共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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用过滤、XAD-8和XAD-4树脂串联吸附等方法将京密引水中的天然有机物定量分离为悬浮固体、憎水有机物、腐殖酸类化合物,XAD-4酸和其它亲水有机物。分别对不同形态有机物进行氯化处理,测定了产物中的挥发性卤代烃。结果表明,京密引水中天然有机物的主要挥发性氯化产物是氯仿,此外还生成一溴、二溴氯甲烷及少量溴仿。溶解态腐殖酸类化合物的悬浮固态和悬浮固态有机物是生成氯仿的最主要母体。亲水有机酸也具有较高的卤代活性,而其它有机成分则表现出相对惰性。 相似文献
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饮用水中三氯甲烷的形成影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在利用氯消毒的过程中,次氯酸盐与腐质酸反应通常会生成如三氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷等三卤甲烷物质,而三氯甲烷则是其中主要的一种,早已被证实具有致癌性.以室内模拟实验研究了水样中有机物含量、加氯量和氯化时间等因素对氯化消毒副产物三氯甲烷的形成影响.结果表明,三氯甲烷的形成量与有机物含量、加氯量和氯化时间均呈正相关.随着氯化时间的延长,渐渐三氯甲烷的形成量渐渐趋于饱和. 相似文献
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通过连续过滤方法和实验室氯化,臭氧化实验研究了哈尔滨地区土壤提取液中天然有机物的卤代活性以及不同的形态天然有机物的差异,比较了氯化和臭氧化条件下的卤代烃生成量及处理后的7日卤代潜力,研究结果表明,在数分钟的氯化实验中,憎水有机物,腐殖酸类化合物和非腐殖酸类亲水有机物的单位有机碳卤代烃生成量分别为1.46,0.35和4.03μg/mg(C),而7日卤代潜力则分别为6.6,57.2和40.6μg/mg(C),可见其差别不仅表现在热力学文献,而且反应在反应速率方面,在本实验条件下,臭氧化能够降低大约水样的一半卤代潜力。 相似文献
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分析了中国2座沿海城市(S市和L市)自来水管网中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的赋存状态,对检出的VOCs进行了健康风险评价,并探讨了检出VOCs在城市自来水管网中的分布规律.在本文选取的47种VOCs目标化合物中,所研究的2座城市自来水管网中共检出16种VOCs,在2市共同检出的VOCs为11种,以卤代烃类化合物为主,其中又以三卤甲烷类VOCs(一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷和三溴甲烷)的检出率最高(92%~100%).在浓度水平上,除一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷外,其他检出VOCs在2市自来水管网中的最大浓度均未超过我国《生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006)》中相关化合物的限值.一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷在2座城市自来水管网中不仅浓度水平超标(限值分别为60μg·L-1和100μg·L-1),而且其致癌风险值(LCR)也处于不可接受的水平(10-4),二者应当被给予足够的重视或被列为2市自来水管网中优先控制的污染物.此外,本研究还选择了8种检出率大于90%的VOCs,探讨了它们在S市自来水管网中的空间分布规律,结果表明,所研究的VOCs(除甲苯外)在该市自来水管网中的浓度都随管网输送距离的增加而逐渐降低. 相似文献
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水源中的腐殖酸等有机物在氯消毒过程中通常会与消毒剂发生反应生成三卤甲烷,且饮用水中卤代烷含量往往高于水源水,包括三氯甲烷(TCM)、一溴二氯甲烷(DCBM)、二溴一氯甲烷(DBCM)以及溴仿(TBM)等,以三氯甲烷为主.三卤甲烷(THMs)已被证实与动物体的癌症、畸形及遗传病密切相关.文章主要从三卤甲烷的生成特性与机理、影响因素及其去除控制技术等几方面对国内外有关研究进行具体综述和介绍,为今后更深入地研究THMs的生成机理及其前体有机物来源提供理论依据,以便寻求更经济实用、切实可行的控制与去除THMs的新技术,同时也应加强THMs暴露的健康风险等方面的评价. 相似文献
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我国北方城市污水处理厂二级处理出水的水质特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
将生活污水二级处理出水分离为悬浮态、近胶体态和溶解态物质,并分别进行了分析.结果表明,溶解态COD占二级出水总COD的78.2%~86.5%,而悬浮态COD仅占10.1%~17.0%,近胶体态COD最高占4.8%;溶解态TOC占二级出水总TOC的82.6%~86.6%;悬浮物中有机组分占物质总量的75.54%~89.93%;二级出水中80%的颗粒分布在2.00~6.84 μm之间;二级出水的可生化性较差:BOD5/COD为0.195~0.283, BDOC/DOC为0.156~0.26.溶解性有机物和悬浮性有机物的GC/MS分析表明,具有环状结构的化合物分别占各自总化合物的58%和35%.分析认为,二级出水中大多为难降解有机物,可生化性很差,要实现较高的去除效率,必须首先改善其可生化性,才能充分发挥后续生化工艺净化有机物的潜力. 相似文献
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The waterquality of the downstream of Nanfei River and the northwest area of Lake Chao is evaluated from organic analysis aspect. PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene are detected in the waters collected from downstream river and river mouth. More phenolic compounds are found in the river water. Some halogenated hydrocarbons are present in the river and lake waters. A great many of aliphatic hydrocarbons and benzene hydrocarbons found in all the water samples are about one third of the total organics detected. The hydrophobic components are found to be present not only in water but also in suspended sediment. The ratio of the amount existing is 0.4 in sediment and 1 in particle-free water. The quantity of humic materials existing in lake water is larger than that in river water. The proportion of the humic materials in lake water to that in river water is 1.9 to 1. In the lake water, some natural substances, such as dimethyl disulfide, alpha-pinene, azulene, and 6- methyl -2-heptanone are observed. 相似文献
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焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O系统各段的降解与转化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在厌氧酸化-缺氧-好氧(A1-A2-O)生物膜系统小试装置中处理焦化废水,以探讨有机物在各阶段的降解与转化情况。通过UV吸收光谱及GC/MS分析发现,上海焦化厂废水中的有机组分主要为:甲酚、苯酚、二甲酚等酚类化合物,及以喹啉、吲哚为代表的含氮杂环化合物,约占有机物总量的90%。经A1-A2-O生物膜系统处理后,大部分有毒有害难降解有机物得到了降解和转化。厌氧段中原有物质浓度的增加和新物质的生成,是厌氧酸化使部分有机物降解产生中间产物而造成;缺氧段使大部分有机物被完全降解或转化,还产生一些新的简单有机物,如卤代烃、酯类、醛类等;经好氧段反应后,有机物进一步降解和转化,部分被完全去除,在降解转化过程中又产生了一些中间产物和衍生物,如苯酚、羟基喹啉等。 相似文献
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The migration and transformation of dissolved organic matter during the freezing processes of water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigated the partitioning behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in liquid and ice phases, as well as the changes in the optical properties and chlorine reactivity of DOM during the freezing processes of water. DOM was rejected from the ice phase and accumulated in the remaining liquid phase during water freezing. Moreover, the decrease in freezing temperature, as well as the increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of feed water, caused an increase in DOM captured in the ice phase. The ultraviolet-absorbing compounds, trihalomethane precursors, as well as fulvic acid- and humic acid-like fluorescent materials, were more liable to be to be rejected from the ice phase and were more easily retained in the unfrozen liquid phase during water freezing, as compared with organics (on average) that comprise DOC. In addition, it was also found a higher accumulation of these organics in the unfrozen liquid phase during water freezing at higher temperature. The freeze/thaw processes altered the quantity, optical properties, and chlorine reactivity of DOM. The decrease in ultraviolet light at 254 nm as well as the production of aromatic protein- and soluble microbial byproduct-like fluorescent materials in DOM due to freeze/thaw were consistently observed. On the other hand, the changes in DOC, trihalomethane formation potential, and fulvic acid- and humic acid-like fluorescence caused by freeze/thaw varied significantly between samples. 相似文献
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Shuang Xue Yang Wen Xiujuan Hui Lina Zhang Zhaohong Zhang Jie Wang Ying Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,(1):168-178
This study investigated the partitioning behavior of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in liquid and ice phases, as well as the changes in the optical properties and chlorine reactivity of DOM during the freezing processes of water. DOM was rejected from the ice phase and accumulated in the remaining liquid phase during water freezing. Moreover, the decrease in freezing temperature, as well as the increase in dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentration of feed water, caused an increase in DOM captured in the ice phase. The ultraviolet-absorbing compounds, trihalomethane precursors, as well as fulvic acid- and humic acid-like fluorescent materials, were more liable to be to be rejected from the ice phase and were more easily retained in the unfrozen liquid phase during water freezing, as compared with organics(on average) that comprise DOC. In addition, it was also found a higher accumulation of these organics in the unfrozen liquid phase during water freezing at higher temperature. The freeze/thaw processes altered the quantity, optical properties, and chlorine reactivity of DOM. The decrease in ultraviolet light at 254 nm as well as the production of aromatic protein- and soluble microbial byproduct-like fluorescent materials in DOM due to freeze/thaw were consistently observed. On the other hand, the changes in DOC, trihalomethane formation potential, and fulvic acid- and humic acid-like fluorescence caused by freeze/thaw varied significantly between samples. 相似文献
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为探究鲁南地区大气中VOCs污染情况及二次生成转化特征,采用PTR-ToF-MS (质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪)对鲁南某城市下辖6个行政区初夏(2021年5月19—27日)大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行走航观测,研究该城市不同区域的VOCs浓度水平、组成特征以及对臭氧和SOA的生成贡献. 结果表明:①该市大气VOCs平均浓度为190.96 μg/m3,主要由含氧化合物、烃类、卤代烃、苯系物和含硫化合物组成,其中对VOCs组成贡献最大的物种包括乙酸乙烯酯、丙醛、环己酮、戊烯等. ②含氧化合物和烃类是该城市(除A区外)最主要的臭氧前体有机物,对OFP的贡献率分别达50%和40%. ③除甲苯是C区SOAFP (二次有机气溶胶生成潜势)贡献最大的VOCs物种外,二甲苯是其他各区SOAFP贡献最大的VOCs物种,贡献率在30%以上. ④因存在较多大型化工企业,A区与其他区大气VOCs组成差异较大,乙酸乙烯酯和二甲苯是其VOCs主要组分,苯系物、含氧有机物、卤代烃和烃类等四类物种OFP贡献相当,均约占25%;A区大气中VOCs的SOAFP较高,约是其他区的1.5~2.0倍. ⑤通过特征物种比值及走航观测分析发现,A区大气VOCs主要来源于溶剂挥发及燃烧过程,C区VOCs主要源于交通,其他区VOCs主要源于燃烧及工业生产过程;同时,食物加工过程(如油烟)排放也是该市大气VOCs的重要来源. 研究显示,降低大气中含氧有机物、烃类、苯系物浓度是控制该市大气臭氧、二次有机气溶胶生成的有效途径. 相似文献
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腐殖酸在氯离子体系中的电解氧化特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过小型实验对腐殖酸模拟废水进行了电解氧化处理,考察了阳极材料、氯离子初始浓度对腐殖酸电解氧化处理效果的影响,探讨了腐殖酸在电解处理过程中分子量分布的变化及电解产生的低分子量产物组成.研究结果表明,PbO2阳极的电解处理效果比 Ru-Ir/Ti阳极的处理效果好,当废水在氯离子体系中电解时.可缩小2种阳极对CODCr去除效果的差距;电解后溶液中溶解性有机物的分子量分布向小分子量方向转变;当溶液中有氯离子存在时,电解过程产生的 ClO-的间接氧化作用可有效地将大分子有机物降解为小分子有机物.腐殖酸在氯离子体系中电解生成的低分子量化合物主要有 CO2、氯仿、乙酸、苯酚、苯乙醇、2H-1,4 氯苯基双氮杂卓-2-1,1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-萘酚、3-(3-羧基-4-羟基-5-硝基酚)-D-丙氨酸等. 相似文献
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