浙江省环保重点城市SO 2 排放的控制模式

通过分析城市SO2 地面浓度来源 ,运用高、中、低架源对地面污染物浓度贡献的理论及高斯烟羽模式推出SO2空气质量管理模式 ,确定了城市SO2 地面环境质量的控制目标。     

浙江省环保重点城市CO2排放的控制模式

通过分析城市ＳＯ２地面浓度来源,运用高、中、低架源对地面污染物浓度贡献的理论及高斯烟羽模式推出ＳＯ２空气质量管理模式,确定了城市ＳＯ２地面环境质量的控制目标。     

大气环境影响预测模式应用的几个问题

将当前大气环境影响预测模式应用中，对颗粒污染物地面浓度模式修正，气态污染物地面最大浓度模式选用和求长方法，静风条件下地面浓度模式及其参数选择等方面容易出现疏忽或失误的问题提出了来讨论，并提出了正确的应用方法。     

利用Triolein-半渗透膜采样技术测定淮河水中的有毒有机污染物

利用 Triolein 半渗透膜采样技术 ( Triolein SPMD)采集了淮河信阳、淮南断面水样 ,测定了采样器中多氯联苯、多环芳烃、取代苯等有毒有机污染物浓度。污染物在 SPMD酯中高浓度富集 ,使其定性和定量更加容易和准确。根据SPMD酯 水分配平衡理论 ,进一步估算得到目标污染物在水中的平均浓度。本研究证明 Triolein SPMD技术可用于水中多氯联苯、多环芳烃、取代苯等污染物的采集和定量分析 ,可在我国的优先污染物监测、控制工作中发挥作用。     

长江三角洲地区低层大气污染物O3、NOx、SO2的数值模拟

通过对比分析发现,2007年客观源清单比2001年初始源清单能够更好地反映当前长江三角洲地区的大气污染物源排放情况.基于客观源清单,利用第三代空气质量模式(Models-3/CMAQ)较好地模拟出长三角地区近地层大气浓度的日变化和空间分布,模拟结果表明,NOx与O3在空间分布上并不一致,两者之间存在非线性关系,NO2与...     

青岛市港口船舶大气污染排放清单的建立及应用

2002~2006年青岛市环保局与瑞典国际开发合作署合作开发了青岛市空气环境质量管理系统,建立青岛市海上交通源大气污染排放清单是其中的一项子专题,范围涉及青岛沿岸分布的港口,重点考虑船舶停泊港口及航线过程的大气污染物排放,划分了20条航线。建立的青岛市海上交通源大气污染排放清单在开发的基于GIS地理信息系统EnviMan复合源大气扩散模型中得到较好应用,实现了对沿海主要大气污染物排放量的空间模拟测算,解析出大气污染排放清单建立年度青岛市港口、航运排放的大气污染物对市区环境空气中的SO₂、NO_X浓度贡献分别约占8.0%、12.9%。     

长三角城市群污染输送相互影响的敏感性试验

利用WRF-Chem模式,对2013年11月29日至12月11日长江三角洲地区的严重空气污染事件进行数值模拟,研究长三角核心区不同污染物本地源和外来输送所占比重。分析长三角核心区排放源对本地不同污染物浓度的污染贡献。结果表明,在2013年12月的这一次污染事件中,颗粒物平均本地贡献与外来输送基本比重相当;而SO_2、CO、NH_3、NO_x这4种气体污染物则以本地贡献为主,本地贡献的差异与气体的化学反应活性有关,活性越强本地贡献比重越大。污染过程中12月7日至12月9日00:00为污染最严重的时段,污染物的本地贡献有明显上升。区域间输送的方向和强度与地面风向、风速有紧密的联系。在边界层高度范围内,大部分污染物越往高空本地排放源的贡献越弱,外来输送主导作用增强,而硝酸盐在地面、1 km和1.5 km的本地贡献差异远小于其他污染物。     

百色市冬季PM2.5传输路径及来源分析

通过采用后向轨迹结合聚类分析方法计算2015—2016年百色市PM2.5潜在源贡献因子(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(CWT),分析影响该市冬季PM2.5质量浓度的潜在源区,并探讨不同源区对PM2.5的贡献率。同时,使用CAMx模式模拟百色市各县区及周边区域对该市大气传输的影响。结果表明,影响百色市PM2.5浓度潜在源主要集中在该市和临近的河池、南宁、崇左,以及北部的贵州省;CAMx模式模拟对百色市冬季大气污染物传输的地区来源与该市大气污染物的PSCF分析和CWT分析权重较大的区域较为一致,这些区域对百色市PM2.5的贡献率达73%。     

丹东市二氧化硫叠加模式的研制及应用

采用《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》(GB/T 3840-1991)中的高斯模式作为大气污染物地面浓度基本公式,计算丹东市区内任一点位上的点源排放SO2在下风向网格交叉点上的叠加浓度.采用点到直线的距离公式计算垂直于平均风向的水平横向距离和下风向距离,以丹东市采暖锅炉排放SO,为例计算多点源网格落地浓度.     

多介质模型在海湾突发性有机污染中的应用及案例分析

为弥补海洋环境监测能力不足,利用受潮汐动力控制海湾中的多介质模型,预测突发性污染发生后海洋环境中污染物的浓度变化信息,并对突发性污染物的迁移转化进行了计算.模型中使用逸度方法和质量平衡算法,预测非挥发性有机物在水、沉积物和鱼中的浓度.在象山港的应用结果表明,该模型可较快速地给出污染物在不同介质中的浓度变化信息,为环境监...     

Evaluation of groundwater quality in and around Peenya industrial area of Bangalore, South India using GIS techniques

Groundwater resource forms a significant component of the urban water supply. Declining groundwater levels in Bangalore Urban District is generally due to continuous overexploitation during the last two decades or more. There is a tremendous increase in demand in the city for good quality groundwater resource. The present study monitors the groundwater quality using geographic information system (GIS) techniques for a part of Bangalore metropolis. Thematic maps for the study area are prepared by visual interpretation of SOI toposheets on 1:50,000 scale using MapInfo software. Physicochemical analysis data of the groundwater samples collected at predetermined locations form the attribute database for the study, based on which spatial distribution maps of major water quality parameters are prepared using MapInfo GIS software. Water quality index was then calculated by considering the following water quality parameters--pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate and sulphate to find the suitability of water for drinking purpose. The water quality index for these samples ranged from 49 to 502. The high value of water quality index reveals that most of the study area is highly contaminated due to excessive concentration of one or more water quality parameters and that the groundwater needs pretreatment before consumption.     

基于去耦合直接法的兰江流域地表水水质预测方法研究

针对影响因素众多、耦合机制复杂情况下的地表水污染物浓度预测问题,将河道污染物浓度的变化量表示为各种影响因子一阶偏导项和二阶偏导项的线性叠加。其中,一阶偏导项可描述影响因子变化与污染物浓度变化的直接关系,二阶偏导项可描述影响因子之间交互作用对污染物浓度变化的影响。在此基础上,提出了用以模拟地表水污染物浓度的去耦合直接法。采用2014—2016年兰江流域将军岩、低田、半潭、沈村、焦岩5个断面的水文和氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷4项污染指标逐日实测数据,通过差分法求解了一阶和二阶偏导项,并采用2017—2019年实测数据对模型进行了验证和评价。结果表明：去耦合直接法能够有效预测地表水主要污染物浓度的变化方向和变化量,且模拟结果和实测结果的符合情况较好,4项污染指标模拟值的Nash-Sutcliffe系数为0.479～0.654,模拟值与实测值的偏差为0.070～0.352;汇流区面积增加后,影响因子不确性对污染物浓度的扰动减小,污染物浓度变化的规律性增强,去耦合直接法的模拟精度升高。与SWAT模型的对比分析结果显示,在污染成因不发生显著变化的情况下,去耦合直接法的模拟精度优于SWAT模型。     

Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment of Wujiang RiverWatershed in Guizhou Province,SW China

The amount of pollution from nonpoint sources flowing in the streams of the Wujiang River watershed in Guizhou Province, SW China, is estimated by a geographic information system (GIS)-based method using rainfall, surface runoff and land use data. A grid of cells of 100 m in size is laid over the landscape. For each cell, mean annual surface runoff is estimated from rainfall and percent land use, and expected pollutant concentration is estimated from land use. The product of surface runoff and concentration gives expected pollutant loading from that cell. These loadings are accumulated going downstream to give the expected annual pollutant loadings in streams and rivers. By dividing these accumulated loadings by the similarly accumulated mean annual surface runoff, the expected pollutant concentration from nonpoint sources is determined for each location in a stream or river. Observed pollutant concentrations in the watershed are averaged at each sample point and compared to the expected concentrations at the same locations determined from the grid cell model. In general, annual nonpoint source nutrient loadings in the Wujiang River watershed are seen to be predominantly from the agricultural and meadow areas. The total annual loadings through the outlet of the watershed are 40,309 and 2,607 tons for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively.     

环渤海地区空气质量时空变化特征及动态预测

基于环渤海地区2017—2021年各城市空气质量指数(AQI)、污染物浓度与社会经济数据,利用数理统计、克里金插值法对环渤海地区AQI与污染物浓度的时空变化特征进行分析,运用皮尔逊相关性分析方法探讨AQI与污染物浓度、社会经济因素的相关关系,采用时间序列预测模型对2022年6月—2023年12月空气质量及污染物浓度进行预测。结果表明:环渤海地区AQI及污染物浓度大致呈逐年降低的趋势。AQI的逐月变化呈"W"形,O₃浓度的年内变化呈倒"V"形,其余污染物则呈现与O₃相反的变化趋势。AQI大致呈现西南高、东北低的空间分布特点,而污染物浓度分布具有明显的空间差异。环渤海地区5个代表性城市的AQI类别以良好为主,冬季首要污染物主要为PM_2.5、PM₁₀,夏季首要污染物以O₃为主。人口数量是影响AQI的主要因素,城市园林绿地面积对AQI具有一定影响。预测结果显示,未来环渤海地区AQI、主要污染物浓度(O₃除外)均呈现出随时间的推移逐渐下降的变化趋势。     

Simulation of the migration and transformation of petroleum pollutants in the soils of the Loess plateau: a case study in the Maling oil field of northwestern China

We developed a coupled water–oil simulation model to simulate the migration and transformation of petroleum-derived contaminants in the soil of the Xifeng oil field. To do so, we used the HYDRUS-2D model, which simulates the diffusion, adsorption or desorption, and microbial degradation of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in the soil–water system. The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity of petroleum-derived pollutants was 0.05 cm?day^?1, which is about 1 to 2 % of the soil moisture permeability coefficient. Our numerical simulation results show that spilled crude oil was mainly concentrated in the surface horizons of the soil. The organic pollutant concentration tended to be highest nearest to the pollution source. The pollutant migration was generally concentrated within the top 20 to 30 cm of the soil, with the maximum concentration in the top 5 cm of the soil. With passing time, the pollutant accumulation increased and the adsorption and degradation functions reached a dynamic balance with the input rate at depths greater than 30 cm below the soil surface. The oil-derived pollutants totaled 50 to 100 mg?kg^?1 under the dynamic balance condition, which occurred after 20 to 30 years. The petroleum-derived pollutant concentration in the loess soil was inversely correlated with the horizontal distance from the oil well, and the concentration decreased greatly at a distance greater than 40 m from the well.     

Evaluation of Numerical Modeling Methods for the Management of Produced Water Discharges in the Coastal Region with a Canadian Case Study

This study aims at evaluating two numerical methods for 3D simulation of marine pollutant dispersion problems: the random walk particle tracking (RWPT) method and an explicit second-order finite difference method (FDM) for assessing produced water discharges from offshore oil platform. Test cases in a steady flow field were used to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of simulating pollutant concentration profiles obtained using both the FDM and RWPT method in comparison with an analytical solution. Additionally, a field study was conducted to simulate the lead concentration distribution of produced water discharged from an oil platform off Canada’s east coast, based on the Princeton Ocean Model modeling the ocean flow in the study area with field verifications. Results indicate that, with proper configuration of grid resolution and particle resolution, both FDM and RWPT method can provide accurate results with reasonable computational costs for complex field cases. Particularly, the satisfactory 3D simulations of marine pollutant dispersion in the far field by both FDM and RWPT numerical methods enable effective assessment and management of offshore waste discharges.     

NARX神经网络模型在昆明市环境空气质量预测中的应用

神经网络模型作为一种重要的手段被广泛应用于数学计算、物理建模、水文模拟、环境预测、人工智能等研究领域。为验证神经网络模型在高原山地城市环境空气质量预测中的作用,以昆明市环境空气自动监测站气象因子和污染物浓度数据为基础,构建NARX神经网络模型,对污染物浓度进行预测。结果表明,基于NARX神经网络建立的预测模型具有很强的非线性动态描述能力,能够对环境空气6参数做出较为准确的预测,其预测浓度相对误差显著低于CMAQ、NAQPMS空气质量数值模式以及LSTM统计模型预测结果。优化后的NARX神经网络对污染物浓度变化趋势的预测较其他几个模式更为敏感。     

Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution of Groundwater in a Phreatic Aquifer in Mersin-Turkey

In this study, heavy metal contents of groundwater from the Mersin aquifer were determined with photometric methods and used to determine the main factors controlling the pollution of groundwater in the area. Using MapInfo GIS software, spatial analysis and integration were carried out for mapping drinking water quality in the basin. From the photometric heavy metal analysis, it is inferred that the excess concentration of Fe, Ni, Mn, Mo and Cu at some locations is the cause of undesirable quality for drinking purposes. Similarly, the EC thematic map shows that considerable areas in the basin are having high salinity hazards. The reason for excess concentration of various heavy metals is the industrial activities and petroleum pipelines and salinity levels show the sea water intrusion.     

榆林市大气中主要污染物浓度变化规律初探

本文初探了干旱的榆林地区大气污染物浓度变化规律。指出悬浮微粒污染最严重,SO_2次之,NO_x最轻,描述了各种污染物季节变化规律。