SBR/混凝协同工艺处理城市污水的效果

将无机混凝剂直接投加到SBR反应器中,组成SBR/混凝协同工艺对城市污水进行处理研究.考察了混凝剂的投加量、混凝剂的种类、投药时间等因素对污水处理效果的影响,探讨了新型复合混凝剂(PISC)对污泥膨胀的抑制作用.实验结果表明,与普通的序列间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)相比,当采用新型复合混凝剂与SBR组成的协同工艺处理城市污水时,在适宜的条件下,不仅污水中的CODCr、TP和sS的去除率可分别提高13.5%、47.6%和11.5%,水力停留时间缩短1/3左右,而且该协同工艺可明显抑制污泥膨胀,并改善高膨胀活性污泥的沉降浓缩性能.     

SBR 高效菌种处理采油废水

为使油田采油废水达到排放要求,本实验选定并研究了在投加高效菌种状态下的SBR处理技术。实验证明高效菌种与活性污泥系统结合能够取得更好的处理效果,减少了反应所需时间,提高处理效率。通过对不同周期的考察,取得投菌状态下SBR法最佳实验周期为6h。     

硝基苯降解菌在厌氧序批式反应器中处理硝基苯废水的应用

通过接种硝基苯降解菌于厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR），研究静态试验条件下和厌氧序批式工艺对硝基苯的降解规律，研究表明，应用生物强化技术处理硝基苯废水，具有很高的处理效率。     

投菌强化序批式反应器(SBR)脱氮除磷效果及微生物种属分析

为揭示投加具有反硝化聚磷能力的恶臭假单胞菌(B8)强化序批式反应器(SBR)除污特性和微生物种属,将B8菌液和干粉菌剂分别引入SBR,构成液态型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统A和干粉型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统B,以不接菌的SBR污水处理系统C为对照,分别考察了在厌氧-缺氧条件下运行的各反应器除污效果.结果表明,各SBR(A、B、C)对COD去除率均达到90%以上;第49—77天时A系统、B系统和C系统NO-3平均去除率分别为61.62%、68.58%和26.72%;第62—77天时A系统、B系统和C系统TP平均去除率分别为53.66%、55.45%和46.61%;投菌强化系统在缺氧段对TP降解过程符合一阶指数衰减动力学模式,在第71天时,A号吸磷动力学系数KP为1.2584,B号吸磷动力学系数KP为2.0379;对SBR内活性污泥菌种16S r DNA测序及Gen Bank BLAST,A系统和B系统中占优势菌种依次是溶血不动杆菌、恶臭假单胞菌和粪产碱菌,而未投菌C系统占优势菌类依次是溶血不动杆菌、粪产碱菌和产碱假单胞菌,表明投加的B8菌在液态型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统和干粉型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统内得到生长富集,从而成为优势菌群.     

MAP法和SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

氨氮浓度为2570.45mg·l-1的垃圾渗滤液经磷酸铵镁沉淀法处理后的处理出水中TN约为79.35mg·l-1,TP约为10.35mg·l-1,电导率约为78000μS·cm-1.研究用SBR法进一步处理处理出水的可行性.用常规的活性污泥,探讨了污水的含盐量和系统运行周期对TN,TP和COD去除率的影响.结果表明,当垃圾渗滤液处理出水和生活污水以1: 4混合后,TN约为48.0mg·l-1,TP约为6.0mg·l-1,COD约为1150.0mg·l-1,电导率略为15000μS·cm-1.运行的适宜周期为12h(其中厌氧2.0h,好氧5.0h,缺氧3.5h,后耗氧0.5h,沉淀排水和闲置1.0h).在此条件下,出水TN小于15 mg·l-1,TP小于1.0mg·l-1,COD约为110mg·l-1.TN,TP和COD去除率分别约为77%,87%和90%.     

序批式活性污泥(SBR)转移工艺的除磷机制

以城市污水为水源,进行了污泥转移SBR工艺的除磷机制研究.实验结果表明,通过污泥转移方式实现在生物选择器中强化对聚磷菌的筛选,从而显著提升了传统SBR工艺的除磷性能.污泥转移量对系统释磷性能影响显著,污泥转移量为30%条件下活性污泥PHB(poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid)含量达到细胞干重的24.3%,生物选择器中厌氧释磷与污泥中PHB合成呈现良好的正相关性.污泥转移量分别为15%、30%和40%下生物选择器中的平均释磷速率分别为7.00、11.17、8.83 mg TP·(g MLSS·h)-1.通过物料衡算表明,系统中传统PAO除磷机制起主要作用,并存在较弱的反硝化除磷过程.在污泥转移量30%、泥龄10 d条件下,传统PAO(Phosphorus accumulating organisms)代谢模式除磷量占76.81%,同化除磷量占15.43%,反硝化除磷量占7.76%.     

厌氧生物滤池-好氧生物炭滤池联合处理生活污水

在春季低温条件下,利用厌氧生物滤池、好氧生物炭滤池处理生活污水,比较两者的性能,探讨低成本处理生活污水的方法.结果表明,厌氧生物滤池停留时间为14h,COD的去除率可达83%;在滤速为0.4-1.2m·h-1范围内,好氧生物炭滤池的TOC去除率高于厌氧生物滤池, TN去除率低于厌氧生物滤池.     

常温SBR厌氧-好氧反应器的短程硝化

短程硝化-反硝化是污水节能脱氮新技术之一,其关键在于实现短程硝化,而水温是控制短程硝化的主要因素。在生活污水氨氮浓度小于100mg/L的水质条件下,采用SBR厌氧-好氧反应器进行了常温短程硝化试验研究。研究结果表明,水温14．5℃～16．5℃的条件下,在好氧段可以实现短程硝化,亚硝化率达到了94．9%。亚硝化的程度还与曝气时间的长短有关,曝气时间短时,可以将氨氧化控制在亚硝化阶段,积累大量的亚硝酸盐,但是氨转化率比较低;曝气时间延长,氨氮去除率增加,同时部分亚硝酸氮会被进一步氧化成硝酸氮。该研究结果打破了只有在中高温条件下才能实现短程硝化的普遍看法,从而为在常温下实现短程硝化提供了新的依据。     

氯代芳香族化合物高效降解菌的驯化与筛选

为了筛选除解造纸废水中的氯代芳香族化合物的高效降解菌株,选用了造纸废水SBR处理系统的活性污泥作为菌源,采用平板分离池分离出18种菌株,并从中选出生长势态良好的11种,通过对废水中CODCr,TCl的降解效果试验,确定出以M3＋M8为组合的优势混合菌。     

污泥转移序批式间歇活性污泥法(SBR)工艺除磷特性

污泥转移序批式间歇活性污泥法(SBR)工艺是由连续运行的生物选择器和数个并联的SBR主反应器构成的,通过污泥回流的方式提高了SBR反应阶段的活性污泥量并削减了沉淀阶段的污泥总量,从而强化其除污能力,并提高其容积利用率.新工艺处理城市生活污水的试验结果表明,污泥转移量对系统除磷影响显著;当污泥转移量为0、15%和30%时系统出水总磷的平均去除率分别为16.5%、74%和93%;生物选择器中厌氧释磷量与污泥中PHB(聚-β-羟基丁酸)含量呈现良好的正相关性.在适宜的运行模式下,SBR充水比45%、污泥龄10 d、污泥转移量30%,系统对总磷的平均去除率能达到93%以上,出水总磷浓度可控制在0.30 mg.L-1以下,且其它出水各项水质指标均能达到国家排放标准的要求.     

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

The characteristic of phosphorus removal and appropriate change of the traditional operation modes were investigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domestic wastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18), providing theoretical basis for actual application of wastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with its unique operation mode had the distinct superiority of phosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect of volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method of influent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied. When the carbon source became the limiting factor to phosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower the phosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three different influent patterns, including one-time filling, four-time filling, and continuous filling with the same quantity of wastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobic phosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)^-1. Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes could optimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When the feed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27% clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be used adequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal was carried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with low C/N and C/P ratios.     

移动床生物膜反应器在污水处理中的应用研究

应用好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水,厌氧复合生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水,厌氧－好氧移动床生物膜工艺处理食品废水的试验均取得良好的效果。试验结果表明,该工艺具有处理效率高,出水水质稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,占地少,结构紧凑,维护管理简单的特点。     

二级SBR法处理高浓度氨氮化工废水研究

用直接活性污泥法完成了各反应器的污泥驯化启动。二级ＳＢＲ工艺主要由硝化ＳＢＲ和反硝化ＳＢＲ反应器构成,其中硝化ＳＢＲ反应器采用悬浮生长法和固定生物膜法两种工艺作对比试验。结果表明,后者较前者具有更大的ＮＨ３－Ｎ容积负荷,最大可达７６６．５４ｍｇＬ＾－１ｄ＾－１;而且能节省碱的消耗量１１．０％～３８．７％和反硝化所需碳源量为３０％～４０％。在ｔＨＲ为２４ｈ的条件下,二级ＳＢＲ法能处理ρＩｎ（ＮＨ３－     

Control of sludge settleability and nitrogen removal under low dissolved oxygen condition

Low dissolved oxygen (DO) is an energy-saving condition in activated sludge process. To investigate the possible application of limited filamentous bulking (LFB) in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), two lab-scale SBRs were used to treat synthetic domestic wastewater and real municipal wastewater, respectively. The results showed that prolonging low DO aeration duration and setting pre-anoxic (anaerobic) phase were effective strategies to induce and inhibit filamentous sludge bulking, respectively. According to the sludge settleability, LFB could be maintained steadily by adjusting operation patterns. Filamentous bacteria content and sludge volume index (SVI) were likely correlated. SVI fluctuated dramatically within a few cycles when around 200 mL·g^-1, where altering operation pattern could change sludge settleability in spite of the unstable status of activated sludge system. Energy consumption by aeration reduced under low DO LFB condition, whereas the nitrification performance deteriorated. However, short-cut nitrification and simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) were prone to take place under such conditions. When the cycle time kept constant, the anoxic (anaerobic) to aerobic time ratio was determining factor to the SND efficiency. Similarity keeping aerobic time as constant, the variation trends of SND efficiency and specific SND rate were uniform. SBR is a promising reactor to apply the LFB process in practice.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal.     

Biological removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions

Removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge was examined. Sequencing batch reactor was operated under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions. Above 97% removal of soluble selenium (Se) was achieved continuously. Major Se removal mechanism varied depending on the length of aeration period. Various Se-reducing bacteria likely contributed to coordinately to Se removal. Selenium (Se)-containing industrial wastewater is often coupled with notable salinity. However, limited studies have examined biological treatment of Se-containing wastewater under high salinity conditions. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with activated sludge was applied to treat selenate in synthetic saline wastewater (3% w/v NaCl) supplemented with lactate as the carbon source. Start-up of the SBR was performed with addition of 1–5 mM of selenate under oxygen-limiting conditions, which succeeded in removing more than 99% of the soluble Se. Then, the treatment of 1 mM Se with cycle duration of 3 days was carried out under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions by adding aeration period after oxygen-limiting period. Although the SBR maintained soluble Se removal of above 97%, considerable amount of solid Se remained in the effluent as suspended solids and total Se removal fluctuated between about 40 and 80%. Surprisingly, the mass balance calculation found a considerable decrease of Se accumulated in the SBR when the aeration period was prolonged to 7 h, indicating very efficient Se biovolatilization. Furthermore, microbial community analysis suggested that various Se-reducing bacteria coordinately contributed to the removal of Se in the SBR and main contributors varied depending on the operational conditions. This study will offer implications for practical biological treatment of selenium in saline wastewater.     

生物脱氮处理过程中氮素转化规律的研究

以肉类加工废水为研究对象,采用ABR-改进型SBR组合工艺分析其脱氮处理过程中的氮素转化规律,确定ABR最佳水力停留时间为6-8h,氨氮增长速率在90%-196%及SBR最佳运行工况.     

Innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifers for the application of wastewater biological treatment

• An innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifer fed on flour was proposed. • Rotifer fed on flour grew faster than that fed on bacteria or Chlorella vulgaris. • The optimum mass culture conditions for rotifer fed on flour were investigated. • The cultured rotifer could improve sludge settleability in the SBR. This study aims to establish a simple and efficient method for the mass culture of bdelloid rotifers, which is the basis for the application of bdelloid rotifers as biological manipulators to improve wastewater biological treatment performance. A common bdelloid rotifer, Habrotrocha sp., in a wastewater biological treatment system was selected as the culture target. Rotifers fed on flour could reproduce faster than those fed traditional food such as Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria. As a rotifer food, flour has the advantages of simple preparation, effortless preservation, and low cost compared to live Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria, so it is more suitable for the mass culture of rotifers. The optimal rotifer culture conditions using flour as food were also studied. According to the experimental results, the recommended rotifer culture conditions are a flour particle size of 1 μm, a flour concentration of 6 × 10⁶ cell/mL, a temperature of 28℃, a pH level of 6.5 and salinity of 100–500 mg/L. In addition, the sludge volume index in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with the addition of cultured rotifers was 59.9 mL/g at the end of operation and decreased by 18.2% compared to SBR without rotifer, which indicates that the cultured rotifers still retained the function of helping to improve sludge settling. This function may be related to the rotifer’s role in inhibiting bacteria from producing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances in the SBR.     

Simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor

In order to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the biological treatment process, denitrifying phosphorus accumulation (DNPA) and its affecting factors were studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with synthetic wastewater. The results showed that when acetate was used as the sole carbon resource in the influent, the sludge acclimatized under anaerobic/aerobic operation had good phosphorus removal ability. Denitrifying phosphorus accumulation was observed soon when fed with nitrate instead of aeration following the anaerobic stage, which is a vital premise to DNPA. If DNPA sludge is fed with nitrate prior to the anaerobic stage, the DNPA would weaken or even disappear. At the high concentration of nitrate fed in the anoxic stage, the longer anoxic time needed, the better the DNPA was. Induced DNPA did not disappear even though an aerobic stage followed the anoxic stage, but the shorter the aerobic stage lasted, the higher the proportions of phosphorus removal via DNPA to total removal.     

缺氧—SBR工艺处理焦化废水

对焦化废水进行曝气吹脱,10h氨氮去除率达73．7％,用缺氧－SBR工艺处理焦化废水,进水浓度为COD1474mg/L,NH3-N826.8mg/L时,缺氧SRT10h,SBR曝气10h,沉降2h,出水COD186mg/L,NH3-N290.5mg/L,去除率分别达到87．83％,64．9％。