强化鱼雷研制通用质量特性监督工作的对策和方法

可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性、安全性和环境适应性是装备发挥综合效能的重要保证。分析了目前鱼雷装备研制通用质量特性监督工作的现状和存在问题,提出了加强鱼雷装备研制"六性"监督的对策和方法,为提高后续型号监督工作的效率提供参考。     

浅论装备可靠性工程

本文在介绍装备可靠性工程的发展历程和装备可靠性工程概念内涵的基础上,阐述了装备可靠性要求的确定、可靠性设计与分析、可靠性试验与评估和可靠性管理等工作内容,最后探讨了开展装备可靠性工程的要求和方法,以期给出装备可靠性工程的概貌.     

结合军用电子装备的特点将可靠性试验贯穿于装备研制生产的各个环节

本文描述的是二炮武器装备的实际使用环境的现状以及二炮通用环境实验室在试验过程中对受试装备出现的故障进行分析,以及如何将可靠性试验贯穿于装备研制生产的各个环节。     

电子设备太阳辐射试验系统的研制

对自行研制的电子设备太阳辐射试验系统进行了介绍。设备研制中对试验系统的辐照灯阵进行了优化设计,同时根据环境试验要求,介绍了太阳辐射试验设备研制过程中所遇到的辐射光源选择及强度控制、光谱分布修正和光源启动系统等技术难点,并给出了解决途径。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

关于在装备研制过程中推行全面质量管理的探讨

武器装备的质量与研制过程质量管理水平密切相关。现代战争对武器装备的各方面性能都提出了更高的要求,提高武器装备研制、生产过程中的质量管理水平对于提升武器装备的战斗能力具有十分重要的意义。结合国内外质量管理发展历程,分析了全面质量管理的优点,提出企业在目前质量管理体系的建立和运行过程中,一定要将全面质量管理的思想融合进去,一切工作要以质量为中心,贯彻"三全"、"四一切"理念。同时通过案例分析,提出在后续装备研制中,应提升过程控制能力、重视设计缺陷控制,加强软件质量与可靠性工作。     

砂尘一体化环境试验系统的设计及研制

本文对自行研制的砂尘一体化试验系统进行了介绍。设备研制中对基于文丘里原理的加砂/尘试验系统和自动监控除湿试验系统进行了详细说明,同时根据环境试验要求,指出了该试验设备研制过程中所遇到的加砂方式优化、温度调控、砂/尘浓度的测量与控制以及吹砂吹尘合一等技术难点,并给出了相应的解决途径。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

电子产品环境应力筛选的技术及实施办法

环境应力筛选作为装备研制、生产中的一个非常重要的环节,结合有关标准,对环境应力筛选的作用、方法、裁减、实施办法等方面进行了阐述和论述。通过本文,使企业能够了解环境应力筛选的重要性,将此项工作落实到产品的研制/生产过程中,提高产品的可靠性,从而达到提升企业效益。     

鱼雷实验室环境与可靠性试验方案探讨

实验室环境和可靠性试验是通过模拟鱼雷寿命周期内的各种环境应力,以暴露其在设计和生产过程中的产品缺陷,提升产品质量并保障其在寿命周期内正常工作的重要手段。本文研究了鱼雷产品寿命剖面内经历的各种阶段和环境应力条件,分析了相关环境应力下鱼雷全雷及各组部件的失效模式及影响,以此为依据制定了鱼雷的环境试验方案;同时,根据鱼雷各研制阶段的特点,提出了鱼雷全寿命周期的可靠性试验方案。     

提高现代声学仪器产品的可靠性

本文从使产品不易丧失工作能力的观点出发,介绍提高现代声学仪器产品的可靠性——改进传感器结构、研制低噪声电路、研制A/D转换技术,以及产品可靠性设计控制试验和提高等方法和措施。     

可靠性试验、环境试验及其相互关系浅析

本文简单介绍环境适应性和可靠性的一般概念,分析环境试验和可靠性试验的基本特点、在产品研制各阶段中的作用及其主要区别,指出环境试验和可靠性试验均为提高产品质量和可靠性的重要手段,环境试验是可靠性试验的必要补充,但可靠性试验不能取代环境试验。环境试验必将作为一个十分有效的手段独立存在,并应在产品的研制过程中尽早使用,为更有效地提高产品的可靠性发挥其应有的作用。     

可靠性技术的发展与应用

本文介绍了可靠性标准体系与参数体系,可靠性的分析与设计方法,可靠性试验的发展趋势,指出可靠性管理是产品可靠性工作的核心,以及提高电子设备可靠性的发展策略。     

Integrating local and technical knowledge to support soil salinity monitoring in the Amudarya river basin

The role of monitoring is changing due to the increasing awareness of complexity and uncertainty in environmental resources management. Monitoring systems are required to support critical reflection about the effectiveness of actions toward the achievement of management objectives. To this aim, monitoring should be based on a strong integrated and multi-scale approach. Monitoring costs could be prohibitive if the monitoring is only based on traditional scientific methods of measurements. To deal with these issues, the design of an innovative monitoring system should be based on the integration between different sources of knowledge and information. In this work the usability of local knowledge to support environmental monitoring is investigated. A multi-step participatory monitoring design process has been implemented aiming to design a program for soil salinity monitoring in the lower Amudarya river basin in Uzbekistan. Although there is an increasing awareness of the importance of stakeholders being involved in decision processes, the current socio-cultural and institutional context is not favourable to the participatory approach. The choice of method to be implemented in this work was influenced by such conditions. The analysis of the lessons learned from the experiences gained in this project revealed some important clues concerning the development of a locally-based monitoring program. These lessons can be subdivided according to three fundamental issues: the long term involvement of local community members in monitoring activities, the acceptance of locally-based monitoring systems by decision makers, and the reliability of monitoring information.     

PARAMETER DETERMINATION FOR THE MUSKINGUM-CUNGE FLOOD ROUTING METHOD1

ABSTRACT: The proportionality coefficient, K, and the weighing parameter, X, required for the Muskingum-Cunge Flood Routing Method are dependent on the hydraulic characteristics of the channel and the dynamic characteristic of the flood wave. This work focuses on the determination of the Muskingum-Cunge Flood Routing Method parameters for streams where measured hydrographs are not available (i.e., ungaged streams) with floods that stay within the channel banks. In the present work, a gaged creek was used and a dynamic wave was routed to test the reliability of the parameters determined through the Schaefer and Stevens technique (Schaefer and Stevens, 1978). The predicted outflow hydrographs are compared to the hydrographs obtained for the same stream determined with the Muskingum Routing option of the HEC-1 program. Cypress Creek in Harris County, Texas, was the model for this work; and the corresponding data were extracted from the Grant Road and Westfield, Texas, USGS gaging stations.     

电子设备可靠性试验技术的应用与发展

可靠性试验是可靠性工程最基本的内容和最重要的工作项目,本文对电子设备可靠性试验的特点和分类、采用的应力类型及适用阶段做了一些介绍,阐述了可靠性试验对于提高电子设备可靠性的重要作用。     

航材一体化装备保障研究

“建立和完善军民融合式的军队保障体系,走出一条中国特色军民融合式发展路子”这是党的十七大提出的明确要求。装备保障是充分发挥装备作战效能的关键,而航材保障是装备保障的重要基础。随着武器装备体系建设的不断完善和快速发展,对航材备件的保障提出了更高的要求。对航材一体化保障国内发展现状及一体化保障优势进行阐述,对发展基本途径进行分析,并指出了航材一体化装备保障的发展方向。     

浅谈我国土壤问题特征及国外土壤环境管理经验借鉴

随着我国社会经济的发展,土壤污染问题逐渐显露。而且我国土壤环境问题及污染防治工作在相当长时间内没有得到应有的重视,土壤污染问题逐渐暴露。加强土壤环境管理是我国土壤环境保护的一项基础性工作,具有十分重要的意义。本文研究分析我国与国外土壤环境问题的差异,总结美国、荷兰、日本三个国家土壤环境管理的经验及其借鉴意义,综合考虑我国发展国情、土壤环境问题特征及土壤环境管理基础,确定我国土壤环境管理要依靠"行政推动和法律监管相结合",提出一个涵盖土壤环境法律法规、标准、技术和装备能力建设(监测、监管、监理、风险管控)、人员队伍建设的适应我国土壤环境问题特征的综合环境管理体系。     

可靠性工程在舰船通信系统设计中的应用

在舰船通信系统的设计过程中,“可靠性”贯穿始终。通过持续提高通信系统可靠性设计能力,不断创新产品设计管理模式,规范系统设计程序,形成有效的系统设计的闭环机制,是提高产品性能的重要流程,并被实践证明有利于系统稳定性的提高。     

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL AND SILVICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL IN CALIFORNIA AND WISCONSIN1

ABSTRACT: In the absence of detailed outlines such as those characteristic of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit program, Nonpoint source pollution control is being initiated in a variety of ways in different states. In California, Regional Water Quality Control Boards play a strong enforcement role in point source control, but agricultural Nonpoint source needs are still being evaluated. Tentative approval of State Board of Forestry Forest Practice Rules by the State Water Resources Control Board has the potential of bringing Nonpoint control to all State and private forestry operations in the state. Wisconsin had developed an agricultural Nonpoint control program which emphasizes a state-wide policy of selecting priority watersheds under the administration of the state Department of Natural Resources, and developing implementation programs under the guidance of local county Land Conservation Committees. The Priority Watershed program institutes BMP's with cost-share funds authorized by the legislature. Wisconsin had not seen a problem in silvicultural activities, and has developed no statewide control program in that area. Common to effective land use control in both states is a state-level policy implemented by agencies within the state. This pattern may be the model for successful programs as development of areawide management strategies continue.     

“改善”在军品全面质量管理和质量改进中作用的探讨

质量改进是武器装备研制过程的重要质量过程之一。根据全面质量管理的理念,结合个人的实际工作经验以及实际案例,对"改善"这一活动进行定义,并对如何开展改善活动进行了阐述和说明,从而促进质量持续改进。     

Agency–Community Partnership in Landcare: Lessons for State-Sponsored Citizen Resource Management

/ With over 2500 Australian Landcare groups, 65,000 volunteer members, and considerable evidence of program impact, Landcare is an important example of state-sponsored rural development in a developed nation. The agency-community partnership is a fundamental element of Landcare and getting the partnership right is vital to long-term program success. After reviewing the emergence of Landcare in the state of Victoria, the author reports research from a 1995 survey of Victorian Landcare groups. Survey information highlighted the extent of agency-group contact, the important roles agency staff played in many Landcare groups, and the positive impact of agency contact and government funding upon group activity. Large majorities of groups reported they were satisfied with their relationship with agency staff. However, a majority of groups reported money or materials provided to manage land and water degradation was inadequate. Recently proposed changes to the Landcare program will provide government funding of work on private property and may address this concern. A majority of groups also reported support for leadership and management training was inadequate and respondents emphasized the need to revise program guidelines that limit funding for group coordinators. This information highlighted the importance of articulating a practical model of community participation in Australia and adopting a systematic approach to providing agency support for Landcare groups. Reflecting upon the Landcare experience, the author suggests some of the key elements of a practical model of state-sponsored citizen resource management contributing to rural development.KEY WORDS: Landcare; Australia; Community participation; Rural development; Citizen resource management; Sustainable agriculture