液膜法处理含酚废水的研究

本文研究了蓝１１３Ｂ－煤油－ＮａＯＨ液膜体系处理苯酚废水的最佳操作条件，并对高浓度含酚废水（浓度５％以上）进行了二级处理，实验结果表明，除酚效率可达９９％以上。对内相ＮａＯＨ的最佳浓度的确定也给出了估算方法。     

磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对苯酚的络合萃取

基于可逆络合反应的萃取分离方法对极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性.本文系统进行了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对苯酚稀溶液的络合萃取的实验研.负载有机相的红外谱图分析表明,TBP与苯酚通过氢键缔合形成萃合物.以TBP-煤油为萃取剂对工业含酚废水进行了萃取平衡和错流萃取实验.讨论了其应用的可能性及开发新的有效的络合萃取剂的途径.     

磷酸三丁醌（TBP）对苯酚的络合萃取

基于可逆络合反应的萃取分离方法极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性，本文系统进行了磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）对苯酚稀溶液的络合萃取的实验研究，负载有机相的红外谱图分析表明，ＴＢＰ与苯酚通过氢键缔合形成萃合物，以ＴＢＰ－煤油为萃取剂对工业含酚废水进行了萃取平衡和错流萃取实验，讨论了其应用的可能性及开发新的有效的络合萃取剂的途径。     

协同—络合萃取法回收含酚废水中的酚类

在现有的各种收处理高浓度含酚废水的方法中，溶剂萃取法最为有效，但现有常用脱酚萃取剂分别存在着萃取效能低等诸多缺点，萃残液中一般尚存有几十至几百ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１的酚类，本文提出了协同－络合萃取法，并按该法原理研制ＨＣ－１－ＨＣ－４四类新型协同－络合萃取剂，其中ＨＣ－３和ＨＣ－４对苯酚稀溶液的萃取平衡常数分别为ＫＨＣ－３＝６１２．４和ＫＨＣ４＝４８３．７，单级萃取可将两组中高浓度的含酚废水中酚浓度降至１     

Na2CO3／H2O2“稳定”的CO2的型体研究（Ⅱ）：“稳定性二氧化氯”溶液的UV？…

本文对以稳定剂Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３与ＣｌＯ２制备的所谓“稳定性二氧化氯”溶液的ＵＶ吸收光谱、纸层析特性、微观结构及离子色谱进行了分析，并与纯ＮａＣｌＯ３及ＣｌＯ２溶液做了对比。     

二氯苯在盐水溶液中活度系数的研究

本文采用紫外分光光度法测定了２５．００±０．００１℃下间位和对位二氯苯在ＨＣＯＯＮａ,ＣＨ３ｃＯＯＮａ,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４,ＭｇＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＳＯ４水溶液中活度系数（ｆ）,它们的ｌｇｆ－Ｃ关系符合Ｓｅｔｓｃｈｎｏｗ盐效应公式。     

正辛醇萃取苯酚稀溶液的特性研究

为探索工业含酚废水处理的适宜萃取剂，进行了正辛醇萃取苯酚稀溶液的实验研究，测定了不同pH值和苯酚初始浓度条件下的萃取平衡数据，萃残液CODCr值，分析了萃残液中CODCr值的来源。综合考虑萃取剂的萃取能力和产生的CODCr值，提出了酸性和中性溶液为正辛醇处理苯酚废水的适宜操作条件。以正辛醇为萃取剂对工业含酚废水进行了错流萃取实验，论证了其应用的可行性。     

Na2CO3／H2O2“稳定”的CO2的型体研究（Ⅰ）：“稳定性二氧化氯”溶液中氯？…

本文并以稳定剂Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３与ＣｌＯ２制备的所谓“稳定性二氧化氯”溶液中ＣｌＯ２存在型体及碳酸盐存在型进行了分析。     

雨水中S（Ⅳ）的离子色谱分析及其保护方法的研究

本文研究了用离子色谱法分析雨水中Ｓ（Ⅳ）的色谱条件和含Ｓ（Ⅳ）样品的保存方法，采用ＨＰＩＣ＿ＡＳＡ分离柱、用２ｍｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１Ｎａ２ＣＯ３／３ｍｍｏｌ．ｌ＾０１ＮａＯＨ溶液作淋洗液、０．０１２５ｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１Ｈ２ＳＯ４为再生液、电导检测的方法，具有无干扰和灵敏度高等优点，而且在Ｓ（Ⅵ）的浓度秋－２８μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１范围内，其浓度与响应值之间呈现出良好的线性关系，其线性相关系数在０．９９９５以上     

Al（Ⅲ）与Fe（Ⅲ）溶液洪聚合研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＦｅＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ混合溶液通过滴加ＮａＯＨ溶液的方法制备了不同Ａｌ／Ｆｅ摩尔比，下同）和不同「ＯＨ」／「Ａｌ＋Ｆｅ」值的共聚物，测定了聚合过程和熟化过程中的ＰＨ值变化。并对不同碱化放熟化时间下的聚合物进行了混凝效能实验。     

液膜法处理硫普罗宁废水的研究

采用W／O型乳状液膜法提取水溶液中的硫普罗宁,考察了载体、温度、硫普罗宁浓度以及油内比、试剂比、乳水比对提取率的影响,并得出了液膜法提取硫普罗宁的最佳乳液配方：油内比＝1：1,乳水比＝1：2,试剂比＝6－8,载体浓度＝5％,温度20℃,转速＝240－250r.min^-1,其提取率高达90％。     

乳状液膜法分离提取醋酸的模拟试验

研究了LMS－2－煤油－NaOH液膜体系处理醛酸水溶液的最佳操作条件，讨论了表面活性剂浓度、搅拌速度、试剂比、油内比及乳水比对提取率的影响，得出了制乳的最佳稳定条件，提取率可达96％以上。     

乳化液膜法提取苯酚的动力学研究

研究了以双丁二烯亚胺－煤油作膜相,ＮａＯＨ溶液为内水相的乳化液膜提取苯的动力学特性,测定了膜相与内外水相组成,搅拌速度,温度对提取速率的影响,得出了提取速率规律。     

Modeling of Ce（IV） transport through a dispersion flat combined liquid membrane with carrier P507

A mathematical model for the transport of Ce （IV） from hydrochloric acid solutions through dispersion flat combined liquid membrane （DFCLM） with contain 2- ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester （P507） as the carrier, dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution have been studied. This process of facilitated transport, based on membrane technology, is a variation on the conventional technique of solvent extraction and may be described mathematically using Fick＇s second law. The equations for transport velocity are derived considering the diffusion of P507 and its metallic complexes through the liquid membrane. In this work, the system is considered to be in a transient state, and chemical reaction between Ce（IV） and the carrier to take place only at the solvent-aqueous interfaces. Model concentration profiles are obtained for the Ce（IV）, from which extraction velocities are predicted. The experimental and simulated Ce（IV） extractions showed similar tendencies for a high Ce （IV） concentration and acidity case.The model results indicate that high initial Ce（IV） concentrations and acidity both have detrimental effects on Ce（IV） extraction and stripping. The diffusion coefficient of Ce（IV） in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase are obtained and the values are 6.31 × 10-8m2·s-1 and 31.2 μm, respectively. The results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

炼焦污水零排放技术初探

本文介绍了炼焦污水零排小试结果,试验中采用新型大孔吸附树脂脱酚,蒸汽汽提脱氨,处理后的污水用作熄焦补充水.试验证明该零排放方案是可行的.     

Removal of lead from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite/manganese dioxide composite

A novel composite adsorbent, hydroxyapatite/manganese dioxide (HAp/MnO₂), has been developed for the purpose of removing lead ions from aqueous solutions. The combination of HAp with MnO₂ is meant to increase its adsorption capacity. Various factors that may affect the adsorption efficiency, including solution pH, coexistent substances such as humic acid and competing cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), initial solute concentration, and the duration of the reaction, have been investigated. Using this composite adsorbent, solution pH and coexistent calcium or magnesium cations were found to have no significant influence on the removal of lead ions under the experimental conditions. The adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 769 mg·g⁻¹. The sorption processes obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The experimental results indicate that HAp/MnO₂ composite may be an effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions.     

Interrelation of Cd‐lon concentrations and the growth and activities of microorganisms in two growth media†

Partitioning of native or anthropogenic heavy metals in solid and solution phases of soil is a result of network of several physico‐chemical reactions. The attainment of equilibrium between two phases is also regulated by biochemical processes. For practical purposes, the bioavailability of metal present in soil is predominantly regulated by the soil solution phase which is in dynamic equilibrium with the solid phase. The results of a model laboratory and greenhouse growth experiments have been used to investigate the effect of Cd‐ion concentrations (either in soil solution or in nutrient solution) on the growth and activities of microorganisms. The soil solution has been simulated by preparing a suspension of soil with 0.1 M NaNO₃ (1: 2.5) equilibrated for two hours. Important conclusions are as follows:

Increase in Cd‐ion concentration in soil solution or in nutrient solution induces corresponding adverse effect on the growth and activities of microorganisms. Thus, it seems that Cd‐ion concentration is a more sensitive indicator for assessing the effect of metal pollution upon the growth and activities of soil microorganisms in comparison to total Cd contents.

During active microbial growth phase, a large part of the organically bound Cd was released in the soil solution which is largely bioavailable. This process is termed as mobilisation. There was momentary increase of Cd‐ion concentration in soil solution which intoxicated the growing organisms. After this stage, the Cd ions from the solution phase were removed by the newly formed solid phase (nonviable biomass) and were transformed in non‐available form. This process is termed as immobilisation.

The consequences and importance of these results for practical agriculture and in deciding the limits or guidelines on the maximum tolerable metal load in soils are discussed.     

Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

In this study, the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on phenol was investigated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters like PAC type, PAC dose, initial solution pH, temperature and pre-oxidation on the adsorption of phenol by PAC and establish the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isothermal models. The results indicated that PAC adsorption is an effective method to remove phenol from water, and the effects of all the five factors on adsorption of phenol were significant. The adsorption rate of phenol by PAC was rapid, and more than 80% phenol could be absorbed by PAC within the initial 10 min. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant amounted to 0.0313, 0.0305 and 0.0241 mg·μg ^-1·min ^-1 with coal, coconut shell and bamboo charcoal. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model gave the best correlation with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy (?G^o), enthalpy (?H^o) and entropy (?S^o) obtained in this study indicated that the adsorption of phenol by PAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing.