共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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应用结晶紫染色法细胞毒性试验和胞质分裂阻滞法微核试验(CBMNT)评价饮水消毒副产物(DBPs)的HepG2细胞毒性和遗传毒性,探讨该2种试验方法纳入饮水安全性评价体系的可行性.根据遗传毒性和致癌性选用了5种DBPs,分别对HepG2细胞进行染毒,结果表明,5种DBPs的细胞毒性大小排序为3-氯-4-二氯甲基-5-羟基-2(5氢)-呋喃酮(MX)>二氯乙腈>二溴乙酸>二氯乙酸>三氯乙酸,其细胞毒性潜力(%C?值)分别为89.74,283.81,1217.02,5066.81,9335.38μmol/L,该5种DBPs在一定浓度下均可致HepG2细胞微核率显著增加,表现出明显的遗传毒性,其遗传损伤能力排序与细胞毒性大小相同.可考虑将这两种实验方法纳入到饮水安全性评价体系中. 相似文献
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天津地区土壤中遗传毒性物质的分布规律 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用SOS/umu试验测试了天津地区41个土壤样品有机提取物的遗传毒性,研究了该地区土壤中遗传毒性物质污染水平及区域生态风险的分布规律.结果表明,在所研究区域中,遗传毒性的高风险区主要分布在天津市和塘沽、汉沽两个区.其中,汉沽区土壤有机组分遗传毒性值最高,其次为塘沽区和市区.与有限的文献报道数据相比,天津地区土壤有机组分的遗传毒性较高,且与该地区土壤中多环芳烃浓度的分布规律相似.研究结果表明,遗传毒性的生物效应标记方法可以用于区域生态风险评价,来快速筛选和甄别遗传毒性物质污染的高风险区. 相似文献
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为探明典型炼化废水处理系统(简称“系统”)生物毒性削减效果、主要致毒物质类别及微生物功能响应关系,以费氏弧菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为受试生物,测试系统沿程生物急性毒性及遗传毒性,并结合毒性鉴别评价方法甄别系统主要致毒物质,同时利用高通量测序技术探究系统微生物功能结构与主要致毒物质响应关系.结果表明:(1)系统沿程生物毒性总体呈下降趋势,生化处理单元进水为急性毒性微毒、遗传毒性阳性.其中,炼油废水急性毒性总削减率为86.514%,遗传毒性总削减率为96.221%;化工废水急性毒性总削减率为53.281%,遗传毒性总削减率为62.273%.(2)通过毒性鉴别评价方法 (toxicity identification evaluation,TIE)结果推断,炼油废水主要致毒物质可能为阳离子金属及非极性有机物,化工废水主要致毒物质可能为阳离子金属.(3)CCA分析表明,NH3-N浓度(r=0.819,p=0.001)、Cr浓度(r=0.777,p=0.002)、TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon,总石油烃)浓度(r=0.752,p=0.002)与生化处理前微生物群落结构... 相似文献
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二氧化氯消毒前后污水毒性的变化及消毒条件的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用发光细菌试验和umu试验,分别考察了二氧化氯投加量和反应时间对污水二氧化氯消毒后急性毒性和遗传毒性变化的影响.结果表明,随着二氧化氯消毒剂投加量的增加,消毒后水样的急性毒性不断增大,但遗传毒性逐渐减小后趋于稳定.随着反应时间的延长,二氧化氯的消耗量不断增大,消毒后水样的急性毒性先增大后减小,遗传毒性逐渐减小后趋于稳定.由于消毒条件对污水急性毒性和遗传毒性有着不同的影响,说明污水中产生急性毒性和产生遗传毒性的物质不同,对于某一种污水,通过控制消毒条件可以使消毒后污水的急性毒性和遗传毒性都较低. 相似文献
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通过对淮阴市重点源工业废水的遗传毒性试验,毒理学资料分析及同步理化测试数据的比较分析,提出了可以用遗传毒性试验筛选优先控制污染源的观点。 相似文献
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利用彗星实验检测渤海区主要入海河流遗传毒性.以虾虎鱼为受试生物,暂养在河口水样中,染毒48h,取外周血细胞,运用彗星实验检测外周血细胞内DNA损伤程度,以尾相(TM)作为DNA损伤程度指标,并据此评估入海河流邻近海域遗传毒性风险.实验结果表明,入海河流中的特征污染物可导致虾虎鱼外周血细胞的DNA损伤,且损伤程度可以通过彗星实验定量分析,同时该试验方法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,能够反映出多种污染因子的综合致毒能力.因此,通过彗星实验建立实验室检测入海河流遗传毒性方法具有可行行和创新性. 相似文献
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用SD大鼠原代肝细胞作程序外DNA合成(UDS)试验,检测黄浦江上游水源保护区9家工厂的工业废水,结果表明,在不同时间采集的9家工厂的两批工业废水UDS试验均呈阳性,并且呈剂量—反应关系。这说明9家工厂的工业废水有潜在的致突变作用和致癌作用,对这些工业废水的排放应加以控制。 相似文献
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应用人外周血淋巴细胞的非程序DNA合成试验(UDS)和小鼠DNA合成抑制试验(DSI),对南四湖污染严重的沙堤、薛排沟、下航道三个监测点水中有机提取物,进行致突变活性检测。结果显示三个监测点水样有机提取物均可诱发CPM值显著性增加;实验组小鼠肝、肾和睾丸组织的3N-TdR掺入量明显下降,与阴性对照组相比有显著性差异,对DNA合成抑制呈明显剂量一效应关系。结果还显示南四湖水中有机污染物主要是DNA损伤剂。 相似文献
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Genotoxicity evaluation of drinking water sources in human peripheral blood
lymphocytes using the comet assay 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
WU Yulin CHEN Haigang LI Zhaoli SUN Liwei QU Mengmeng LI Mei KONG Zhiming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(4):487-491
The potential harm of organic pollutants in drinking water to human health is widely focused on in the wodd; more and more pollutants with genotoxic substances are released into the aquatic environment. Water source samples were collected from 7 different localities of Nanjing City. The potential genotoxicity of organic extracts from drinking water sources were investigated by means of the comet assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results showed that all the organic extracts from all the water source samples could induce DNA damages of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at different levels. A significant difference (P 〈 0.01) was observed when compared with the solvent control, The DNA damage increased with the increase of the dosage of the original water source. Significant differences of DNA damage were observed in different drinking water sources, as shown by the multiple comparisons analysis at the dosage of 100x; the degree of DNA damage treated by Hushu waterworks (at town level) was the most serious, the arbitrary units (AU) was 141.62±6.96, however, that of Shangyuanmen waterworks (at city level) was only 109.64±2.97. The analysis also revealed that the genotoxicity of town's water sources was higher than that of the city. The results demonstrated that the comet assay can be successfully applied to the genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water sources. 相似文献
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Based on the fact that recycling of combined filter backwash water(CFBW)directly to drinking water treatment plants(WTP)is considered to be a feasible method to enhance pollutant removal efficiency,we were motivated to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples from two pilot-scale drinking water treatment systems,one with recycling of combined backwash water,the other one with a conventional process.An integrated approach of the comet and micronucleus(MN)assays was used with zebrafish(Danio rerio)to investigate the water genotoxicity in this study.The total organic carbon(TOC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),and trihalomethane formation potential(THMFP),of the recycling process were lower than that of the conventional process.All the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)between the conventional and recycling processes,and indicated that the genotoxicity of water samples from the recycling process did not accumulate in 15 day continuous recycling trial.It was worth noting that there was correlation between the concentrations of TOC,DOC,UV254,and THMFPs in water and the DNA damage score,with corresponding R2 values of 0.68,0.63,0.28,and 0.64.Nevertheless,both DNA strand breaks and MN frequency of all water samples after disinfection were higher than that of water samples from the two treatment units,which meant that the disinfection by-products(DBPs)formed by disinfection could increase the DNA damage.Both the comet and MN tests suggest that the recycling process did not increase the genotoxicity risk,compared to the traditional process. 相似文献
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长江南京段水体中有机污染物的遗传毒性研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
运用人外周血淋巴细胞彗星试验和蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验对长江南京段水体中有机污染物的遗传毒性进行了研究. 结果表明:长江南京段水体中的有机污染物对人外周血淋巴细胞和蚕豆根尖细胞均产生了不同程度的损伤,存在明显的遗传毒性,有机物是导致水体遗传毒性的主要因素. 试验结果与水体的有机污染状况基本一致. 彗星试验结果及趋势与微核试验相吻合,但前者更为敏感. 彗星试验和微核试验的结合使用在水环境的遗传毒性监测方面具有较大的应用价值. 相似文献
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Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system (MEAS). For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference (p〈0.01) was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity (AS) of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity (TAS) of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source. 相似文献
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The genotoxicity of drinking water treated with 6 disinfection methods and the effects of disinfection conditions were investigated using the umu-test. The pretreatment procedure of samples for the umu-test was optimized for drinking water analysis. The results of the umu-test were in good correlation with those of the Ames-test. The genotoxicity and production of haloacetic acids (HAAs) were the highest for chlorinated samples. UV + chloramination is the safest disinfection method from the aspects of genotoxicity, HAA production and inactivation effects. For chloramination, the effects of the mass ratio of Cl2 to N of chloramine on genotoxicity were also studied. The changes of genotoxicity were different from those of HAA production, which implied that HAA production cannot represent the genotoxic potential of water. The genotoxicity per chlorine decay of chlorination and chloramination had similar trends, indicating that the reaction of organic matters and chlorine made a great contribution to the genotoxicity. The results of this study are of engineering significance for optimizing the operation of waterworks. 相似文献