共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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用大量实测水质资料,全面分析了柴石滩水库坝前、中部及库尾不同水域的水质现状,分析了南盘江入库河流弹药库水质代表断面的水质现状及水质变化趋势,提出了水库水污染控制及水资源保护措施. 相似文献
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对昆明市主要供水水源松花坝水库、大河水库、柴河水库作了水质现状和富营养化评价,结果为2005年松花坝水库水质为IV类,中营养;大河水库水质为Ⅲ类,中营养;柴河水库水质为Ⅲ类,富营养.分析了3个水源地2001~2005年污染指标变化趋势,根据污染分析提出了防治对策. 相似文献
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阿斯旺建坝后尼罗河三角洲重金属污染研究进展——对长江三角洲的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人类活动尤其是流域建坝对下游三角洲会产生深远的环境影响。1964年阿斯旺建坝后尼罗河三角洲沉积环境发生重大改变,以廉价水电为基础的埃及工业迅速发展,大量工农业废水排入沿海泻湖,造成了严重的重金属污染并威胁人体健康。本文详细梳理了埃及阿斯旺建坝后尼罗河三角洲重金属研究历史与现状,及重金属污染导致的生态效应。同时,本文针对我国三峡大坝的修建及长江口可能出现的环境响应,提出了今后应关注的研究方向。 相似文献
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通过对麻栗坝水库工程的水质进行预测分析,结果表明,麻栗坝水库不会产生富营养化,重金属含量不会明显增加,水利工程对水体质量变化影响较小。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2008,16(13):1388-1398
The implementation of new high-speed transport technologies re-shapes the demand balance between transport modes and rebound effects may occur. In this paper first a definition of environmental rebound effects of high-speed transport is presented and various cases are discussed. Second, a method is developed to determine and quantify the environmental rebound effects employing life cycle assessment. The method is illustrated in a case study by investigating the greenhouse gas emissions of a frequently discussed future underground maglev train system for Switzerland.The environmental rebound effect expresses the size of environmental impact changes due to demand corrections in relation to the plain substitution effect. The latter expresses efficiency substitution effects due to the substitution of existing transport services with a high-speed transport service; i.e. passenger-kilometre performance remains constant in a world with and without the new transport service. Demand corrections are determined employing the notion of the constant travel time budget, assuming that if travel speed increases, the time saved will be exclusively used to travel more and further.In order to quantify the environmental rebound effect we determined the environmental efficiency – including operation, energy supply, vehicle supply and infrastructure supply – for all important transport services of the current passenger transport system as well as for the new transport technology. In addition, we generated and quantified a set of cornerstone scenarios to address possible changes in mobility patterns and technological options of passenger car transport at the time when the new high-speed transport technology would be in operation.The results show an increase of per capita environmental impact for all considered scenarios even without accounting for additional transport demand due to time saving effects. All scenarios show additional environmental impacts due to rebound effects on top of pure substitution effects.The case study demonstrates that taking into account demand changes, i.e. rebound effects is essential to evaluate emerging transport technologies. New technologies allowing for higher travel speed, even if energy-efficient on a passenger-kilometre basis, might lead to higher environmental impacts. This is ignored by the traditional approach of environmental transport assessment, which compares environmental efficiency of each transport mode separately. The presented approach allows to better understand the consequences of new transport services, and facilitates the assessment of future transport technologies on the level of the transport system as a whole. 相似文献
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典型环境中三种自然环境加速试验方法的环境强化效果分析 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
目的研究自然环境加速试验方法的环境强化效果。方法通过分析实时监测获得的典型环境不同自然环境加速试验装置中,温湿度环境因素变化数据,找出典型环境中不同自然环境加速试验装置内部的温湿度环境因素变化规律,计算得到典型环境中不同自然环境加速试验方法对温湿度环境因素的强化效果。结果得到了典型环境中不同自然环境加速试验装置的特征温湿度变化规律曲线图。结论玻璃框、黑箱、强制通风玻璃框等3种自然环境加速试验装置对自然环境的光照热效应有明显的强化作用,其内部温度变化梯度大小与环境中太阳辐射量大小相关。 相似文献
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提高环境政策法律效益的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首先探讨环境行为的相关性强、连带影响大、副作用多的特性 ,揭示和比较行为限制与区域限制的区别和联系 ;然后讨论环境政策易产生间接影响、极易产生经济效应和社会效应的特性和环境政策实施会造成暂时性经济损失 ,造成部分人暂时生活困难的特性。在此基础上 ,提出保护策略应从单纯“禁、堵”策略改为“禁、堵、疏、导”策略 ,强调应加强环境政策社会学分析和环境政策经济分析 ,加强环境政策评估 ,以提高环境保护效益 相似文献
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基于SD-CA-GIS的环境累积效应时空分析模型及应用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
环境累积效应分析强调环境变化的时空放大作用,突出环境要素之间的时空交互作用,从而对环境分析方法的能力提出了挑战.因此,本文在对传统环境分析方法归纳、分析和总结的基础上,以地理信息系统(GIS)为基础平台,集成系统动力学(SD)和元胞自动机(CA)的优点,建立了能够分析时间累积、空间累积效应的SD-CA-GIS模型.以山西潞安矿区作为研究区域,在分析矿区社会、经济、工程和环境等因子之间时空交互作用的基础上,构建了SD-CA-GlS模型.考虑到矿区土地利用变化的特殊性,从影响矿区土地利用变化的驱动因子出发,预测和模拟了矿区2006-2030年土地利用变化的累积状况.结果发现,由于煤炭资源开采等人类干扰活动的影响,研究区在研究时段内,工矿用地、居民用地和交通用地呈现累积性增加,其它土地利用类型累积性减少.同时,由于不同阶段人类活动干扰的种类和强度变化,使得不同土地利用类型的空间扩展变化存在一定的差异.上述研究表明,该模型能够同时考虑时间累积效应和空间累积效应的动态变化,能为环境累积效应的分析和评价提供有效的帮助. 相似文献
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中国出口贸易与环境目标相容性评估——基于环境效应分解模型的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在理论上,国际贸易既可能促进环境改善,也可能加重环境负担。在实际中,国际贸易对环境的影响最终可分解成规模效应、结构效应和技术效应。本文通过构建一个包括政府因素在内的环境效应分解模型,对中国1996年-2005年出口贸易的环境效应进行了大致估算,结果发现中国出口贸易与环境目标不相容,加重了环境负担。最后,在此基础上提出相应对策建议。 相似文献
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吉林省经济增长和环境变化的动态关系 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以吉林省为例,采用无残差完全分解方法和柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,分别提取环境变化和经济增长的驱动因子,在分析共同影响因子对环境系统和经济系统作用差异的基础上,应用异速生长模型分析经济子系统和环境子系统的相对变化关系.结果表明:经济增长和环境变化具有不同的增长维度,环境变化中的规模效应依赖于经济系统中资源要素的投入水平,而驱动经济增长的技术变化因子仅仅是引起环境变化技术效应的一个方面,环境系统的技术变化具有一定的独立性;经济增长和环境变化既有关联性也有差异性,经济系统主导形成二者倒“U”型的数量关系,而环境系统影响因子进一步决定了在何种污染程度上穿越环境高山;环境变化和经济增长的相对速率具有广义分维性质,环境系统和经济系统的负异速生长是实现可持续发展环境目标的根本途径. 相似文献
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Environmental pollution has become one of the greatest problems in the world, and the concerns about environmental pollutants released by human activities from agriculture and industrial production have been continuously increasing. Although intense efforts have been made to understand the health effects of environmental pollutants, most studies have only focused on direct toxic effects and failed to simultaneously evaluate the long-term adaptive, compensatory and secondary impacts on health. Burgeoning evidence suggests that environmental pollutants may directly or indirectly give rise to disordered element homeostasis, such as for iron. It is crucially important to maintain concerted cellular and systemic iron metabolism. Otherwise, disordered iron metabolism would lead to cytotoxicity and increased risk for various diseases, including cancers. Thus, study on the effects of environmental pollutants upon iron homeostasis is urgently needed. In this review, we recapitulate the available findings on the direct or indirect impacts of environmental pollutants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals and pesticides, on iron homeostasis and associated adverse health problems. In view of the unanswered questions, more efforts are warranted to investigate the disruptive effects of environmental pollutants on iron homeostasis and consequent toxicities. 相似文献
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军用包装与武器装备的环境适应性 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
阐述了环境对武器装备的影响,讨论了军用包装在武器装备环境适应性中的作用及与环境工程的关系,认为开发新的军用包装材料和包装技术、加强军用包装的环境试验是提高武器装备环境适应性的重要途径。 相似文献