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1.
对二乙氨基苯基亚甲基若丹宁固相萃取光度法测定银   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了对二乙氨基苯基亚甲基若丹宁(DEABR)与银的显色反应,在柠檬酸—氢氧化钠缓冲介质(pH=2 5)中,乳化剂-OP存在下,DEABR与银反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,该络合物可用C18固相萃取小柱富集,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇(含5%乙酸)洗脱后用光度法测定。在乙醇介质中λmax=545nm,ε=6.89×104L·mol-1·cm-1。银含量在0 01~2mg/L内符合比耳定律,方法用于环境水样中银含量的测定,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

2.
亚甲基蓝分光光度法(简称亚甲蓝光度法)和碘量法是测定硫化物较常用的两种方法,前者一般适用于低含量S2-的分析,后者则适用于高含量S2-的分析[1]。废水中硫化物的测定一般用碘量法。由于废水的成分复杂,干扰因素较多,碘量法测定的结果有时会存在较大的差异,测定中应注意消除干扰。1 实验  取某化纤厂废水样,现场加适量Zn(Ac)2和NaOH溶液固定。实验室吸取适量水样,过滤,用蒸馏水洗涤沉淀3次,再经酸化-吹气分离处理后,分别用碘量法和亚甲蓝光度法测定硫化物含量。结果发现,两种方法测定化纤厂排放口废水样,存在较大差异,碘量法的测…  相似文献   

3.
王亮  陶溶溶 《干旱环境监测》1998,12(4):197-198,233
研究了新试剂5-(3-甲基-2-毗啶)亚甲基若丹宁(MPMR)与汞的显色反应,在弱酸性介质中和CTMAB微乳液存在下,MPMR与Hg2 生成2:1稳定络合物,λmax=445nm,ε=1.04X105L.mol-1.cm-1。汞的含量在0~1.2mg几内符合比耳定律。方法用于水样中汞的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

4.
硝化过程BOD5的测定研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了亚甲基蓝,硫脲,亚甲基蓝/硫脲,酸碱预处理,改变稀释水pH值五种预处理方法对硝化过程BOD5测量的影响.亚甲基蓝在抑制硝化过程同时,抑制碳化阶段.硫脲在抑制硝化过程时,本身存在可生化降解问题.亚甲基蓝/硫脲在稀释水中浓度各为1.3mg/L时,对硝化过程有很好抑制作用,又不影响碳化阶段.酸碱预处理及改变稀释水pH,效果不佳.  相似文献   

5.
用碘量法测定废水中的硫化物,可能因无法消除干扰而使测定结果存在较大误差;对于同一废水样品,当碘量法和亚甲基蓝分光光度法的测定结果存在显著性差异时,可用Pb(Ac)2半定量法进行判定;对于某些化纤企业的废水,用氢氧化钾-乙醇溶液洗涤沉淀,可消除碘量法测定的干扰。使用光度法时,校准曲线的线性范围可由0~25μg,扩展到0~40μg。5 0μgS2- ml的ZnS混悬液置于冰箱内保存至少可以稳定一个月。  相似文献   

6.
简化亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定水中硫化物   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
对亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定水中硫化物预处理的吹气时间进行了简化实验,并与原方法作了对照,根据测定的精密度和加标回收率的结果,得出可将原方法的吹气时间由25min减少以10min,节省时间,并满足了测定方法规定的质量要求。  相似文献   

7.
水质──可溶性硫化物的测定──亚甲基兰分光光度法ISO10530第一版[编者按]本篇译文是ISO新推荐的方法,虽然也是吹气法,但因采用了全磨口封闭装置,改变了硫化物回收的不稳定状况,回收效果较好,故予以刊载。请大家试用,并及时将试用情况返回中国环境监...  相似文献   

8.
硫化物分析水样预处理方法的改进   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
在用碘量法或亚甲基蓝法测定硫化物时,必须对水样进行预处理。目前预处理方法有沉淀分离法,过滤-酸化-吹气法和酸化-吹气法等。后两种预处理过程比较繁琐,且吹气速度的快慢对测定结果有较大的影响。现用氢化物发生装置,利用锌粒与酸作用产生的氢,将生成的硫化氢带出的方法作水样预处理,取得了满意的效果。  相似文献   

9.
直链烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)是家用洗涤剂中的一种阴离子表面活性剂,目前的使用量在德国大约为80,000吨/年、瑞士为5,000吨/年。商用LAS的烷基链长为C_(10)—C_(14)所组成。许多分析技术可用于环境样品中LAS的测定,除了大家熟悉的亚甲基兰比色法外还开发了使用气相色谱的(GC)的更为专用的仪器分析法。这些仪器分析法不仅灵敏度高而且选择性好,可专门用于河水、沉积物、污水污泥和土壤中痕量级LAS的测定。  相似文献   

10.
采用HPLC法测定烟叶和烟田土壤样品中盐酸吗啉胍的残留,通过对样品前处理条件和仪器测定条件进行优化,使该方法在0.100 mg/L~10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好。烟田土壤、鲜烟叶、烤后烟叶中盐酸吗啉胍的方法检出限分别为32.1μg/kg、22.9μg/kg、46.5μg/kg,空白样品3个质量比水平的加标回收率为79.4%~93.8%,RSD为5.7%~12.3%。将该方法用于研究盐酸吗啉胍在烟叶和烟田土壤中的消解动态,得知盐酸吗啉胍在烟叶中的消解半衰期为24.76 d~27.73 d,在烟田土壤中为13.41 d~16.23 d。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> -1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.  相似文献   

12.
微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉镍铬   总被引:25,自引:5,他引:25       下载免费PDF全文
用微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,镍和铬。通过硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液对土壤样品消解,选择出微波最佳消解条件。对硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢体系消解液和硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液进行消解对比试验,发现前者不能将土壤样品完全消解,后者能将样品消解完全,但需将消解液中剩余的酸赶尽,否则测定结果将明显偏低。微波消解土壤与传统电热消解相比,操作简便快速,可提高工作效率。  相似文献   

13.
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) began in 1993 and is sponsored by 74 local, state, and federal agencies and companies through their discharge or Bay use permits. The RMP monitors water, sediment, toxicity, and bivalve bioaccumulation at 25 sites in the Bay that are considered to represent "background" conditions. Several major environmental issues have been identified by the RMP. Polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury were often above water quality guidelines, and often occurred in fish tissues above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screening values. Concentrations do not appear to be decreasing, suggesting continuing inputs. Episodes of aquatic toxicity often occurred following runoff events that transport contaminants into the Bay from urbanized and agricultural portions of the watershed. Sediment toxicity occurred throughout the Bay, and has been correlated with concentrations of specific contaminants (chlordanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) at some locations; mixtures of contaminants were probably also important. Since the RMP does not monitor all ecosystem components, assessments of the overall condition of the Bay cannot be made. However, in terms of contamination, the RMP samples suggest that the South Bay, and North Bay sites are moderately contaminated.  相似文献   

14.
A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in westernOregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determinecontaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrationsin fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, andBiomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish specieseaten to Osprey eggs. Ten Osprey eggs and 25 composite samplesof fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (OC)pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs). Mercury was also analyzed in fish. Geometric meanresidues in Osprey eggs were judged low, e.g., DDE 2.3 g g-1 wet weight (ww), PCBs 0.69 g g-1, 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2.3 ng kg-1, and generally well below known threshold values for adverse effects on productivity, and the population was increasing. Osprey egg residue data presentedby River Mile (RM) are discussed, e.g., higher PCDDs were generally found immediately downstream of paper mills and eggsfrom the Willamette River had significantly elevated PCBs and PCDDs compared to reference eggs collected nearby in the CascadeMountains. Prey remains at nest sites indicated that the Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and NorthernPikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) accounted for an estimated 90.1% of the biomass in the Osprey diet, and composite samples of these two species were collected from different sampling sites throughout the study area for contaminant analyses. With the large percentage of the fishbiomass in the Osprey diet sampled for contaminants (and fisheaten by Ospreys similar in size to those chemically analyzed),and fish contaminant concentrations weighted by biomass intake, a mean BMF was estimated from fish to Osprey eggs for the largeseries of contaminants. BMFs ranged from no biomagnification(0.42) for 2,3,7,8-TCDF to 174 for OCDD. Our findings for themigratory Osprey were compared to BMFs for the resident HerringGull (Larus argentatus), and differences are discussed. Webelieve a BMF approach provides some basic understanding ofrelationships between contaminant burdens in prey species offish-eating birds and contaminants incorporated into their eggs,and may prove useful in understanding sources of contaminants inmigratory species although additional studies are needed.  相似文献   

15.
The draft of the German guideline to calculate automobile exhaust dispersion is explained. It contains a two-stage-system: For first quick estimates the guideline contains the simple models MLuS and STREET. In case these models are not applicable or their results shows concentration levels close to the air quality standards, the more complex models PROKAS_V and MISKAM are recommended. PROKAS_V is a Gaussian plume model, MISKAM is a 3-dimensional microscale non hydrostatic flow model for built-up areas with an Eulerian dispersion model. The guideline comprises cases in rural areas without or with few adjacent buildings as well as urban areas with buildings near the roads. The contribution gives information about the models, typical results and some of the problems showing up presently.  相似文献   

16.
The population counts of hydrocarbon-utilising yeasts weremonitored at six sampling stations in the Benin City municipalarea over a four-week period. Although the population countswere relatively constant in each locality, the highest countsoccurred in areas heavily polluted by domestic and industrialeffluents. A total of thirty-five hydrocarbon-degrading yeastswere isolated from soil at the sampling stations usingn-hexadecane as sole carbon source. The isolates were identifiedas belonging to the genera Candida (27 strains), Endomycopsis (4 strains). All the organisms grew on long-chainn-alkane, kerosene, diesel oil and crude oil but failed to growon short-chain n-alkane, aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.Measurement of growth attributes of the isolates usingn-hexadecane, diesel oil and crude oil as substrates showed thatthe Candida species were better utilizers of hydrocarbonsubstrates relative to Endomycopsis and Schizosaccharomyces species.  相似文献   

17.
This paper gives mathematical details and sample applications of SWAGMAN Farm (SWAGMAN, Salt Water and Groundwater Management), a farm-scale hydrologic economic model that integrates agronomic, climatic, irrigation, hydrogeological and economic aspects of irrigated agriculture. The model is capable of determining optimum mix of land use to keep watertable and soil salinity within acceptable limits while maximising the economic returns. Alternatively, the model can simulate water and salt balance and economics of a given cropping preference. Web-based and Geographic Information Systems versions of the model are available for integration with the environmental reporting systems of the irrigation areas.  相似文献   

18.
用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了苏州开发区26种蔬菜中的铜、锌、铁、锰和镍的含量。蔬菜样品用硝酸高氯酸混合酸进行消解。4次测定值的相对标准差<5%,加标回收率在92%~107%之间。26种蔬菜中铜、锌、铁、锰、镍的含量基本均在世贸组织规定的范围内。  相似文献   

19.
Using Multiple Taxonomic Groups to Index the Ecological Condition of Lakes   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Biological indicators of communitiestypically reflect a common environmental signalreflecting the general condition of the ecosystem, as well asindividual signals by indicators differentiallysensitive to particular environmental conditions. Wedescribe here a method of integrating and interpretingsuch indicators from 19 New England lakes for fivetaxonomic groups (diatoms, benthos, zooplankton, fish,and birds). Our approach provides a systematicstandardized way to integrate multiple metrics fromdifferent taxonomic groups by addressing four elementscrucial to analyzing data from multiple indicators: covariate control, re-scaling of data, standardizing the sign of responses, and dimensional reduction. We evaluated the biologicalmetrics against individual environmental stressors andagainst multivariate physicochemical metricscharacterizing general anthropogenic stress among thelakes. The method detected a response to variationin the gross environmental condition of the lakes thatwas correlated across taxa and metrics. In addition,a differential response to near shore conditions wasdemonstrated for fish. The success of the approach inthis study lends support to its general application toecological monitoring involving complex data sets.  相似文献   

20.
We determined concentrations of selected trace elements inlivers, kidneys and blood samples from common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) from the eastern Canadianarctic during 1997 and 1998. Concentrations of totalmercury and organic mercury were generally low in the liversof these birds (less than 6 and 4 g g–1 dry wt,respectively). Selenium ranged between 11–47 g g–1 inlivers. Renal cadmium concentrations were among the highestever published for this species (range: 47–281 g g–1). The regressions of log-transformed concentrations ofthese trace elements in blood samples on those in liver orkidney were significant (all P-values < 0.05) andpositive. However, except for organic mercury (RM 2 = 0.83), the co-efficients of determination were low tomoderate (range of R 2: 0.26–0.52), suggesting poorto moderate predictive capability. Furthermore, therelationships between total mercury in blood and liverchanged between 1997 and 1998, suggesting that it would notbe possible to predict consistently, concentrations ofmercury in blood from those in liver based on samples takenin one year. Blood samples can be used to determineconcentrations of these trace elements in common eiders (andprobably other sea duck species as well). The use of bloodsamples is especially warranted when it is undesirable tokill the animal such as when working with rare or endangeredsea duck species or when the objective is to relate traceelement exposure to annual survival rates. However, thepredictive equations developed here should not be used topredict expected concentrations in one type of tissue fromthose in the other.  相似文献   

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