Photodegradation of hydroxyfluorenes in ice and water: A comparison of kinetics,effects of water constituents,and phototransformation by-products

The photochemical behavior of organic pollutants in ice is poorly studied in comparison to aqueous photochemistry.Here we report a detailed comparison of ice and aqueous photodegradation of two representative OH-PAHs,2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFL) and 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFL),which are newly recognized contaminants in the wider environment including colder regions.Interestingly,their photodegradation kinetics were clearly influenced by whether they reside in ice or water.Under the same simulated s...     

Pollution of water resources due to industrialization in arid zone of Rajasthan, India

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＵｒｂａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅｋｅｙｓｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ,ｈａｖｅｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｅｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｉｓｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｉｏｎｗａｓｆｅｌｔｗｈｅｎｉｔｅｘｃｅｅｄｅｄｔｈｅｌｉｍｉｔｂｅｙｏｎｄｗｈｉｃｈｉｔｂｅｃａｍｅｉｒｒｅｐａｒａｂｌｅ.Ｗａｔｅｒ,ｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｅｓｔｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ,ｈａｓｍａｎｙｒｏｌｅｓｔｏｐｌａｙｉｎｂｏｔｈｕｒｂａｎａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｄｅｖｅ…     

Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs) in urban surface water of Shijiazhuang,China: Occurrence,distribution,sources and ecological risks

It is extremely important to analyze the contaminative behaviors of Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs) due to their serious threats to urban environments which are closely related to humans. Current study aimed to explore the distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of PFAAs in surface water from Shijiazhuang, China. The concentrations of ΣPFAAs ranged from 19.5 to 125.9 ng/L in the investigation area. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid(PFBS) and perfluoropentanoic acid(PFPeA) were t...     

Biochar-based materials as remediation strategy in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water: Performances,mechanisms, and environmental impact

Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment. Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials, have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the performance, mechanisms, and potential environmental toxicity of biochar,modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water. Specifically, the use of biochar in oil-contam...     

Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident—technology and practice in China

An investigation into emergency potable water treatment technologies was conducted to investigate China’s water pollution situation. In order to confirm optimum parameters, the technological efficiency of each pollutant was obtained. About 100 contaminants were tested to find the emergency treatment technologies, most of which were found to be positive. This paper presents the three largest and most significant water pollution incidents in China to date, analyzing cases such as the nitrobenzene pollution incident in the Songhua River in November 2005, the cadmium pollution incident in the Beijiang River in December 2005, and the water crisis with odorous tap water in Wuxi City in May 2007.     

Detoxifying moniliformin in grains and water

ＤｅｔｏｘｉｆｙｉｎｇｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｒａｉｎｓａｎｄｗａｔｅｒＺｈａｎｇＨｏｎｇ，ＬｉＪｉｌｕｎＣｏｌｅｇｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００...     

ThreeIndustries and water consumption of Beijing

ＴｈｒｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＷａｎｇＨｏｎｇｒｕｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７５，...     

Study on urban water environmental support capacity

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｃａｐａｃｉｔｙＧｕｏＨｕａｉｃｈｅｎｇ；ＹｅＷｅｎｈｕ（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７...     

Degradation problems of the land/water ecotones in China and their ecological impact to water systems

ＩｎＣｈｉｎａ，ｔｈｅｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｔｗｅｎｔｙｙｅａｒｓ．Ｂｕｔｉｔｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｍｏｓｔｌｙｏｎａｇｒｅａｔｉｎｐｕｔｏｆｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔａｎｄｈｉｇｈｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔ...     

Renovated water reuse for rapid infiltration system

The renovated water in the rapid infiltration system (RI) as area for fish and duck farming is feasible. The flesh of fish and duck is edible. The farming of fish for 5 months and duck for 120 - 130 days can be accepted. It is beneficial to environment and economy, especially in developing countries. The production of fish and duck can make up for the cost of wastewater treatment.     

Modelling of water quality of Minjiang estuary

In order to establish economic development region at Mawei districtwhich is nearby downstream of Minjiang river and to answer the question of impact of economic development on water quality of Minjiang estuary, the analyses of hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics of Mawei reach of Minjiang tidal river, a two-dimensional mathematical model has been established and simulation of water quality was studied. The results show that the flushing time of a conservative pollutant during dry and raining period are 12 and 7 days respectively from Mawei to Minjiang mouth, the decay rate constants of BOD and NH3-N are 0.1 to 0.4 and 0.18 to 0.45 d-1 respectively. The capacity of dilution and assimilation for pollutants is larger.     

Biogeochemical cycles of selenium in Antarctic water

ＢｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｙｃｌｅｓｏｆｓｅｌｅｎｉｕｍｉｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｗａｔｅｒ￥ＸｉａＷｅｉｐｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＯｌｄＤｏｍｉｎｉｏｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｎｏｒｆｏｌｋ，ＶＡ２３５２９，ＵＳＡ）...     

Particle monitoring techniques for water treatment applications

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｎｎａｔｕｒａｌｗａｔｅｒｓａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｔｏｏｓｍａｌｌｔｏｂｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｒｅｍｏｖｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｓｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ／ｆｌｏｃｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｃａｕｓｅｓｆｉｎｅｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｔｏａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｅｉｎｔｏｌａｒｇｅｒｕｎｉｔｓ（ｆｌｏｃｓ）ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅｍｏｒｅｅａｓｉｌｙｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄ．Ｉｎｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓａｌｔｓｏｆａｌｕｍｉ…     

Analysis of α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry

A fast and simple method for determination of α, β,γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in water using activated carbon fibersolid phase microextraction(ACF-SPME) were studied. Results showed the performance of adsorption and desorption of three HCHs on ACF were excellent. A wide linear range from 10 to 100 μg/L and detection limits of the ng/L level were obtained using ACF-SPME with GC-MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was also successfully applied for determination of three HCHs in tap water. Compared to commercial fibers, ACF showed some advantages such as better resistance to solvents, higher thermal stability, longer lifetime and lower cost. The data demonstrated that GC-MS with ACF-SPME is well suitable for the analysis of HCHs in water.     

Advanced lignin-acrylamide water treatment agent by pulp and paper industrial sludge：Synthesis, properties and application

A novel flocculant LA （lignin-acrylamide polymer）, which was used as aid for aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride in this study, was prepared by grafting acrylamide onto lignin that deriving from pulp and papermaking sludge. Physicochemical properties of LA were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental outcome indicated acrylamide was grafted onto the lignin backbone successfully. The effects of LA addition were evaluated on coagulation performance and floc characteristics as a function of aluminum （Al） dosage, such as floc size, growth rate, strength and recoverability. Effects of different dosing sequences, Al dosed first and LA dosed first, were also investigated. LA used as coagulant aid markedly enhanced the removal efficiency of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon, especially at low Al dosages. The dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies of aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride at the Al dosage range selected in this study were improved more than 30% and 5% by LA, respectively. LA dramatically enlarged floc size and it was in the order： Al dosed first 〉 LA dosed first 〉 Al. Floc strength and recoverability were also improved by LA. LA played a significant role in charge neutralization, adsorption and bridging in floc formation.     

Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region:a case study in Taicang County, China

ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗａｔｅｒｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｕｚｈｏｕｒｅｇｉｏｎ：ａｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｉｎＴａｉｃａｎｇＣｏｕｎｔｙ，ＣｈｉｎａＬｉＹｏｎｇ，ＸｕＲｕｉｗｅｉ，ＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕｉｍｉｎｇ，ＡｎＱｉｏｎｇ，ＪｉｎＷｅｉ，Ｄｕ...     

Template-free synthesis of inorganic hollow spheres at water/“water-brother”interfaces as Fenton-like reagents for water treatment

This paper reports a template-free method to synthesize a series of inorganic hollow spheres (IHSs) including Cu-1, Cu-2, Ni-1, Ni-2 based on mineralization reactions at water/“water-brother” interfaces. “Water-brother” was defined as a solvent which is miscible with water, such as ethanol and acetone. The water/“water-brother” interfaces are very different from water/oil interfaces. The “water-brother” solvent will usually form a homogenous phase with water. Interestingly, in our method, these interfaces can be formed, observed and utilized to synthesize hollow spheres. Utilizing the unique porous properties of the spheres, their potential application in water treatment was demonstrated by using Cu-1 IHSs as Fenton-like reagents for adsorption and decomposition of Congo Red from aqueous solution. The final adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min with the maximum adsorption capacity of 86.1 mg/g, and 97.3% removal of the dye in 80 min after adsorption equilibrium. The IHSs can be reused as least 5 times after treatment by NaOH. This method is facile and suitable for large-scale production, and shows great potential for watertreatment.     

Coagulation of micro-polluted Pearl River water with IPF-PACIs

Water samples collected from early March 2001 to the end of April 2002 at the branch of Pearl River around the Guangzhou City were analyzed for its micro-polluted characteristics. The coagulation behavior of polyaluminum chlorides(PACIs) was then examined focusing on the effect of primary water quality and speciation distribution. The results showed that PACIs exhibit better coagulation efficiency than alum in accordance with the different speciation.The turbidity removal property of PACIs is evidently better than alum at low dosage. While in neutral zone(about 6.5--7.5), the turbidity removal of PACIs decreases owing to the restabilization of particles at higher dosage. The organic matters in raw water exhibit marked influence on coagulation. In acidic zone, organic matters complex with polymer species and promote the formation of flocs. With an increase in pH, the complexation of organics with polymer species gradually decreases, and the removal of organics mainly depends on adsorption. The effect is evidently improved with the raise of B value.     

Effect of different water supply on morphology, growth and photosynthetic characteristcs of Salix Psammophila seedlings in Maowusu sandland, China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩＰＣＣ (ＩｎｔｅｒｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰａｎｅｌｏｎＣｌｉｍａｔｅＣｈａｎｇｅ ,1990 ;1992 ;1995)ｈａｓｎｏｔｅｄｔｈａｔｈｕｍａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｒｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｏｆ“ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓｅｓ”ｓｕｃｈａｓｃａｒｂｏｎｄｉｏｘｉｄｅ (ＣＯ2 ) ,ｍｅｔｈａｎｅ ,ｃｈｌｏｒｏｆｌｕｏｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓａｎｄｎｉｔｒｅｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅｉｎｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .Ｔｈｅｓｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｗｉｌ…