake of ¹³⁷Cs and its physiological and histological effects in different fish organs.

It was found that ¹³⁷Cs was located in muscular tissues, gills, head muscles, liver and kidneys. Moderate amounts were found in spleen, eyes, gonads, intestine and urinary bladder. It seems that sorption was of much less importance than ingestion in the uptake of ¹³⁷Cs. The histological examination in musculature tissue, revealed an acute hyperemia with focal hemorrages which may be due to allergic effects of ¹³⁷Cs. Hyperemia and focal fatty degeneration of hepatic cells was also noted in the liver which may be due to toxic effects of ¹³⁷Cs diffused hyperemia has also occurred in the brain and focal degeneration of epithelial cells of renal tubules.     

Assessment of Cs and Sr accumulation in two epiphytic species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) in vitro

Multiple nuclides commonly occur together and exert toxicity simultaneously, but the difference between single and combined effects of the nuclides is rarely investigated. Epiphytic Tillandsia species are efficient air pollution biomonitors, but rarely used to monitor nuclide contamination. Two Tillandsia species, that is, T. brachycaulos and T. stricta, were chosen to test their capacity to accumulate Cs and Sr. Most plants were able to endure Cs and Sr stress for a long period, which suggested these species could resist toxic elements physiologically and metabolically. With the increasing Cs or Sr concentrations, nuclide contents in both species increased significantly, indicating the potential of Tillandsia species in monitoring nuclide pollutants. However, when the plants were treated with combined nuclides, the content of each ion decreased distinctly compared to those treated with single ion, which suggested Cs and Sr influenced and inhibited each other. In addition, T. brachycaulos seemed more efficient in the uptake of Sr, while T. stricta was more efficient for Cs. Both species accumulated more Sr than Cs at low concentrations, while more Cs than Sr at high concentrations. These results indicated that the uptake of Cs and Sr was related to both the concentrations of the nuclides and the plant species exposed.     

不同来源重金属污染的土壤对水稻的影响

采用人工污染土壤、尾矿砂、污泥等不同载体的污染源来模拟土壤污染 ,研究其对水稻生长、吸收养分和吸收重金属的影响。结果表明 ,不同污染载体对水稻生长的影响不同 ,其影响的大小顺序为人工污染土壤 >尾矿砂 >污泥 >尾矿砂 +污泥。不同污染载体对水稻吸收重金属的影响亦不同 ,以纯化学试剂的形式添加到土壤中的重金属最易被提取出来 ,植物从中吸收的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd最多 ,而从以污泥为污染载体的土壤中吸收的Zn、Pb、Cd最少。研究表明 ,用添加纯化学试剂的方法来模拟污染土壤对生态与环境的影响是可行的 ,确定土壤负载容量是安全的 ,因为在实验条件下它对供试植物的影响最明显