纤维栅洗涤器除尘脱硫实验台的设计和研究

设计了一台纤维橱洗涤器除尘脱硫实验台,通过实验发现该洗涤器的较优工作参数为：截面风速（16～18）m／s,吸收液pH值10—12．5,液气比（0．4-0．75）L／m2;本实验台除尘脱硫一体化,除尘效率95．34％,脱硫效率可达95％;其阻力小能耗少,单位体积风量的能量消耗仅为其他除尘器的27％～38％。     

2001年8-11月国内安全事故数据

统计了2001年8－11月国内发生的各种安全事故起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒等。统计表明,在660起事故中,矿业事故最多,占66．7％,平均每天3．7起事故,其次是交通事故（15．0％）、爆炸事故（9．1％）、其他事故（4．8％）、毒物泄露和中毒（2．4％）、火灾（2．0％）。660起事故共死亡1704人,伤2754人,死亡人数的百分比分别为矿业事故53．4％、交通事故33．9％、爆炸事故6．0％、其他事故4．9％、泄露中毒1．2％、火灾0．6％;受伤人数的百分比分别为泄露中毒46．5％、交通事故32．7％、爆炸事故11．3％、矿业事故5．8％、其他事故3．4％、火灾0．3％。     

锅炉管板事故原因分析与预防措施

（1）概况 某单位1台生产型号为WNS2．8—1．25／95／70-Y（Q）湿背式三回程锅炉，在投入运行的第3个供暖期回燃室（燃尽室）管板发生裂纹、泄漏事故，随即停炉。经现场检验和表面探伤，该高温管板出现2处孔桥裂纹，裂纹由焊趾处引发向管板孔桥区扩展，长度均约8．0mm，深度较浅，约0．3mm，裂纹端部呈圆钝形，2根烟管管端裂纹泄漏，锅炉受压件内部结水垢，腐蚀现象较严重，水垢厚度在（2．0-4．0）mm，管板和烟管水侧水垢达3．0mm，覆盖率80％。     

常见有毒化学品资料卡

二氧化硫（SO2）英文名称：Sulfurdioxide通用或商品名称：亚硫酸配一、理化特性外观气味：无色气体或液体，有刺激性气味。相对密度：蒸气2．264（OT）；液体1．434（0）熔点：－75．5℃沸点：IO℃蒸气压：313．6IkPa（2．IT）溶解性：17．7％水（0℃），11．9％（15℃），8．5％（25t），6．4％（35t）。25％乙醇；32％甲醇。溶于氯仿、醚、乙酸、硫酸。中等度溶于苯、丙酮、四氯化碳。危险性：与水或蒸气反应产生有毒的和腐蚀性的气体。二、对人体危害急性中泰表现二氧化硫对眼和呼吸道粘膜有强烈的刺激作用。液体对皮肤、粘膜有腐…     

电感耦台等离子体发射光谱法测定锅炉水中硫、磷

本文对利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP--AES）测定锅炉水中硫、磷含量的方法进行了探讨。对射频功率、泵速、雾化器流量和观察高度等仪器条件进行了优化选择,考察了检测方法的准确度和精密度。硫、磷的方法检出限分别为0．035mg／L、0．089mg／L,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=9）为0．52％～0．69％。     

2001年4-7月国内安全事故数据

统计了发生在2001年4－7月的国内安全事故408起,包括矿业事故,交通事故,爆炸事故,火灾,毒物泄漏和中毒,建筑事故等。统计分析表明,在这些事故中,矿业事故245起,占60．0％,平均每天2起,其次是交通事故（16．4％）,爆炸事故（10．8％）,毒物泄漏和中毒（4．4％）,建筑事故（3．9％）,火灾（3．2％）,408起事故共死亡1735人,伤2320人,死亡人数的百分比分别为矿业事故60．3％,交通事故18．3％,爆炸事故8．4％,其他事故5．8％,建筑事故4．2％,火灾2．8％,泄漏中毒0．2％,受伤人数的百分比分别为泄漏中毒28．1％,交通事故19．8％,矿业事故17．2％,火灾14．1％,爆炸事故13．9％,建筑事故5．8％,其他事故1．1％。     

常见有毒化学品资料卡

苯（C6G6）英文名称：Benzene一、理化特性外观气味：透明无色液体相对密度：蒸气2．77；液态0．878715T／4℃）熔点：5．51℃沸点：80．093℃－80．094℃闪点：－11．11℃（CC）自燃点：562．22℃蒸气压：13．33kPa（2．1℃）爆炸极限：下限：1．4％，上限：8．0％溶解性：0．laplop水（25℃），与醇、氯仿、醚、二流化碳、丙国、油类、四氯化碳、冰乙酸混淆。危险性：通热或明火易着火，能与氧化物如BrFS、Cb、CIu、Q、乙、高氨酸盐、o0、（川Cb＋mlQ）、（0at十高锰酸盐）、（抑qo十醋酸）、N＆Q发生强烈反应。苯蒸气接触明火时…     

正己烷危害与防护

1正己烷物理特性 正己烷（n—hexane）,别名己烷,有微弱的特殊气味的无色挥发性液体,属饱和脂肪烃类,其分子式为C6H14;相对密度：（水=1）0．66;（空气=1）2．97。正己烷熔点－95．3℃,沸点68．74℃;不溶于水,可与乙醚、氯仿混溶,溶于丙酮,在乙醇中的溶解度为100份乙醇溶解50份正己烷（33℃）。     

矿工个体变量与安全认识水平的关系研究

使用中国矿业大学安全管理研究所设计的安全认识测量量表（SCSS）,抽样调查某矿关于38个安伞相关问题的认识,并将统计结果与事故经历、年龄、工龄、文化程度和职务等5个体变量因素进行分析。结果发现安全管理部门员工的总体安全认识水平比生产区队高（Sig．=0．006）,年龄越大、工龄越长员工的总体安全认识水平也越高（Sig．分别为0．050和0．017）,没有工伤经历比有过工伤经历的员对安全相关问题的看法更积极（Sig．=0．042）,而文化程度、职务等变量对总体安全认识水平的影响则没有达到显著程度（Sig．分别为0．566和0．067）。论文所揭示的变量与安全认识的关系,有助于相关研究的深入。     

军用浸渍活性炭中银含量测定方法——火焰原子吸收分光光度法

本研究建立了一种用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定浸渍活性炭中银含量的分析方法，对酸介质浓度、共存元素的干扰进行了探讨，在0—1．0ml沪范围内，银含量与吸光度呈线性关系，相关系数为0．9999。对09型浸渍活性炭标准物质进行测定，测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．191％（n=10），加标回收率为97．5％-101．4％。     

Effects of Ergorest® Arm Supports on Muscle Strain and Wrist Positions During the Use of the Mouse and Keyboard in Work With Visual Display Units: A Work Site Intervention

The effects of Ergorest^® arm supports on wrist angles and musculoskeletal strain in the neck-shoulder-arm region and electrical activity in the shoulder and arm muscles were studied during typing or the use of the mouse in work with a visual display unit (VDU). Twenty-one women were randomized into 3 groups (1 arm support, 2 arm supports, and control). Measurements were carried out before and after the 6-week intervention. The wrist extension of the mouse hand, the muscle activity of the trapezius muscle, and the subjective discomfort ratings indicated that 2 arm supports were better than 1 in work with a mouse. The Ergorest^® arm support alleviates muscle and joint strain in VDU work when used for both arms.     

Perceived Discomfort and Electromyographic Activity of the Upper Trapezius While Working at a VDT Station

Ten female participants performed work at a video display terminal (VDT) station over a whole working day. Subjective local muscular fatigue was evaluated by means of the Category Ratio 10 scale. Electromyographic activity of the upper right and left trapezius was measured. A comparison was made between 5 participants who had previous complaints and 5 participants who reported no musculoskeletal problems in the shoulder-neck region. The subjective scores for the shoulder differed significantly between the two groups, being higher for the group with complaints. Both groups showed a decrease in discomfort after the lunch break. The activity of the trapezius increased significantly for both groups, in a more pronounced way for the group with disorders. Although it is found in literature that VDT work is a task with very low static loads, it seems from this study that the EMG activity increase can be an indication of muscle fatigue: More effort was required to accomplish the same VDT task at the end of the day.     

The effect of an ergonomic intervention on musculoskeletal, psychosocial and visual strain of VDT data entry work: the Norwegian part of the international study.

The Norwegian MEPS (musculoskeletal--visual--psychosocial--stress) study included 3 groups: data entry, data dialogue (female) and data dialogue (male). Before intervention, the data entry group reported significantly more symptoms and signs of musculoskeletal illness and had longer periods in front of the video display terminal (VDT) without a break. The ergonomic intervention consisted mainly of ergonomic information and training. After intervention, the data dialogue female group reported a significant reduction in shoulder pain in parallel with a reduction in trapezius load. Increasing the understanding in how to adjust the work stand and chair may have been contributing factors to reducing the pain level. There was a significant reduction in eye problems in all groups; the greatest reduction in eye symptoms was seen in the groups who had new optometric corrections.     

视屏作业人员慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的调查研究

２３２名微机操作人员的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤表现为肩、颈、下背的酸痛和肩疲劳，与对照组比差异显著。手、腕及上肢的慢性损伤虽较对照组高，但无统计学意义。这与他们的击键次数相对较少（每日１００００次左右），但需长期间保持低头及向前弯腰的坐位姿势及工作台面太高等因素有关     

A comparative assessment of the impact of different occupations on workers' static musculoskeletal fitness.

An ergonomic assessment of the involvement of static muscular forces like back strength, grip strength and pinch strength in different occupations was made. A study was conducted on 45 normal adult males (15 subjects per group) which included video display terminal (VDT) operators, industrial workers and safety inspectors. Their maximum back strength, handgrip strength and pinch strength were measured with dynamometers. The observed values of back strength were significantly lower in VDT operators while significantly higher in safety inspectors and moderate in industrial workers. The values of grip strength and pinch strength of all sample groups were more or less similar. The findings clearly indicate that static muscular strength varies significantly in different occupations. Heavy static muscular load might lead to an accumulation of metabolic waste and toxins on the back resulting in lower back strength in VDT operators and industrial workers.     

Design parameters for video display terminal workstations

Body dimensions are main determiners of equipment dimensions. Design for the “average user” is not suitable. Selected percentile values at the lower and upper extremes of the variable distribution determine minimum and maximum equipment dimensions or adjustment ranges. Interactions among design variables must be considered. This paper applies this rationale to the determination of major equipment dimensions of video display terminal (VDT) workstations. While the approach is generally usable, the specific data describing the U.S. population used in this paper indicate design ranges appropriate for North America. Since American body dimensions are quite comparable to most European data, the equipment dimensions should also be suitable for use in Europe.     

A cross-country comparison of short- and long-term effects of an ergonomic intervention on musculoskeletal discomfort, eyestrain and psychosocial stress in VDT operators: selected aspects of the international project.

Three groups of data entry female visual display terminal (VDT) workers from Norway (n = 30), Poland (n = 33) and the USA (n = 29) were compared. Before intervention, the Norwegian group reported more neck pain compared with the Polish group. The Polish group reported less shoulder pain than both the U.S. and the Norwegian groups. The clinical examination documented fewer symptoms and signs of musculoskeletal illness among the Polish participants compared with the Norwegian and the U.S. groups. After intervention, the Norwegian group reported a reduction in neck pain while the U.S. group reported a reduction in shoulder pain. The Polish group reported an increase in neck, shoulder and forearm pain at follow-up compared to after intervention. The Polish group recorded higher flexion of the upper arm at follow-up parallel with an increase of pain in the upper part of the body. Visual discomfort showed variable results in the 3 countries.     

Work environment and the well-being of clerical and VDT workers

This paper explores the relationships between extent of video display terminal usage, perceptions of the physical work environment, task characteristics, and workers' health and well-being among a group of 1032 female office clerical workers. Data are drawn from responses to a 30-minute questionnaire administered at four employment sites during 1981 and 1982. All-day terminal users reported significantly higher levels of job and physical environment stressors than part-day VDT users, typists and non machine-interactive clerical workers. Reports of musculo-skeletal strain and dissatisfaction were also highest among all day terminal users. Part-day VDT users, typists and clerks all reported relatively similar levels of job and physical working conditions, health symptoms and job satisfaction. No significant differences between any of the groups were observed for gastrointestinal, respiratory, psychological and other non-specific health complaints. Typists and clerical workers who also held supervisory positions reported fewer stressors and greater job satisfaction than workers with no supervisory tasks; however there were no such differences between supervisors and non-supervisors engaged in all-day VDT work. Implications of these findings for further research and for job redesign strategies to alleviate the potentially stressful aspects of office automation are discussed.     

Operators’ signal-detection performance in video display unit monitoring tasks of the main control room

This study evaluated the operators’ signal-detection performance in video display unit (VDU) monitoring tasks of the main control room (MCR). So far the study of the relationship between VDU design strategy and human errors has been superficial. To validate the effect of VDUs design strategies on operating errors in the MCR, this present research adopted a within subject experimental design to develop different experimental treatments based on two types of display modes included consistent mode and mixed mode. A total of 13 undergraduate and graduate students were recruited as participants in the experiment. Dependent variables included situation awareness, reaction time, error frequency, and subjective performance. Some research support was found for the representation principles. The conclusions of this study could not only be implemented by the human-system interface (HSI) designers of a MCR in the advanced nuclear power plant (NPP) but also could be generalized to the extent that other digital workstation similar to the MCR.     

汽车组装流水线作业工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查研究

从调查３１６名汽车组装流水线作业工人的慢性肌肉损伤情况中发现，其主要不适有右手或右肩的疲劳、下背痛、手腕压痛、前臂压痛及下背压痛等。汽车组装流水作业工人的这些症状和体征与其工作时右上肢活动明显多于左上肢及常处于前倾弯腰体位有关