Environmental management in the Brazilian non-metallic small-scale mining sector

Non-metallic mineral resources, albeit very important to meet the needs of the Brazilian population and for exportation, are ill-favored by governments and ignored by the public. Most of this mining is performed by small-scale companies and informal operations that cause extensive and widespread environmental damages. In addition to examining the current state of the industry and its environmental impacts, this paper outlines a series of initiatives for improving (environmental) performance. The suggestions made include improved coordination among public entities responsible for the control of the mining sector; the undertaking of environmental management and reclamation initiatives; research and diffusion of mining and environmental technology; the development and implementation of appropriate licensing procedures for small-scale mines; and the reviewing of environmental impact evaluation and enforcement procedures, and improved regional planning. It is concluded, however, that the proposals will only become a reality if the necessary political actions are taken, and are supported by adequate financing and technical assistance.     

Environmental management and life cycle approaches in the Mexican mining industry

Mexico ranks among the 11 major producer countries of minerals worldwide; its open pit and underground systems are 500 years old. This paper presents an overview of the Mexican mining industry from technological development, historical and economic perspectives. The efforts made by mining companies to address issues of environmental management and sustainable development expressed in national and international frameworks, as well as the Mexican environmental regulatory framework for the mining sector, are analyzed. Since, among others, life cycle assessment (LCA) has been recognized as a key topic to promote sustainable development in the Latin American and Caribbean region, this paper also examines the application of LCA in mining. Two life cycle approaches are presented: a national life cycle inventory for base metals, and an integral life cycle model for the management of mining processes.     

Environmental status and management in Chiba Prefecture

Chiba Prefecture is located in the east of Tokyo Metropolis. A large scale development of industrial and residential areas began in the late 1950s until then the main industries of the prefecture were agriculture and fisheries. During the past 30 years rapid industrialization and urbanization took place resulting in occurrence of various environmental problems.In an attempt to establish a better environment condition towards 21st century Chiba Prefecture has made Environmental Plan which all the municipal governments, enterprises and inhabitants should observe to realize better environment.     

International guidelines on mercury management in small-scale gold mining

This article reports on a stakeholder engagement process to develop the International Guidelines on Mercury Management in Small-Scale Gold Mining. Commissioned by the United Nations Global Mercury Project, the purpose of the guidelines is to assist policymakers, practitioners, researchers, miners and the public in developing strategies for reducing mercury use, eliminating major pollution point sources and reducing risks. The guidelines are proposed with the view of supporting miners and their communities by promoting safer, more efficient practices that improve environmental and human health. The paper discusses challenges in addressing mercury issues and technical measures in the guidelines. The paper also highlights the need for interactive engagement in communities to discuss and adapt the guidelines as appropriate, in order to create technology transfer strategies, regulatory measures and strategic priorities that are suitable to the local context.     

云南某一矿产资源开发利用的环境辐射影响研究

为了解云南西南部一锗矿开采和冶炼对环境的辐射影响,在矿区及其外围环境开展了航空和地面联合调查测量,在重点地区和热点区域开展详细调查.研究结果显示,原矿石、冶炼废渣放射性活度大于1Bq/g,中间产品核素活度达到10⁴Bq/kg;企业排放废水总α>1Bq/L,总β>1Bq/L.矿产开发利用对周围环境影响明显,局部区域受污染农田土壤、地表水系局部地段放射性水平明显高于正常背景值,在受污染区域生长的农作物放射性水平较高.室内氡浓度年平均值与全国水平比较总体上明显偏高,且研究区域居民受照剂量高于全国平均水平.     

Indian small-scale mining with special emphasis on environmental management

Although small-scale mining provides a wealth of socioeconomic benefits to the rural inhabitants of developing countries, there is often total disregard for the environment industry-wide. This paper focuses upon some of the key environmental issues in the Indian small-scale mining industry. The geo-environmental factors constraining the mining of the Himalayan limestone, magnetite, phosphate, and polymetallic sulphur ore deposits are discussed, and the environmental impacts of small-scale operations working prospective deposits are detailed. The paper further examines the schematics of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) adopted for small-scale mines in India. It is concluded, however, that widespread environmental improvement can only be achieved industry-wide if additional mining cooperatives are formed, and the Indian Government, through their Department of Environment, oversees the implementation of effective mitigation practices for small scale-mines, particularly at the university level.     

从一起典型的环保投诉案件看环境管理

从一起典型的环保投诉案例说起,运用全过程分析方法对建设项目的前期审批、环境监理、试生产、“三同时”验收,以及日常环境监督、检查等方面进行分析和讨论,剖析该案件在环境管理和监督中存在的问题,提出该投诉案件的处理建议,为今后环境管理部门在处理环保投诉案件和防止此类事情的进一步发生提供参考和借鉴。     

浅谈化学污染事故环境风险管理

通过了解国内外化学污染事故的现状,分析了化学污染事故的严重性及其特征,结合我国现有的环境风险管理状况,探讨了化学污染事故环境风险管理的途径。     

小型企业的废弃物管理问题

中、小型企业缺乏有关企业社会责任活动的参与。尽管单独的中、小型企业对环境的影响不大,但中、小型企业集合起来对环境的影响还是很明显的。企业所有者-管理者的管理方式和道德观念会影响到企业的决策。因此,会对企业的环境行为有直接的影响。虽然,倡导利用环境保护建立企业竞争优势,但许多企业的实施成本是不可能转移给消费者的。本文简要的综述了有关文献后,报告了对这一问题的探索性调查,结果表明无论小企业的管理者怎样表达出对环境问题的关心,都不能转化为较好的废弃物管理。     

我国电镀行业危险废物环境管理对策

本文系统研究分析了我国电镀行业危险废物产生、利用处置现状及主流的电镀污泥利用处置技术,从技术和管理角度探讨了电镀行业危险废物管理存在的堵点和盲点。2017年我国电镀行业共产生226万吨电镀污泥,除黑龙江和天津外,其他各省区市电镀行业危险废物利用处置能力充足。针对电镀行业危险废物管理存在的问题,提出了加强对非法转移倾倒行为的打击力度、建立产生者责任延伸制、鼓励电镀行业危险废物源头减量、推进危险废物精细化以及物联网智能化过程管控、完善危险废物利用处置标准体系等政策建议。     

中小型除尘企业：小船出海亦有招

借势国家转变经济发展方式与环保政策、法律法规的贯彻落实，除尘器产业获得了空前的市场发展，并预期在“十一五”以及未来会有更大作为。随着除尘产业市场空间不断被开拓出来，在钢铁、水泥等多个行业的影响越来越大，从传统客户的技术改造到新增用户的全新配备，产业市场的经济总量不断提高，涉及主机产品、设备配件、辅料、工程技改、工程服务等多个产业界面。     

我省辐射环境管理工作任重道远

辐射环境保护工作内容多、任务重、难度大。该文简述了陕西省辐射环境保护工作中的一些具体做法，提出了一个亟等理顺管理体系的紧迫问题。     

Corporate environmental management and regulation of mining operations in the Cyclades,Greece

The mining industry plays an important role in the local economy in many islands of the Cyclades, contributing significantly to overall growth. However, it has simultaneously caused many environmental problems and has had adverse impacts upon other important economic activities, such as tourism. As a result, questions have been raised as to whether mining should be allowed to continue. This paper assesses the mining operations of the Cyclades, examining the corporate environmental management of mining companies and the process of granting permission for mining operations. Specifically, the regulatory and environmental problems of mining operations are assessed, and the process of obtaining a ‘social licence to operate’ is explored. A number of recommendations are made in order to overcome regulatory inefficiencies and promote corporate environmental management in the mining sector of the Cyclades.     

地理信息系统及其在上海环境管理中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)在众多领域中已成为一个独立发展的新的前沿领域。上海于80年代末开始着手在环境保护与管理中开展了环境地理信息系统方面的应用研究,并建立《上海市环境地理信息系统》等几个不同层次与专题的环境管理与辅助决策信息系统。本文分析了上海环保局系统所建立的2个信息系统的技术特征,并对建立环境信息系统的一些问题进行了探讨。      

Environmental management accounting as a reflexive modernization strategy in cleaner production

Understanding the material purchase value of wastes and emissions and related processing costs is the essential contribution of an Environmental Management Accounting methodology proposed by a United Nations expert working group organised through the Division for Sustainable Development (UNDSD). Tracing costs and benefits according to this UNDSD methodology, considered as a “reflexive” modernization strategy in this article, sheds new light on cleaner production initiatives for corporate sustainability. Information on the first category of costs, waste and emission treatment, is generally the most accurate. Information on the second category, prevention and environmental management costs, is more difficult to determine because this category overlaps with, or is confused with, the first category of costs. Data for the two novel and innovative cost categories of the material purchase value of waste and emissions and related processing costs are even harder to obtain. Frequently, the costs are either hidden in overhead accounts or are not recorded because they are not required in conventional accounting systems. The outcome is that companies, even though they may profess otherwise, have very little knowledge about their full environmental costs, cost saving opportunities, or how best to achieve cleaner production initiatives to promote corporate sustainability. A more systematic application of the UNDSD EMA methodology would provide a better record of costs and act as a catalyst in promoting cleaner production processes. This application inevitably requires “reflexive institutions” including “reflexive corporations”, that is, corporations with the capacity to examine the side effects of their operations as modernization rebounds upon them.     

Environmental management accounting (EMA) as the next step in the evolution of management accounting

Why should organizations and accountants care about environmental issues? Environmental performance and disclosure pressures from the supply chain, finance providers, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders result in ever-increasing environment-related costs for organizations, but there is also an increasing recognition of the potential monetary benefits of improved environmental performance. There is also growing consensus that traditional accounting practices do not adequately provide the information required for environmental management and the strategic decisions related to it.Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) has been promoted by the Working Group on EMA of the United Nations Division for Sustainable Development UN DSD EMA WG and the publications commissioned by it [UNDESA/DSD, 2001. United Nations Division for Sustainable Development. Environmental Management Accounting, Procedures and Principles. United Nations Publications, New York/Geneva, http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/technology/estema1.htm; UNDESA/DSD, 2002. United Nations Division for Sustainable Development. Environmental Management Accounting: Policies and Linkages. United Nations Publications, New York/Geneva, http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/technology/estema1.htm]. Recently, IFAC has published a guidance document on EMA [International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), 2005. International Guidance Document of EMA. IFAC, New York, http://www.ifac.org] that will further promote its application among accountants.This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production on EMA focuses on this methodological background as well as upon experiences from case studies from Australia, Austria, Argentina, Canada, Japan and Lithuania.     

库尔勒－鄯善输油管道工程环境风险分析与管理

管道环境风险分析与管理是预防管道泄漏事故发生的一个重要途径。利用遥感图像目视解译与实地勘察相结合的方法,对库尔勒－鄯善原油输送管道工程沿线进行环境风险因素识别;利用类比、模拟方法进行环境风险的统计分析及管线原油泄漏事故对环境的影响预测;进行环境风险的定性分析和用事故树分析方法的半定量评价;得出分段管道环境风险的相对排序;提出针对该管线环境风险管理的措施和对策。