pH6.0酸性条件下产甲烷EGSB反应器的运行研究

采用中性颗粒污泥接种,运行一个3.1L的EGSB反应器共345d,通过逐步降低pH值,获得了耐酸的产甲烷颗粒污泥并实现厌氧反应器在低pH、低碱度条件下的稳定运行.在pH 6.0,进水COD 3000mg/L,COD容积负荷5kg/(m³·d)时,反应器的COD平均去除率为95.0%,出水总碱度(以CaCO₃计)仅为328.5mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为372.2mL,沼气中甲烷含量约为57.6%;在进水COD 4 000mg/L,COD容积负荷7.5kg/(m³·d)时,COD平均去除率为90.9%,出水总碱度仅为404.8mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为446.3mL,甲烷含量约为55.9%.EGSB反应器在pH6.0～6.1的范围内共运行112d,表明在低pH、低碱度下实现稳定的产甲烷过程是可行的.     

EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理糖蜜发酵废水效能研究

实验采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器与好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对糖蜜发酵废水进行处理.重点考察了组合工艺对发酵废水的处理效能,包括甲烷的产生效率、污染物(COD、NH4+-N和TN)的去除效能.实验结果表明:控温条件下[(35±1)℃]、进水COD约为2250mg/L、pH在为6.0左右时,EGSB对发酵废水的COD去除率可达75.6%,甲烷的容积产气速率为0.48m3/(m3·d).MBR在溶解氧(DO)为1~2mg/L左右时,采用曝气-搅拌交替运行方式处理EGSB出水,可以实现同步硝化反硝化,并且在曝气3h-搅拌1h交替运行条件下,NH4+-N、TN去除率分别为85.13%、58.57%,而最终COD去除率达到85%.     

基于pH调控的城市污泥厌氧发酵产酸小试研究

本研究设计了热碱预处理-半连续流厌氧发酵污泥处理工艺,探究了p H对热碱预处理污泥产酸性能的影响,同时对发酵液作为碳源回用于污水厂强化脱氮除磷进行了质量衡算.在30 L厌氧发酵罐中考察了偏中性(p H=6.5)和碱性(p H=10.0)条件下热碱预处理污泥发酵的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生及分布、蛋白质及碳水化合物的消耗和氮磷释放情况.结果表明,污泥热碱预处理-半连续流厌氧发酵工艺的VFA产量稳定,在p H为6.5和10.0的条件下,发酵罐中平均VFA产率分别为333.29 mg·g-1(以每g VS产生的COD(mg)计,下同)和250.64 mg·g-1,p H为6.5时产酸更稳定,且产量较高,但碱性条件更适合产乙酸.两种p H条件下的SCOD、溶解性蛋白质、溶解性多糖、氮和磷的释放都无较大差异.质量衡算结果表明,以处理量为50000 m3·d-1的城市污水处理厂为例,其产生的污泥经过热碱预处理-半连续流厌氧发酵产酸工艺,产生的VFA能够满足该污水处理厂脱氮除磷提标改造的碳源需求.     

污泥与秸秆共基质中温两相厌氧消化特性

以污泥和秸秆为共基质,以沼气产量、ρ（VFA）（VFA为挥发性脂肪酸）和COD_Cr去除率等为指标,探究污泥与秸秆配比（以COD_Cr计,质量比分别为1:0、1:1、2:1、3:1）对中温两相厌氧消化工艺运行效能的影响,以及最佳配比时SRT（污泥停留时间）对产甲烷相厌氧消化稳态特性的影响.结果表明:与污泥试验组相比,添加秸秆试验组的厌氧消化效能均较好;污泥与秸秆的最佳配比为2:1,该稳定状态下产酸相COD_Cr的去除率最高,为17.5%,ρ（VFA）为752 mg/L;产甲烷相COD_Cr的去除率为33.5%,ρ（VFA）为250 mg/L,产气量为47.7 mL/d,总体运行效能较高.在最佳污泥与秸秆配比（2:1）并设定产甲烷相反应器的SRT为20 d时,稳定状态下产甲烷相各组分的变化情况:COD_Cr去除率为41.20%,ρ（VFA）为238 mg/L,产气量为51.3 mL/d,沼气产率为8.4 mL/（d·g）.研究显示,当控制污泥与秸秆配比为2:1、SRT为20 d时,中温两相厌氧消化工艺运行效果良好.      

Performance evaluation of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treatment of paper mill wastewater

IntroductionInrecentyearsenergyconsiderationsandenvironmentalconcernshaveincreasedtheinterestindirectanaerobictreatmentofindustrialwastes.Theanaerobicmethodofwastetreatmentoffersunderthepresentcircumstancesanumberofsignificantadvantageswithlittleseriousorinsuperabledrawbacksoverothertreatmentmethods .Conventionalwastemanagementtechnologiescommonlyadoptedintropicalclimatesarenotonlyexpensivebutalsowarrantexactoperationandmaintenancerequirements .Mostofthedevelopingcountriessufferfromsevereenvir…     

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Biodegradability of terephthalic acid in terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater

As the characteristic pollutant,terephthalic acid(TA)was in charge of 40%-78% of the total COD of terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPW-water).The studies on biodegradability of TA were conducted in a serial of activated sludge reactors with TPW-water.TA appeared to be readily biodegradable with removal efficiency over 96.5% under aerobic conditions,hardly biodegradable with removal efficiency below 10% under anoxic conditions and slowly biodegradable with a turnover between 31.4% and 56.0% under anaerobic conditions. TA also accounted for the majority of BOD in TPW-water.The process combined by anoxic,anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge reactor was suitable for TA degradation and TPW-water treatment.Further, the aerobic process was essentially much more effective than the anaerobic or anoxic one to degrade TA in TPW-water.     

Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

改进型EGSB处理配置污水的小试研究

通过对不同上升流速下改进型EGSB和EGSB处理人工配置城市污水效果的比较研究,提出了一种更为有效的处理城市污水的反应器--改进型EGSB反应器,在上升流速为5.41m/h时,其出水的COD值稳定在60mg/L左右,出水SS明显要低于未改进的EGSB。同时还考察了运行期间改进型EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的胞外多聚物、辅酶变化等,在高的上升流速下,改进型EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥的胞外多聚物含量和辅酶F420含量比未改进EGSB中的要高。     

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from distillery wastewater by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes

Introduction D istillery w astew ater m ainly includes spent w ash, w hich is one of the m ost com plex, troublesom e industrial organic effluents. This kind of w astew ater has previously been treated aerobically after dilution w ith other w ash w aters.…     

腐殖酸影响剩余污泥厌氧消化过程实验研究

以实验室培养、几乎不含腐殖质和金属离子的剩余污泥作为研究对象,选择与市政污泥中腐殖酸特征相近的市售腐殖酸为外加填充物,实验研究污泥中所含腐殖质对污泥厌氧消化过程的抑制作用.通过设置腐殖酸不同投加比例(0、5%、10%、15%和20%,以VSS计),探究腐殖酸对厌氧消化不同过程的影响.实验结果表明,腐殖酸抑制厌氧消化生物气产气量.填加15%腐殖酸时对厌氧消化产气量抑制作用最为明显,较未添加腐殖酸对照组产气量下降了35%;但并未对生物气中CH_4体积比产生太大影响,说明抑制影响是对生物气整体性的.腐殖酸亦可抑制厌氧水解过程,投加20%腐殖酸实验组实验结束时残留于上清液中的溶解性多糖、蛋白质浓度分别是对照组的2.2和1.6倍.然而,腐殖酸作为外源电子受体,可以在一定程度上促进酸化过程,其程度在填加20%腐殖酸实验组表现最高,较对照组VFAs提高了11.3%.腐殖酸投加未对系统pH产生明显影响,各实验组pH值均在7.09~7.54间变化.     

pH值对化学－生物混合污泥厌氧发酵释磷的影响

以污水处理厂化学除磷工艺产生的常见化学磷(AlPO4和FePO4)沉淀为研究对象,考察了两种化学磷分别与剩余活性污泥(即生物污泥)混合厌氧发酵过程中化学磷和生物磷的释放情况.结果表明:在纯水中,AlPO4在强酸强碱条件下均能释出部分磷,FePO4只在强碱条件下才能溶解释磷.在(35±1)℃,不同pH值下将含AlPO4的混合污泥厌氧发酵时,强酸性厌氧发酵能释出较多的化学磷,但微生物活性被抑制,不利于发酵产酸;碱性发酵(pH=10~11)能释出28%~55%的化学磷,43%~49%的生物磷,总释磷量比中性条件下高17.5%~62.7%,同时利于发酵产酸,维持pH 10和11时产酸量分别比中性条件高233%和117%;对于含FePO4的混合污泥厌氧发酵,中性条件下即能释放FePO4中40%的磷和生物污泥中50%的磷,释磷量高于pH=11的碱性厌氧发酵释磷量.     

EGSB反应器中耦合厌氧氨氧化与甲烷化反硝化的研究

将好氧活性污泥接种于膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器中,经过120 d的启动运行,形成颗粒污泥.在启动好的EGSB反应器进水中添加亚硝酸盐和氨盐,反应器内温度控制在32～35 ℃,pH为7.5～8.3,氧化还原电位为-150～-40 mV;水力停留时间4.2 h,上升流速4.86 m/h,经过270 d运行,逐步富集和耦合产甲烷菌、反硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌.在进水ρ(COD_Cr)为500 mg/L,有机容积负荷速率为4.800 kg/(m3·d)(以COD_Cr计)和1.152 kg/(m3·d)(以N计)的条件下,出水ρ(COD_Cr)维持在80 mg/L以下;COD_Cr,氨氮,亚硝态氮和总氮去除率分别为85%, 35%, 99.9%和67%;其去除速率分别稳定在6.12,0.202,0.575和0.777 kg/(m3·d);其中氨氮和总氮的去除速率分别是传统活性污泥法硝化/反硝化(0.05 kg/(m3·d))的4和15.5倍. pH,温度,溶解氧,氧化还原电位,亚硝酸盐和COD_Cr对EGSB反应器中厌氧氨氧化与甲烷化反硝化的耦合和颗粒污泥的特性均有影响.      

剩余污泥与废弃油脂混合厌氧消化产气缓滞因素研究

通过完全混合式厌氧消化反应研究了底物中添加30%(以VS计)的厨余提取物,且底物与接种物的VS比为1.87时厌氧消化过程中产气迟滞的影响因素.结果表明,反应过程中氨氮含量小于500 mg·L^-1时,游离氨对比甲烷累积产气率基本没有影响.挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的富集及反应器酸化是影响产气缓滞的直接因素,VFAs中乙酸的大量累积使得反应器酸化严重,pH降至6.4,产生了10~15 d的产气迟滞,之后随着VFAs的降解和碱度的缓冲,产气恢复正常.完全混合式反应器在各个阶段出现的不同污泥颗粒体现了反应进行的不同阶段和反应的酸化情况.     

常温下EGSB反应器处理环氧树脂生产废水

在常温下研究利用EGSB反应器处理环氧树脂生产废水的启动运行。结果表明：水力负荷和污泥负荷是影响EGSB反应器处理效果的重要参数,水力负荷在0.8～3 m/h,进水COD浓度在2500～7500 mg/L的范围内,COD的去除率在80%以上;运行时反应器内的污泥负荷稳定在0.4 kgCOD/（kgSS·d）左右,通过提高水力负荷,有利于污泥的生长;污泥经过启动驯化后能够适应EGSB反应器的运行条件。     

蒸汽爆破对污泥和餐厨垃圾联合厌氧消化的促进效果

鉴于蒸汽爆破（简称"汽爆"）预处理对污泥和餐厨垃圾联合厌氧消化的影响还鲜有报道,为探讨汽爆预处理对污泥和餐厨垃圾联合中温厌氧消化的促进效果及经济可行性,利用小型发酵罐在35℃下开展了未预处理污泥和餐厨垃圾联合消化、汽爆污泥单独消化、汽爆污泥和餐厨垃圾联合消化的试验,并进行能耗分析.结果表明,未预处理污泥与餐厨垃圾联合消化阶段,VS（挥发性固体）去除率为33.9%,沼气产率为311.0 mL/g（以投料VS计）;汽爆污泥单独消化阶段,VS去除率和沼气产率均略高于未预处理污泥与餐厨垃圾联合消化阶段,但反应器ρ（NH₄+-N）过高,影响产气稳定性,沼气φ（CH₄）较低.汽爆污泥与餐厨垃圾联合消化阶段,VS去除率和沼气产率分别达到49.5%和420.5 mL/g,显著优于未预处理联合消化阶段.能耗分析表明,预处理的升温过程使汽爆预处理整体能耗偏高,但若能有效回收70%的热量,则汽爆预处理可提高污泥-餐厨垃圾联合中温厌氧消化工艺3.34 kW·h/t（以污泥量计）的能量产率.研究显示,汽爆预处理可提高污泥和餐厨垃圾联合中温厌氧消化工艺35.2%的沼气产率,但由于预处理能耗较高,预处理过程中热能的有效回收是汽爆预处理应用于污泥和餐厨垃圾联合中温厌氧消化经济可行的关键.      

70℃高温水解/厌氧/好氧/BAC工艺处理高浓度有机废水

采用70℃高温水解酸化、高温厌氧、高温好氧、高温生物活性碳(BAC)组合工艺,对玉米深加工行业的高温工艺废水进行分相与分段处理研究,分别对COD、VFA、氨基酸等的去除处理效果进行研究和评价,在高温条件下完成高温高浓度有机废水的处理并达到回用热水、节能目的.结果表明:组合工艺系统对高浓度有机废水COD总去除率达到99.62%,VFA和氨基酸均为100%,出水COD<50mg/L,达到中水回用COD标准值,其中水解酸化相COD去除率占总去除率的49.7%,产甲烷相占33.7%,好氧段占14.5%,BAC段占1.1%;厌氧段占VFA总去除的56%,好氧段为21.2%,BAC段为21.8%;厌氧段占氨基酸总去除的34.8%,好氧段占62%,BAC段占3%.其中水解酸化有机负荷达到36.2kg/(m³·d).高温好氧和BAC组合工艺进水COD 3 500mg/L条件下,COD去除率仍能达到95.8%.整个系统运行平稳,抗冲负荷强,各段出水pH均在6.6～7.5之间波动.     

厌氧反应器中污泥迅速颗粒化研究

以实验室规模的厌氧膨胀污泥床反应器(简称EGSB)内的活性污泥为研究对象，主要讨论影响活性污泥迅速颗粒化的因素，以加快絮状污泥的颗粒化进程。采用对比的实验方法，分别在反应器内加入小球藻和活性炭为载体进行对照实验。结果表明，小球藻和活性炭的加入在迅速提高COD去除率，污泥粒径增大和增强颗粒污泥沉降性方面有明显优势，胞外多聚物的含量均比接种时和对照实验中的相关数据有明显增加，颗粒污泥表面以产甲烷丝状菌和杆状菌为主。小球藻和活性炭的加入有助于加快活性污泥的颗粒化进程。     

微氧厌氧工艺处理糖蜜酒精废水的现场试验研究

利用EGSB反应器处理某酒精厂糖蜜酒精废水,调试过程中向反应器内加入培养好的无色硫细菌污泥颗粒,并利用进水曝气带入的少量氧气使其处于微氧状态,经过3个月左右的现场试验结果表明:当进水pH值为7.5、温度为40℃、COD浓度为15 000～25 000mg/L时,出水的pH值为7.0、温度为33℃、COD浓度为3 000～4 000mg/L,COD的去除率达80%～85%,产沼气量为4 800m3/d,且每月可节约5.6t燃煤。     

EGSB反应器在20℃下处理啤酒废水的工艺及微生物学研究

在20℃下连续运行厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器,对其处理模拟啤酒废水的工艺运行、污泥特性及微生物种群结构进行研究,结果表明:①HRT为18 h,经184 d的运行,EGSB反应器的有机负荷(以COD计)可达10 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率为85%以上,去除1 kg COD可产沼气0.58 m3;②随有机负荷逐渐提高,颗粒污泥粒径逐渐增大,沉降性能逐渐提高,但当负荷达到10 kg/(m3·d)时,颗粒污泥平均粒径有变小趋势;与中温厌氧污泥相比,低温污泥的胞外多聚物(ECP)总量有较大增加,其中蛋白质含量增加明显;③与接种污泥相比,在20℃下运行不同时期污泥中产甲烷菌的种类未发生明显变化,但接种同样颗粒污泥在15℃下运行6个月后污泥中的优势产甲烷菌种发生了明显的变化.