辽宁省危险废物排放现状与污染控制战略

结合辽宁省危险废物排放现状，提出辽宁省危险废物污染控制战略。建立全省危险废物管理与登记交换中心，建设省级危险废物安全填埋处置中心、危险废物焚烧中心、省级危险废物污染事故预警系统。提出全省医疗废物处置设施建设布局和技术路线选择方案、硼泥和铬渣处置技术路线。在大城市或经济较发达城市，可采取回转炉方法集中焚烧医疗废物，而运输半径之外偏远山区或经济欠发达城市可采用高温灭菌方法处置本辖区内的医疗废物。硼泥、铬渣则优先采用资源化技术进行处置。     

铬渣的危害与解毒技术

本文介绍了铬渣的产生过程和主要成分,以及我国铬渣的产生和污染现状;介绍了化学处理法、物理/化学法、熔烧法和固化/稳定化处理法等铬渣解毒技术原理;概括了目前国内主要的铬渣综合利用方式.     

铬渣作水泥矿化剂的经济及环境效应分析

铬渣的处理利用一直是铬盐行业和固体污染物处理的难点，本文介绍了用铬渣作水泥矿化剂处理铬渣这种新方法的原理，并进行了经济和环境效应分析，结果表明用铬渣作水泥矿化剂确实是一种很好的处理铬渣的方法。     

声音

"云南曲靖铬渣非法转移倾倒并非偶然事件,其暴露出中国在危险废物监管方面存在突出问题。未来,环保部将‘出重拳、用重典’,通过建立危险废物污染责任终身追究制等一系列手段,遏制全国危险废物环境污染事件高发态势。"——环境保护部副部长张力军表示,今年以来,中国连续发生多起危险废物非法转移倾倒事件,严重威胁环境安全,损害人民群众身体健康,将对污染者终身追责。     

用铬渣生产水泥消除铬渣毒性的研究

本文提出了一种通过以粉煤灰（或煤矸石）、石灰石、铬渣、Ａ渣为原料煅烧新型低温水泥的方法去除铬渣毒性；进行了去除铬渣毒性稳定性试验；讨论了去除铭渣毒性的机理和影响去除铬渣毒性的因素；试验结果表明，该法去除铬渣毒性彻底，社会效益及经济效益显著，是处理铬渣的一种有效方法。     

用铬渣生产水泥消除铬消毒性的研究

本文提出了一种通过以粉煤灰（或煤矸石），石灰石，铬渣，Ａ渣为原料煅炼新型低温水泥的方法去除儿渣毒性，进行了去除铬渣毒性稳定性试验，讨论了除铬渣毒性的机理和影响去除铬渣毒性的因素，试验结果表明，该法去除铬渣毒性彻底，社会效益及经济效益显著，是处理铬渣的一种有效方法。     

铬渣处理处置技术研究进展

介绍了国内外铬渣处理处置技术的研究现状,并对各种处理处置技术的解毒机理、工艺条件及过程、优缺点、以及实践应用状况进行了分析.     

铬渣湿法和干法解毒技术的应用对比

通过对国内典型铬渣处理的项目进行分析,并结合某铬渣污染治理工程实例,从反应机理、解毒工艺、工艺适应性、资源回收利用、设备选型、处理规模、场址选择、污染控制及安全生产和经济性方面对铬渣湿法解毒和干法解毒技术在实际应用中的选择进行对比,为该项目提出了更适合的解毒技术。     

铬渣湿法解毒技术

正由河南金谷实业发展有限公司开发的铬渣湿法解毒技术,适用于铬渣及铬污染物处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理将铬渣或含铬污染物湿化研磨后,利用酸性介质将其中的酸溶性六价铬、水溶性六价铬完全转移至液相中,然后再投入还原药剂将液相中的六价铬还原至三价铬,并沉淀固定在工艺残渣中,实现铬渣及含铬污染物的无害化处置。二、技术关键全过程采用湿式液相处置工艺,用较大量的酸和还原剂,使酸溶和水溶六价铬全部还原。典型规模处理量500t/d。     

危险废物焚烧中污染防治的过程控制

危险废物焚烧污染防治的重点在烟气的处理上,一般情况下烟气处理的能力是固定不变的,但焚烧系统焚烧的危险废物是千差万别的,产生的烟气中污染物浓度也是变化很大的,如果不优化废料配给等系统,很难保证烟气经处理后能达标排放。因此危险废物焚烧中污染防治是一个系统工程,需要焚烧过程中各个环节优化控制。本文以一德国企业的危险废物焚烧设备为例,详细论述在编写焚烧日计划、焚烧系统、热能利用系统和烟气处理系统等各环节的污染防治的过程控制。     

浅析含油污泥处理中石油烃控制指标

石油烃含量是含油污泥处理中必不可少的重要控制指标。文章分析了含油污泥中石油烃组成及主要污染控制要求,介绍了国内外含油污泥处置对石油烃含量的控制现状;依据危险废物鉴别标准的相关规定,以及对原油中芳香族化合物及其多环芳烃含量的研究成果,对采用石油烃指标进行危险废物鉴别做了推论计算。结果认为:含油污泥等固体废物及其处理残余物的石油烃含量≤0.25%,不属于危险废物;石油烃含量介于0.25%～1.7%时,其是否属于危险废物,最终需要进行危险废物鉴别而确定;石油烃含量1.7%,则属于危险废物。     

制药行业药渣污泥干化工艺研究

通过对南阳市危废处置中心药渣污泥干化系统的研究,设计了一套有效的干化系统,使药渣污泥的含水率从75%～80%干化至含水率20%,为药渣污泥进一步减量化、无害化和资源化处理提供更多的可能。系统配套有效的尾气处理系统,使该项目废气排放指标达到《工业炉窑大气污染物排放标准》(GB9078-96)以及《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB14554-93)中的相关要求。     

Hazardous wastes transboundary movement management: a case study in Taiwan

More than 50,000 tons of hazardous waste are imported and exported worldwide each year. Over 50% of hazardous waste is exported to Southeast Asia, of which leather waste is the major component. The exportation quantities of hazardous waste to Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries are decreasing while they are on the increase to non-OECD countries. Some of these wastes are intended for recycling purposes but the usage of some others is not stipulated. The hazardous waste importation quantity kept fairly steady from 1997 to 2000, of which ash or residues containing copper or copper compounds were the major component. Under existing regulations and measures, the transboundary movement of hazardous waste cannot be effectively controlled and monitored. In order to ensure environmentally sound hazardous waste management, EPA-Taiwan revised the Waste Disposal Act in 2001 and cooperated with the Industrial Development Bureau (IDB) to promote industrial waste reduction and recycling projects. Strategies were proposed based on evaluation according to the 3Es Principles and the site investigation in this study.     

Heavy metal removal and cyanide destruction in the metal plating industry: an integrated approach from egypt

Wastewater produced from a metal plating is a major environmental problem. Industrial auditing revealed that the main source of pollution mainly originated from rinsing water. The characterization of final effluent showed that it is highly contaminated with hazardous heavy metals and cyanide. The concentration of copper, hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cyanide in the rinsing water of metal plating department was 14.8, 40.9, 13.3, and 19 mg/l, respectively. The concentration of cyanide and zinc from the galvanizing department reached 60 and 80 mg/l. The remediation scheme included the application of in-plant control measures via changing the rinsing process followed by the destruction of cyanide and reduction of hexavalent chromium bearing wastes. The pretreated wastes were then mixed with other industrial wastes prior to a combined chemical coagulation-sedimentation using lime and/or lime in combination with ferric chloride. The results indicated that, after applying the waste minimization measures alone at the source, prior to final treatment of industrial waste, removal rates of cyanide, copper, nickel, and chromium concentrations were 23.2%, 14.9%, 32.3%, and 55.3%, respectively in the rinse water from metal plating department. Furthermore, the removal rates of cyanide and zinc in the galvanizing department reached 59.7% and 24.3. The integrated control measures and treatment scheme led to more than 99% removal of copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc, while the complete removal of cyanide was achieved in the final effluent.     

基于物联网的杭州市危险废物智能监管平台设计与应用

为满足危险废物监管各种业务管理工作的需求,开展物联网技术在危险废物产生、转移、处置等过程中应用的研究,设计基于物联网技术的危险废物智能监管平台,建成由管理部门门户、产废单位门户、运输单位门户、处置单位门户等四大门户统领,危废监督管理系统、电子联单系统、GIS监控管理系统、污泥刷卡转运管理系统、危废视频监控系统、固废超市管理系统等六大系统组建的统一管理平台,在传统管理模式的基础上,以业务需求结合先进的物联网、移动互联、二维码、NFC、GPS等技术,创新性地形成"移动端电子联单模式、GPRS监管预警模式、IC卡刷卡转运模式、固废超市微循环管理模式"四大管理模式,实现涉危单位内部微循环管理,转运过程多手段监控,让危险废物从最初产生到最终处置的全过程业务流程呈现精细化、实时化的全闭环管理,实现对危险废物从"摇篮"到"坟墓"的全过程跟踪,并以此为基础建立一支业务处理迅速、信息统计分析及时、办事高效、危废监管全面的信息化管理队伍,为环保部门真实、细致、及时、动态地掌握危险废物的转移情况提供技术手段,为领导决策提供辅助支持。     

Animal Burrowing Attributes Affecting Hazardous Waste Management

/ Animal burrowing is critical to the formation of soils and contributes to the interface between geological materials and organic life. It also influences the management of hazardous materials at nuclear waste facilities and elsewhere. For example, residues and waste products from the production of nuclear weapons are released onto the ground surface and within engineered burial structures. Soil bioturbation has exposed radionuclides and other hazardous materials to wind and rain, thereby risking inhalation and injury to humans and wildlife on and off site. Soil bioturbation can expand soil depths and spatial distributions of the source term of hazardous waste, potentially increasing chronic exposures to wildlife and humans over the long term. Ample evidence indicates that some of the large quantities of hazardous materials around the world have been released from soil repositories, where they have also contaminated and harmed biota. Key burrowing parameters influencing these outcomes include the catalog of resident species, and their abundance, typical burrow volumes (void space created by soil displacement), burrow depth profiles, maximum depth of excavation, constituents and structural qualities of excavated soil mounds, and proportion of the ground covered by excavated soil. Other important parameters include rate of mound construction, depth of den chambers, and volume of burrow backfill. Soil bioturbation compromised the integrity of some hazardous waste management systems using soil, but the environmental impact remains largely unknown. Designers and operators of waste management facilities, as well as risk assessors, need to understand how burrowing animals influence hazardous waste storage.KEY WORDS: Burrowing; Environmental impact; Radioactivity; Risk; Soil bioturbation; Hazardous waste     

Leaching of carbonated air pollution control residues using compliance leaching tests

The leaching characteristics of air pollution control (APC) residues collected in Shanghai, China, were compared by performing three compliance leaching tests. These were the standard Chinese method for determining the leaching toxicity of solid waste (GB 5086.1-1997), the USEPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the new European shake test (EN 12457-3). In particular, behaviors of raw samples and samples that had been subjected to natural aging were compared. Both the leaching tests and natural aging substantially affected the leaching results concerning the APC residue samples. Most importantly, EN and GB tests classified the raw APC residues as hazardous, but the residues passed the TCLP test as nonhazardous. After it had been naturally aged for 720 h, however, the aged sample was classified as hazardous by the TCLP and EN tests, but as nonhazardous by the GB test. Metals that are thought to have been immobilized by carbonation were released at pH 6.3. Model calculations based on the geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2 revealed that the formation of metal carbonates did not correspond to the noted change in the leaching behaviors in the three leaching tests. Rather, the partial neutralization of alkaline ash by dissolved CO2 changing the final pH of the leachate dominated the leaching characteristics. The leaching results showed a change in leachate pH.     

天津市危险废物的现状及管理研究

本文介绍了天津市危险废物的种类、数量等现状,分析了管理过程中存在的问题。通过对天津市危险废物处理处置状况的研究,希望能为今后的研究者和相关管理者提供有益的参考。