结构新颖的卧式齿坯辗扩机的特性分析

针对当前国内外生产使用的一般卧式辗扩机的工作特性,提出了使辗扩机辗压力与制件变形工艺力相平衡,避免产生滑块倾翻力矩的原则设计卧式辗扩机结构的理论,设计制造出结构新颖的卧式辗扩机——φ500齿轮毛坯辗扩机,将它与一般卧式辗扩机作了对比分析,指出了新结构的诸多优点,这些优点已在生产使用中得到验证。     

环形件辗压

辗环又称扩孔,实质是环形毛坯的径向轧制。其特点是毛坯旋转,辗压辊中心距逐渐减小使毛坯径向厚度变薄而直径增大,连续变形,压下量小,具有表面变形特征。在辗环机(又称扩孔机)上,可以轧制火车轮箍、轴承套圈、齿轮圈、衬套、法     

径向辗环的力能参数计算

研究了径向辗环的力能参数的计算方法。认为径向辗环是一种特殊的压力轧制,用上限理论导出了径向辗压力的计算公式;根据塑性变形中移位体积所消耗的能量导出了辗环扭矩的计算公式;用摩擦圆代换法导出了型槽侧面摩擦力矩的计算公式;以环件变形扩大产生塑性铰链的理论,导出了压力辊(抱辊)力矩;在综合分析各项力矩的基础上,给出了径向辗环电机功率的计算方法,并进行了实例计算,和实测值进行了比较。     

双轮摆辗

本文通过实例阐述了双轮摆辗以连续的局部变形代替锻压工艺的整体变形。因此,按锻压工艺需用较大吨位设备加工的零件,可以用较小吨位的双轮摆辗机代替加工。双轮摆辗机加工的零件可以获得较高的尺寸精度和表面光洁度,并且噪音小,可实现少,无切削加工。     

精密毛坯的冷摆辗工艺研究

研究了冷摆辗环形法兰的工艺过程、尺寸关系,应力应变状态。提出了冷摆辗环形法兰时的有关公式和辗具轴线对毛坯轴线的倾角推荐值。     

高温合金镶块式摆辗模

摆动辗压是一种新型金属成形工艺。其特点是利用摆头上模对工件局部施加压力,使之逐渐连续局部变形,从而达到瞬间变形效果。在摆辗过程中,上下模表面是在高温高压状态下工作。表面温度常常在800℃以上。在摆辗工艺发展过程中,模具的构造和材料的选择一直是个关键问题。本文是采用高温合金制造摆辗机镶块模具的一个试验总结。     

环件辗扩进给量

本文对环件辗扩进给量及影响因素进行了研究,给出了进给量的选择依据。结合EQ140汽车后桥齿轮坯的辗扩实践,阐述了环件辗扩进给规范的制订方法。     

伞齿轮冷摆辗成形工艺的光塑性研究

本章着重介绍了用光塑性技术研究伞齿轮冷摆辗成形工艺的基本情况。实验得到了模型内的三维塑性应变分布,观察到了坯料在摆辗过程中的变形特征,找到了影响伞齿轮冷摆辗成形的几个主要参数,并根据实验初步提出了伞齿轮冷摆辗成形的最佳工艺条件,为金属成型工艺实验提供了有实用价值的实验资料。     

摆动辗压机的现状及其发展

介绍了波兰、瑞士、日本、德国、美国、英国、前苏联（俄罗斯）与中国等国内外各时期典型摆动辗压机的研究状况。阐述了摆动辗压机的基本工作机理及不断发展着的技术参数,包括摆辗压力,滑块速度与行程,摆头转动速度与频率,摆头轨迹与角度,摆辗精度与变形力,摆辗件及坯料的尺寸范围,驱动泵及摆头的电机功率,摆动辗压机总功率与生产率等重要指标,同时分析了摆动辗压机在国内外的应用状况,并指明了其发展方向。     

国内外摆动辗压技术的研究和发展

介绍了摆动辗压成形技术在美国、英国、波兰、前苏联、瑞士、日本和德国等工业发达国家的研制和生产概况。综述了我国科技工作者在摆动辗压机的机身设计计算与制造、摆头的设计计算、摆动辗压的运动轨迹以及摆动辗压成形过程中坯料与摆头之间的接触情况等;在摆动辗压成形过程中的应力、应变分布的实验研究与数值模拟分析,缺陷形成机理分析,以及摆辗变形力的工程计算等;热摆动辗压成形工艺、温摆辗成形工艺和冷摆辗成形工艺在汽车、摩托车、五金工具和兵器工业等加工制造业的工程应用等方面所作的成形机理、数值模拟、设备和工艺研究情况。     

径轴向辗环机优化轧制规程的计算机辅助设计

此文介绍了利用数字计算机进行矩形截面环轧制的优化规程设计方法,优化是基于轧制过程的物理模型,考虑了各种轧制约束条件,结果符合实际生产情况,并且可使轧机容量得到充分利用,大大缩短轧制所需时间,节约材料与能源消耗。     

环形件摆动辗压过程中接触区域轮廓的数值计算方法

摆动辗压过程中锥形摆头与坯料接触面积是一个十分重要的参数,此文从辗压过程中坯料螺旋式送进的事实出发,首次给出了环形坯料,接触区域轮廓坐标的数值求解过程,为正确计算接触面积提供了精确的计算方法。     

Ring 19 mosaicism detected during prenatal diagnosis

A ring chromosome 19 was found in 14 of 20 metaphases (67 per cent) derived from amniotic fluid cell cultures following amniocentesis because of increased maternal age. Elective termination of the pregnancy revealed a hypotrophic female fetus with mild dysmorphic signs, but no congenital malformations. The case is discussed in relation to three reports in the literature of ring chromosome 19 mosaicism in a phenotypically normal girl, a mentally retarded man, and a boy with normal psychomotor development and minor dysmorphic features.     

海南东环铁路（海口段）运行噪声预测研究

本文对海南东环铁路海口城区的南海大道附近的敏感点列车开通的近期（2020年）和远期（2030年）的噪声进行预测：根据噪声暴露声级与等效声级的关系公式,对列车加密后南海大道距离轨道30m处的噪声进行预测,发现当小时列车数达到14车次时,其昼问等效声级将超过70dBA的标准,为城区段控制小时列车次数提供参考。     

Prenatal diagnosis of monosomy 18 and ring chromosome 18 mosaicism

The case of monosomy 18/ring chromosome 18 mosaicism which was detected prenatally by amniocentesis is presented. The pregnancy was terminated in week 18. Autopsy showed complex malformation of the fetus consisting of cebocephaly, hypotelorism, microphthalmia, severe defects of brain development, and arrest of placental maturation.     

A fetus with a chromosome 13 ring and placenta with chromosome 13 rod/ring mosaicism

A fetus was identified by prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis as having a karyotype 46,XY,r(13) (p11q13). Termination of the pregnancy yielded a severely malformed fetus. Fetal abnormalities included anencephaly, imperforate anus and urethral meatus, severe talipes, syndactyly, cardiac defects and other anomalies. Confirmatory studies on cultured placental villi cells indicated a second cell line, 46,XY, −13,+ 13qter→cen::13ql3→qter. This cell line was not detectable in cells derived from the fetus despite extensive studies. It seems likely that the two cell lines arose simultaneously with selection favouring the 46,XY,r(13) line. How the chromosome rearrangements may have arisen is discussed. We are unaware of other cases where a cell line identifiable by a chromosome abnormality appeared to be confined to placental tissue. However, studies on placental tissue may be helpful in understanding the origin of other unbalanced de novo rearrangements.     

应急监测中便携式顶空/GC-MS法测定水中VOCs的初步研究

通过对实验室加标水样和实际水样的测定,研究了便携式顶空/气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)与吹扫捕集/GC-MS法测定水中VOCs的性能比较,探讨了利用Loop环测定水中高浓度VOCs的准确度. 结果表明:便携式顶空/GC-MS测定水中54种低浓度VOCs的检出限略高于吹扫捕集/GC-MS系统,准确度和精密度分别为67.4%～136%和9.08%～19.80%,均满足环境应急监测分析的要求;利用Loop环,便携式顶空/GC-MS可对水中高浓度级(mg/L)VOCs进行较为准确地测定,回收率为100%～149%;复杂的实际样品基本不干扰便携式顶空/GC-MS的测定,与吹扫捕集/GC-MS法相比,二者对实际水样的测定结果相对偏差小于20%;便携式顶空/GC-MS在水污染事故现场可得到基本准确的结果,可为事故后续处理提供有效的数据支持.      

Pollution characteristics, sources and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a new urban district of Nanjing, China

This paper focused on the pollution characteristics,sources and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in a new urban district of Nanjing,China.Gaseous and aerosol PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than2.5 urn) samples were collected in spring of 2015.Sixteen PAHs were extracted and analyzed after sampling.Firstly,arithmetic mean concentrations of PAHs and BaP_(eq)(benzo[a]pyrene equivalent) were calculated.The mean concentrations of PAHs were 29.26±14.13,18.14±5.37 and 48.47±16.03 ng/m~3 in gas phase,particle phase and both phases,respectively.The mean concentrations of BaP_(eq) were 0.87±0.51,2.71±2.17 and 4.06±2.31 ng/m~3 in gas phase,particle phase and both phases,respectively.Secondly,diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis were adopted to identify the sources of PAHs and the outcomes were the same:traffic exhaust was the predominant source followed by fuel combustion and industrial process.Finally,incremental lung cancer risk(ILCR) induced by whole year inhalation exposure to PAHs for population groups of different age and gender were estimated based on a Monte Carlo simulation.ILCR values caused by particle phase PAHs were greater than those caused by gas phase PAHs.ILCR values for adults were greater than those for other age groups.ILCR values caused by total(gas + particle) PAHs for diverse groups were all greater than the significant level(10~6),indicating high potential lung cancer risk.Sensitivity analysis results showed that cancer slope factor for BaP inhalation exposure and BaP_(eq) concentration had greater impact than body weight and inhalation rate on the ILCR.     

Chlorination of para-substituted phenols: Formation of α, β-unsaturated C4-dialdehydes and C4-dicarboxylic acids

Despite the widespread occurrence of phenols in anthropogenic and natural compounds, their fate in reactions with hypochlorous acid (HOCl), one of the most common water treatment disinfectants, remains incompletely understood. To close this knowledge gap, this study investigated the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the reaction of free chlorine with seven para-substituted phenols. Based on the chemical structures of the DBPs and the reaction mechanisms leading to their formation, the DBPs were categorized into four groups: chlorophenols, coupling products, substituent reaction products, and ring cleavage products. In contrast to previous studies that investigated the formation of early-stage chlorophenols, the primary focus of this study was on the elucidation of novel ring cleavage products, in particular α, β-unsaturated C₄-dialdehydes, and C₄-dicarboxylic acids, which, for the first time, were identified and quantified in this study. The molar yields of 2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA), one of the identified α, β-unsaturated C₄-dialdehydes, varied among the different phenolic compounds, reaching a maximum value of 10.4% for bisphenol S. Molar yields of 2-chloromaleic acid (Cl-MA), one of the identified C₄-dicarboxylic acids, reached a maximum value of 30.5% for 4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid under given conditions. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was shown to be an important intermediate of the parent phenols and the C₄-ring cleavage products. Based on the temporal trends of α, β-unsaturated C₄-dialdehydes and C₄-dicarboxylic acids, their formation is likely attributable to two separate ring cleavage pathways. Based on the obtained results, an overall transformation pathway for the reaction of para-substituted phenols with free chlorine leading to the formation of novel C₄ ring cleavage products was proposed.     

Decomposition of Al13 promoted by salicylic acid under acidic condition: Mechanism study by differential mass spectrometry method and DFT calculation

Decomposition of the polycation Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂⁷⁺ (Al₁₃) promoted by ligand is a vital subject to advance our understanding of natural and artificial occurrence and evolution of aluminum ions, especially in the case of acidic condition that dissolved Al³⁺ species can be released from the Al-bearing substances. However, the microscopic pathway of synchronous proton-promoted and ligand-promoted decomposition process for Al₁₃ is still in the status of ambiguity. Herein, we applied differential mass spectrometry method and DFT calculation to study the initial detailed process of Al₁₃ decomposition under the presence of proton and salicylic acid (H₂Sal). Mass results showed that the mononuclear Al³⁺-H₂Sal complexes dominated the resulting Al species, whereas the monodentate complex Al₁₃HSal⁶⁺ was not observed in the spectra. The difference of decomposition levels between the ligand/Al ratio 0.2 and 0.5 cases revealed that proton and ligand performed synergistic effect in initial Al₁₃ decomposition process, and the proton transfer determined the ring closure efficiency. The ring closure reaction is the prerequisite for the collapse of Al₁₃ structure and detachment of the mononuclear complex. DFT calculations reveal that hydrogen bond plays an important role in inducing the formation of chelated complex accompanying proton transfer. Attachment of protons at the bridging OH⁻ can elongate and weaken the critical bond between targeted Al³⁺ and µ₄-O^2- resulting from delocalization of electron pairs in the oxygen atom. These results demonstrate the detailed mechanism of Al₁₃ composition promoted by ligand and proton, and provide significant understanding for further application and control of Al₁₃.