室内公共场所禁烟当从政府部门做起

3月22日,卫生郎印发新版<公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则>(以下简称<细则>.<细则>规定,室内公共场所禁止吸烟.<细则>将于2011年5月1日起实施.(<京华时报>3月23日) 烟草每年夺去100万国人的生命,危害可想而知.在室内公共场所吸烟,二手烟对人体的危害更大.国家出台<细则>规定,禁止在室内公共场所吸烟,十...     

公共场所禁烟不妨学习香港经验

正国家卫计委新闻发言人近日表示,为落实中办、国办《关于领导干部带头在公共场所禁烟有关事项的通知》,卫计委将发挥示范带头作用,将卫生计生机构全部纳入无烟环境创建,开展公共场所禁止吸烟立法研究,配合有关部门推进国家级公共场所禁止吸烟立法,推进我国控烟立法进程。在公共场所禁止吸烟近年来已     

四川省环境科学学会环境医学专委会学术交流会在攀枝花召开

四川省环境科学学会环境医学专委会与省环境诱变剂学会和卫生毒理专委会于 2 0 0 0年 11月 2 8日至 12月 1日在攀枝花市园林宾馆联合召开了学术交流会。参加这次学术交流会有来自四川省和重庆市大专院校、省各级卫生防疫站、省环保科研院等单位的代表 70多人。共收到论文 87篇 ,论文包括饮用水卫生、公共场所卫生监督、环境卫生调查与检测、环境毒理和卫生毒理等部分。与会代表进行了认真地学术交流 ,并结合环境医学的科研和实际工作中的问题进行了深入讨论。会上还有 8位专家作了综述报告和专题讲座。这次学术交流会内容丰富广泛 ,讨论气氛…     

我国公共场所禁烟现状及对策分析

分析目前我国公共场所禁烟现状，探讨进一步加强公共场所禁烟工作的对策。方法：对四川、贵州、浙江、广西等地区的疾病控制中心、卫生监督所以及健康教育所的工作人员进行定性访谈，并结合文献综述。结果：尽管我国公共场所的禁烟工作取得了一些成绩，但仍存在很多不足之处。结论：公共场所彻底禁烟不仅需要烟民的自觉禁烟，也需要政府有关法令的力行实施，更需要全社会广大群众的共同参与。     

实行“三利用、三统一”办法加强环境管理力度

马铵山市花山区针对环保机构人手少、执法力量较弱的情况，独辟新径，采取了“三利用、三统一”的、万法，加大了环境管理的力度，走出了一条城区环境管理的新路。一是利用卫生措施，统一超前评价区领导根据卫生局与环保局工作联系密切这一特点，提出了一环保、卫生超前进行卫生状况环境影响评价”的方法。要求凡申领卫生许可证，卫生局必须通知环保局，环境监理人员与卫生监督人员一同勘查，两局认为合格后，再由卫生局颁发许可证，此举防止了“一只管开业、不管污染”的现象发生。尤其是一九九三年开征餐饮业排污费以来，超前介入使百分之…     

大型公共场所空气污染与防治对策建议

通过对锦州市大型公共场所室内空气质量近1a的监测与分析,找出了锦州市大型公共场所室内空气的首要污染物,揭示了影响大型公共场所室内空气质量状况的因素,提出了具体的解决办法和措施.     

多功能光触媒智能化空气净化器

由绵阳市禾林科技有限公司开发的多功能光触媒智能化空气净化器，适用于各类居住，办公环境和公共场所的空气净化。     

"科瑞莱"节能环保空调 KLF-18

由东莞市科达机电设备有限公司开发的“科瑞莱”节能环保空调KLF—18，适用于人口密集的公共场所。     

澳大利亚积极开展控制垃圾活动

CampaignonTheControltheAmountofGarbageLaunchedActivelyinAustralia澳大利亚的垃圾研究与回收协会在80年代开展了一项控制垃圾的运动，在公共场所取得了减少垃圾70％的成效。在叨年代，该协会又强调开展这个运动，并且赋予它以全球主题。垃圾研究与回收协会对新南威尔士州的     

环境健康学与可持续发展、生活质量

环境健康学是环境科学的重要分支之一,也是公共卫生和和预防医学的重要组成部分.环境健康学研究环境中的物理、化学、生物、社会以及心理社会因素与人体健康,包括生活质量的关系,揭示环境因素对健康影响的发生、发展规律,为充分利用对人群健康有利的环境因素,消除和改善不利的环境因素提出卫生要求和预防措施,并配合有关部门做好环境立法、卫生监督以及环境保护工作.     

Sanitation workers at the frontline: work and vulnerability in response to COVID-19

ABSTRACT

The absence of a vaccine and effective treatment for COVID-19 has created public panic and burdened the health systems in most countries. Along with health workers’, sanitation personnel are also working at the frontlines in the war against the disease by keeping cities clean. Sanitation workers are engaged in Drudgery, Dangerous, Dirty and Dehumanising work that makes them vulnerable for developing the chronic respiratory diseases due to the exposure of various hazardous materials and toxic gases that are emitted from the solid waste. The sanitation workers working on a contractual basis are excluded from the labour policies and welfare programs who are playing a vital role in fighting the pandemic. Women sanitation workers are even more vulnerable because most of them are non-literate, poor in financial management and under-represented in the sanitation employee’s union. The local and state governments should protect and safeguard sanitation workers by providing them with adequate protective equipment, ensure payment of paying adequate salaries and provide them with health insurance.     

Potential health hazard of drinking water in restaurants and tea stalls

Potable and equitable drinking water (DW) is a fundamental human right and essential for human health. This study is conducted to assess the groundwater and jar water quality of the roadside restaurants and tea stalls used for drinking by the local people around the Gazipur City area in Bangladesh. Water samples from 173 restaurants and tea stalls are collected. The physico-chemical and biological parameters are analyzed according to the guidelines and standards. The results illustrate that the color, EC, and Mn of 41%, 80%, and 62% of the samples, respectively, exceed the WHO and Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) standards. In addition, E. coli and total coliform exceeding the threshold standards are found in 47% and 64% of the water samples, respectively. The contamination of DW by fecal coliforms is confirmed and supported by prior studies, which indicates that the DW supplied in restaurants and tea stalls are unsafe because of the possible presence of pathogens. These may cause potential health hazards to consumers from various water-borne diseases. Poor sanitation, unhygienic practices, and improper disposal of wastewater are responsible for the microbial contamination of DW. So, the authorities in charge of these places should take the right regulatory steps, such as regular sanitation inspections, DW quality monitoring, hand-washing practices, and better sanitation in these places.     

Restoration,stewardship, environmental health,and policy: understanding stakeholders' perceptions

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the health of humans and the environment, restoration of contaminated or otherwise degraded lands, and in long-term stewardship of public lands. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether governmental agencies and the public hold similar views about the meanings of these concepts, making policy decisions about restoration and stewardship difficult. In this paper, I explore how the public conceptualizes restoration and stewardship by examining the relative rating of several attributes of restoration, stewardship, environmental health, ecological health, environmental restoration, and ecological restoration. People were interviewed in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, near the Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory. The ratings of attributes of environmental health and ecological health reported in this paper can be used to understand how the public understands these concepts. The attributes rated most highly by the subjects were more similar to definitions in the scientific literature for these terms than they were to those used by the Department of Energy. For environmental health, the highest rating related to human sanitation, while for ecological health the highest rating was for maintaining functioning ecosystems. Reduction of exposure to hazardous substances was rated the second highest for both environmental and ecological health. The wise use of natural resources, preservation of natural resources, and hazardous waste site cleanup were rated the highest attributes of stewardship. These data suggest that both expert and nonexpert perceptions about restoration and stewardship should be incorporated into environmental management decisions.     

Assessing hygiene and health related improvements of a rural water supply and sanitation programme in northern Ghana

A case control study was carried out to assess hygiene and health related improvements of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Hygienic improvements were measured in terms of sources of water collection and storage arrangements, waste disposal, hand washing, food storage arrangements, and defecation and practices associated with faeces. The perception of women on the mode of transmission and treatment of selected water and sanitation related diseases were the criteria used to assess health related improvements. Comparison of the results in the programme and non-programme communities indicates that the water and sanitation programme has achieved some degree of success in the areas of water use and water and food storage for the beneficiaries. However, little has been accomplished in changing people's attitude towards the disposal of household, animal and human waste. In addition, the programme has so far been minimally effective in enhancing women's knowledge about the transmission and treatment of water and sanitation related diseases.     

INTEGRATED PLANNING OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION1

ABSTRACT: Development schemes to improve the health of the rural populace through prevention of the transmission of communicable diseases should be considered in the context of some kind of “Sanitation Package” to ensure effectiveness. The general practice of concentrating resources on limited objectives, like water quality improvement, is shown to be less effective than allocating the same resources to multi-objectives defined in the Sanitation package. Systems Dynamic Modeling based on the DYNAMO II language, is presented as a capable tool for sanitation systems planning.     

Private Sector Participation in Urban Water and Sanitation Provision in Ghana: Experiences from the Tamale Metropolitan Area (TMA)

African governments, like most countries in the developing world, face daunting tasks in their attempts to provide effective and equitable water and sanitation services for their ever increasing urban populations. Consequently, the past few years have witnessed increased private sector participation in urban water and sanitation provision, as many African governments strive to improve access to water and sanitation services for their citizens in line with Millennium Development Goal 7 (MDG7). Since the early 1990s, the government of Ghana and many local authorities have entered into various forms of public-private partnerships in urban water and sanitation provision. This article examines the outcome of such partnerships using the Tamale Metropolitan Area (TMA) as a case study with the aim of providing policy guidelines for the way forward. The article argues that the public-private arrangement for water supply and sanitation infrastructure management in the Tamale Metropolis has done nothing that an invigorated public sector could not have possibly achieved. It concludes that there can be no sustainable improvement in water and sanitation provision without political commitment, stakeholder ownership, and strong support for community driven initiatives.     

控制环境与健康风险:美国环境标准制度功能借鉴

传统观念下,环境与健康分属两个不同领域,美国作为最早遭遇环境与健康问题的国家,经过多年努力,形成了建立以保障公共健康为核心的环境标准体系和环境与健康风险评估框架,实现了对环境与健康风险的有效控制。美国对环境污染物的界定主要取决于其对公共健康的影响,将污染物分为普遍及对公共健康危害较大的污染物、一些污染范围较小或对公共健康危害较小的污染物两类,且采取不同的标准制定方法。在标准制定方面,主要是将有关科学共识转化为可执行的环境标准。为了避免环境标准的不确定性带来的不利影响,建立了包括科学论证、公开透明、周期性审查等较为严格的环境标准制定程序。美国赋予环境标准制度以控制环境与健康风险的功能,并通过建立以保障公共健康为核心的环境标准体系,实现对环境与健康风险有效控制的执法路径,对解决中国目前存在的环境标准价值缺失、体系割裂、内容缺失等问题,实现环境标准的功能再造具有较强的借鉴意义。     

Past and future sustainability of water policies in Europe

The article contributes to a discussion on two global issues on water: water resources management, and water supply and sanitation. Focusing on Europe, it traces the legal roots of current systems in history: as a resource, water is considered as a common property, rather than a market good; while as a public service it is usually a commodity. Public water supply and sanitation technologies and engineering have developed under three main paradigms: quantitative and civil engineering; qualitative and chemical/sanitary engineering (both on the supply side); and the most recent one, environmental engineering and integrated management (on the demand side). The cost of public drinking water is due to rise sharply in view of the two‐fold financial challenge of replacing an ageing infrastructure and keeping up with ever‐rising environmental and sanitary quality standards. Who will pay? Government subsidies, or water users? The author suggests that apparent successes with privatisation may have relied heavily on hidden government subsidies and/or the healthy state of previously installed water infrastructure: past government subsidies are still felt for as long as the lifetime of the infrastructure. The article stresses the importance of public participation and decentralized local management of water and sanitation services. Informing and involving users in water management decisions is seen as an integral part of the ‘ethics’ side of the crucial three E's (economics, environment, ethics). The article strongly argues for municipal provision of water services, and hopes that lessons learnt and solutions found in the European experience may serve water services management efforts in other regions of the world.     

基于DPEHA模型生态环境健康评价体系的法治化研究

生态环境健康评价包括生态环境健康风险评估和环境治理有效性的评价,是监测生态环境质量对公众健康的潜在风险和指导决策的重要技术手段。我国至今尚未形成全面有效的生态环境健康评价体系,且在评价某一区域生态环境质量对公众健康的影响时,往往忽略了生态法治的作用。为此,本文基于驱动力—压力—环境条件—健康影响—行动（DPEHA）模型构建了一套具有生态法治特色的生态环境健康评价指标体系,并以深圳市2019年和2020年生态环境健康工作为例,对模型进行验证,以推进深圳生态环境健康保护法治化建设。未来研究要将评价体系应用至不同城市,以深入推进法治中国建设。