戈尔SuperflexTM"焚烧王"技术

摘要：美国戈尔公司基于“表面过滤”理论，开发的Gore-Tex薄膜滤袋产品，为最严格的排放控制及电厂BOT运作的经济性提供了保障。其中，Superflex^TM滤袋产品及技术，为垃圾发电行业提供了超强的性能及极长的工作寿命。     

Remedia(R)滤袋——一种去除二(噁)英的新技术

随着垃圾焚烧发电工程的兴起,对尾气中二(噁)英的控制处理提出了严格的要求.基于"表面过滤"及"催化过滤"相关理论成功开发出的Remedia(R)覆膜催化滤袋产品,为最严格的粉尘排放及二(噁)英的控制提供了新技术.     

Remedia~滤袋——一种去除二噁英的新技术

随着垃圾焚烧发电工程的兴起,对尾气中二英的控制处理提出了严格的要求。基于"表面过滤"及"催化过滤"相关理论成功开发出的Remedia覆膜催化滤袋产品,为最严格的粉尘排放及二噁英的控制提供了新技术。     

电袋复合除尘器脉冲喷吹清灰机理实验研究

脉冲喷吹清灰装置是电袋复合除尘器的核心部件，其喷吹效果直接关系到除尘系统的排放、除尘效率、运行阻力及滤袋寿命。采用3寸脉冲阀和4寸脉冲阀、8m及10m滤袋进行实验研究，对脉冲清灰过程中喷吹管、滤袋上的压力变化等影响清灰能力的因素进行了测试，根据测试结果分析其变化规律，为大口径脉冲阀和长滤袋应用提供参考。     

浅谈滤袋糊袋问题及强力清灰技术

简述了袋式除尘器滤袋糊袋的常见原因及解决办法,并对强力清灰技术的作用机理、实际意义、施工相关要求和工程案例进行了详细说明,为解决滤袋糊袋问题提供了切实可行的办法。     

上海袋式除尘配件有限公司

<正>上海袋式除尘配件有限公司由美国戈尔公司(W.L.GoreAssociates,Inc.)与上海碳素厂于1997年9月合作组建,投资总额540万美元,是一家拥有30多年研制、生产和销售环晶牌袋式除尘器过滤单元、自动清灰系统及配件经验的著名企业。公司产品包括电磁脉冲阀、清灰控制仪、滤袋、滤袋框架、专用配件、电气控制柜以及过滤筒等,是国内生产袋式除尘器配件品种齐全、质量优异的企业。公司厂房使用面积达1万平方米,拥有年产40万只电磁脉冲阀生产线、30万只滤袋缝纫专用设备和年产2万台清灰控制仪生产线。     

滤袋针孔涂胶工艺在水泥窑袋式除尘器中的成功应用

文章分析比较了热熔、涂胶和贴PTFE胶带三种不同滤袋防漏制作措施,通过实验室研究和工程应用论述三者在实际应用过程中的优缺点,为滤袋防漏制作措施的选择提供参考。     

电厂袋式除尘器滤袋故障分析及处理

以北京高井热电厂为对象,运用故障树分析的方法,对袋式除尘器及滤袋失效进行了故障树分析,并将之演变为成功树,提出了防止滤袋失效的措施。     

脉冲清灰滤袋使用中的问题及解决方法

分析了脉冲清灰滤袋在使用过程中易出现的滤袋磨损、滤袋收缩／烧损、腐蚀、阻力高,以及滤袋质量等问题,探讨了预防和解决方法。     

生态文明建设中的社会共治：结构、机制与实现路径--以“绿色浙江”为例

从发达国家的经验来看,多元主体社会共治是环境保护和建设生态文明的有效途径,也是生态文明建设的必然趋势。本文以＆quot;绿色浙江＆quot;为例,重点分析了其在组织结构上的独特性,处理和政府、企业之间关系的巧妙性和平衡性,还分析了＆quot;绿色浙江＆quot;在环境保护项目中经常运用的公众参与机制、圆桌协商机制、舆论倒逼机制和服务外包机制等。最后,文章提出生态文明建设中社会共治的实现路径包括两个方面：环保组织要加强核心技术的开发和公益人才的培养,地方政府则要完善《中华人民共和国环境保护法》关于公众参与和信息公开的具体操作程序,扩大社会组织和市民群体参与本地生态文明建设的渠道和空间。     

STREAM WATER CHEMISTRY IN WATERSHEDS RECEIVING DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS OF H+, NH4, NO3−, AND SO42−1

ABSTRACT: Weekly precipitation and stream water samples were collected from small watersheds in Denali National Park, Alaska, the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, and the Calumet watershed on the south shore of Lake Superior, Michigan. The objective was to determine if stream water chemistry at the mouth and upstream stations reflected precipitation chemistry across a range of atmospheric inputs of H⁺, NH₄⁺, NO₃^?_?, and SO₄^2?. Volume-weighted precipitation H⁺, NH₄⁺, NO₃^?_?, and SO₄^2? concentrations varied 4 to 8 fold with concentrations highest at Calumet and lowest in Denali. Stream water chemistry varied among sites, but did not reflect precipitation chemistry. The Denali watershed, Rock Creek, had the lowest precipitation NO₃^?_? and SO₄^2? concentrations, but the highest stream water NO₃^?and SO₄^2? concentrations. Among sites, the ratio of mean monthly upstream NO₃^?_? concentration to precipitation NO₃^?_- concentration declined (p < 0.001, R²= 0.47) as precipitation NO₃^?_? concentration increased. The ratio of mean monthly upstream to precipitation SO₄^2? concentration showed no significant relationship to change in precipitation SO₄^2? concentration. Watersheds showed strong retention of inorganic N (> 90 percent inputs) across inputs ranging from 0.12 to > 6 kg N ha^?1 y^?1. Factors possibly accounting for the weak or non-existent signal between stream water and precipitation ion concentrations include rapid modification of meltwater and precipitation chemistry by soil processes, and the presence of unfrozen soils which permits winter mineralization and nitrification to occur.     

BIVARIATE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF FLOODS USING COPULAS1

Abstract: Bivariate flood frequency analysis offers improved understanding of the complex flood process and useful information in preparing flood mitigation measures. However, difficulties arise from limited bivariate distribution functions available to jointly model the correlated flood peak and volume that have different univariate marginal distributions. Copulas are functions that link univariate distribution functions to form bivariate distribution functions, which can overcome such difficulties. The objective of this study was to analyze bivariate frequency of flood peak and volume using copulas. Separate univariate distributions of flood peak and volume are first fitted from observed data. Copulas are then employed to model the dependence between flood peak and volume and join the predetermined univariate marginal distributions to construct the bivariate distribution. The bivariate probabilities and associated return periods are calculated in terms of univariate marginal distributions and copulas. The advantage of using copulas is that they can separate the effect of dependence from the effects of the marginal distributions. In addition, explicit relationships between joint and univariate return periods are made possible when copulas are employed to construct bivariate distribution of floods. The annual floods of Tongtou flow gauge station in the Jhuoshuei River, Taiwan, are used to illustrate bivariate flood frequency analysis.     

REAL-TIME SOIL WATER MONITORING FOR OPTIMUM WATER MANAGEMENT1

Abstract: Efficient water resource management is one of the most important policy issues facing agriculture in Hawaii in the years ahead. Soil water sensors, multisensor capacitance probes (MCP), have been successfully used for different water management projects. These MCPs monitor water content at multiple depths and at various locations in real-time. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of water content on field soil bulk density of Wahiawa silty clay tropical soil; measure field saturated hydraulic conductivity of this tropical soil: calibrate MCP system for this soil: and monitor and evaluate real-time soil water content variations under a tomato crop using the calibrated MCP system. Sensor calibration was conducted under laboratory conditions. Soil bulk density at different water contents and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured on the field. Bulk density increased with increasing water content: there was a 30 percent bulk density increase as a result of 0.25 cm³ cm^-3 water content variation. Compared with the manufacturer's calibration, site specific laboratory calibration of MCP gave a more accurate determination of soil water. Field determined saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher than laboratory determined values reported in the literature for the same soil type. Real-time soil water content monitoring within the root zone showed substantial variations due to water input (irrigation and rainfall) and water output (evapotranspiration and deep percolations). However, water content variations were much further reduced in the soil layer below the root zone.     

MULTITEMPORAL SCALE HYDROGRAPH PREDICTION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS1

Abstract: An artificial neural network (ANN) provides a mathematically flexible structure to identify complex nonlinear relationship between inputs and outputs. A multilayer perceptron ANN technique with an error back propagation algorithm was applied to a multitime-scale prediction of the stage of a hydro-logically closed lake, Devils Lake (DL), and discharge of the Red River of the North at Grand Forks station (RR-GF) in North Dakota. The modeling exercise used 1 year (2002), 5 years (1998–2002), and 27 years (1975–2002) of data for the daily, weekly, and monthly predictions, respectively. The hydrometeorological data (precipitations P_(t), P_(t-1), P_(t-2), P_(t-3), antecedent runoff/lake stage R_(t-1) and air temperature T_(t) were partitioned for training and for testing to predict the current hydro-graph at the selected DL and RR-GF stations. Performance of ANN was evaluated using three combinations of daily datasets (Input I = P_(t)), P_(t-l), P_(t-2), P_(t-3), T_(t) and R_(t-l); Input II = Input-l less P_(t) P_(t-l), P_(t-2), P_(t-3); and Input III = Input-II less T_(t)). Comparison of the model output using Input I data with the observed values showed average testing prediction efficiency (E) of 86 percent for DL basin and 46 percent for RR-GF basin, and higher efficiency for the daily than monthly simulations.     

EVALUATING INTERDEPENDENT WATERSHED CONSERVATION AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT REFORMS1

Abstract: Conserving the watershed can help to preserve ground water recharge. Preventing overuse of available water through pricing reforms can also substantially increase the value of an aquifer. Inasmuch as users are accustomed to low prices, efficiency pricing may be politically infeasible, and watershed conservation may be considered as an alternative. We estimate and compare welfare gains from pricing reform and watershed conservation for a water management district in Oahu that obtains its water supply from the Pearl Harbor aquifer. We find that pricing reform is welfare superior to watershed conservation unless the latter is able to prevent very large recharge losses. Watershed conservation that yields net gains in combination with pricing reform may cause net losses without the pricing reform. If adoption of watershed conservation delays the implementation of pricing reform, the benefits of the latter are significantly reduced.     

THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE IN CONTROLLING AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF1

Abstract: Agricultural runoff, such as dissolved mineral salts and selenium, creates pronounced downstream impacts to agricultural producers and to wildlife. The ability to manage these problems efficiently depends critically on the institutional pricing structure of irrigation water delivery agencies. An important characteristic of irrigation water delivery is whether irrigators pay per unit of water received or make one payment regardless of the quantity of water received. In this study we compare the effectiveness of agricultural runoff reduction policies in two regions that employ these different water pricing structures. We find that reduction policy is more effective and can be achieved at a lower cost when water is priced on a per unit basis and that growers have greater incentive to act on their own to reduce runoff problems. Operating under a per unit pricing system encourages water conservation and runoff reduction, which creates public benefits that are not achieved under the single-payment, fixed allotment method of irrigation water delivery.     

MULTIFRACTAL SCALING OF DAILY RUNOFF TIME SERIES IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS1

Abstract: Multifractal scaling behavior of long-term records of daily runoff time series in 32 subwatersheds covering a wide range of sizes was examined. These subwatersheds were associated with four agricultural watersheds with different climates and topography. The empirical moment scaling curves obtained using the trace moment method showed that the runoff time series exhibited a multifractal behavior, which was valid over a time scale range from one day to about three years. The multi-fractal scaling of the runoff time series was well described by the Universal Multifractal Model. The spectral analysis (β < 1) and the order of fractional integration (H ⋍; 0) indicated that the runoff time series were conservative. The multifractal parameters, α (multifractal index) and C₁ (co-dimension), were reasonably close to each other for subwatersheds within each of the watersheds and were generally similar among the four watersheds. The α values of the four watersheds were 1.10 ± 0.13, 1.61 ± 0.06,1.61 ± 0.24, and 1.63 ± 0.19. The C₁ values of four watersheds were 0.19 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.04, and 0.11 ± 0.02. The multifractal analyses provided useful insight into the runoff time series, especially the occurrence and distribution of extreme events.