土地级别的不确定性

根据Rough集理论，提出了土地级别不确定性模型和精度测度模型，用精度测度表示确定性分类精度和不确定性分类精度，以及分析了土地定级中级别划分的不确定性和不同级别分类质量的变化规律。     

小城镇基准地价更新方法研究

基准地价评估及更新是目前土地管理的一项重要和经常性的工作。针对小城镇的土地利用特点，对小城镇土地定级估价更新中的地价样本祷点、土地级别调整、基准地价更新评估等方面进行了研究，选择级别界线修订法更新小城镇土地级别，并在此基础上探索出适合小城镇特点的基准地价更新方法。     

城市规划与城镇土地定级相互作用机理研究

城市规划与城镇土地定级之间的相互影响是多方面的。一是城市规划纲要、城市总体规划以及控制性详细规划的编制,分别从宏观和微观两方面影响着城镇土地定级工作;而城市规划的不同实施方式和不同实施程度对具体地块土地级别以及城镇土地级别空间分布格局有着直接和较大的影响。二是城镇土地级别现状和城镇土地级别变化趋势分析,潜在影响着城市规划方案设计、城市规划方案决策、城市规划实施和管理过程,并为其提供依据和指导。在此基础上,如何量化城市规划对城镇土地定级的影响值得进一步具体研究;发挥城镇土地定级工作的作用,更好地为城市规划服务,解决人们的住房问题,更值得深入思考。     

甘肃省生态文明城市综合评价指标体系构建

在总结国外马斯达尔和哈马碧生态城市建设经验的基础上,从能源矿藏、水资源、土地、林业、空气、垃圾、产业、交通、科技医疗、人口收入就业、文化等方面选取38项基础指标和4项特色指标构建了甘肃省生态文明城市综合评价指标体系,检验了其科学性和合理性。结果显示:从权重看,水资源、土地、人口收入就业三类指标所占权重最大(0.4355);从关联度看,RD经费投入占GDP比重、单位土地面积GDP产值、自然保护区占国土面积比重的关联度最大,是影响甘肃省生态文明建设的主要因素。     

中国城市土地市场有效性的实证研究

将有效市场假说应用于我国城市土地市场中,利用全国土地交易价格指数,采用序列相关检验、游程检验和方差比检验3种方法分别对我国城市土地市场的弱式有效性进行了实证检验,一致得出我国城市土地市场尚未达到弱式有效的结论.提出了对策建议:①营造公平、公开、公正的土地市场环境,发挥市场在配置土地资源方面的基础性作用.②打破对一级土地市场的垄断,构建城乡一体化的土地市场.③构建完善的土地市场指数系统,强化信息基础平台建设.     

土地财政影响住房价格的理论探讨与实证分析

在住房价格不断飙升的背景下,地方政府得益于土地财政收入的迅速增加,引发了土地财政是否推动房价上涨的探讨。基于乘数效应和简化的区域经济增长三部门模型,分析土地财政影响房价的机制;采用我国1999—2010年各省面板数据进行单位根检验、Hausman检验和协整检验,构建土地财政影响住房价格的长期均衡模型。理论与实证分析均发现,存在土地财政推高房价的循环效应,地方政府经济增长对土地财政的依赖程度与住房价格呈正相关关系。     

中国土地整理分区研究进展与展望

合理划分土地整理区,明确不同区域土地整理的类型与方向,是制定土地整理标准和技术措施的基础,也是编制土地整治规划的基础。分析了包括土地整理功能分区、土地整理工程类型分区和土地整理潜力分区在内的中国土地整理分区研究新进展,探讨了目前研究中存在的问题和今后研究的主要方向。     

黑龙江流域(中国侧)生态功能区的划分

划分生态功能区是保护和建设生态环境的需要。黑龙江是中俄界河,一条重要的国际河流,根据生态环境规划暂行规程,结合界河流域的自然地理、气候、植被、生态系统类型、生态服务功能及生态敏感性等,对黑龙江流域界河段进行了生态功能区的划分,并对划分的合理性及各功能区的保护与建设方向进行了探讨。     

农用地定级中耕地级别确定及方法研究——以广东省五华县为例

农用地质量等级划分是国土资源大调查的主要内容。以广东省五华县耕地定级为例，阐述了农用地定级的主要内容，重点对用修正法定级中因素的选择量化及权重的确定、修正因素分值计算以及耕地级别划分与校验等做了详细探讨，力争为我国农用地分等定级工作寻求一种更为科学合理的方法。     

构建土地利用规划环境影响评价的指标体系

20世纪90年代中期,土地科学界和生态学界曾提出:"无论将土地作为生产性利用还是非生产性利用,都会形成一种干扰,使生态环境的不确定性增大,从而降低土地利用规划的科学性和合理性".在这一背景条件下,尝试性地按照土地利用类型对其所带来的环境变化影响与效应进行了分析,并在此基础上构建土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系及可采用的评价方法.     

试论环境监测数据审核机制的建立及运作

环境监测数据审核是环境监测质量管理的重要一环.在对环境监测数据审核重要性的认识及其内容、依据分析解释的基础上建立了环境监测数据审核运行机制.并提出了几点措施,确保环境监测数据在获取过程中得到有效监控,把监测数据差错率清除在监测过程的各个环节.     

THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MONITORING1

ABSTRACT: An informal sample of 30 flawed monitoring projects was examined to identify the most common problems and to determine how they could have been prevented. Problems fall into two general categories: 70 percent of the sampled projects had design problems, and 50 percent of the sampled projects had procedural problems. Monitoring projects implemented by land‐management agencies tended to have a higher proportion of procedural problems than did university‐based programs (generally graduate student research), while the frequency of design problems was similar between agencies and universities. The most common problems were poorly trained or unmotivated field crews (37 percent of projects, a procedural problem), a sampling plan that was not capable of measuring what was needed to meet project objectives (30 percent, design), delays in analyzing data (27 percent, procedure), inadequate monitoring durations (27 percent, design), and absence of the collateral information needed to interpret results (20 percent, procedure). Most of the problems could have been avoided by submission of the study design to thorough technical and statistical review, active participation of the principal investigators in field data collection, and analysis of at least some of the data as soon as information was collected so that problems could be recognized early enough to be corrected.     

Estimating the Extent of Impervious Surfaces and Turf Grass across Large Regions

The ability of researchers to accurately assess the extent of impervious and pervious developed surfaces, e.g., turf grass, using land‐cover data derived from Landsat satellite imagery in the Chesapeake Bay watershed is limited due to the resolution of the data and systematic discrepancies between developed land‐cover classes, surface mines, forests, and farmlands. Estimates of impervious surface and turf grass area in the Mid‐Atlantic, United States that were based on 2006 Landsat‐derived land‐cover data were substantially lower than estimates based on more authoritative and independent sources. New estimates of impervious surfaces and turf grass area derived using land‐cover data combined with ancillary information on roads, housing units, surface mines, and sampled estimates of road width and residential impervious area were up to 57 and 45% higher than estimates based strictly on land‐cover data. These new estimates closely approximate estimates derived from authoritative and independent sources in developed counties.     

土壤污染风险规制中的行政裁量研究

我国土壤污染风险规制在专家遴选标准、建设用地和农用地污染风险管控要求,以及风险管控措施等方面存在不同程度的行政裁量。社会理性和科学理性的缺失形成了土壤污染风险行政裁量困局。土壤污染信息制度中“适时公开”的规定使得公众缺乏必要污染信息,弱化其参与程度,导致对行政决定合法性的质疑。此外,土壤污染风险管控标准中专家遴选标准和论证规则的欠缺导致土壤污染风险规制科学理性的缺失。为此,需要建构关照事实和规范的协商式行政裁量模式,强调公众的实质性参与以弥合技术理性和公众理性的鸿沟。同时,在程序上确定专家遴选标准和风险管控标准的论证规则以保证土壤污染风险管控的科学性和客观性。在不妨碍行政裁量权灵活性和能动性的前提下,规范行政裁量权的行使,控制行政裁量权的滥用。     

惠州市陈江镇土地定级暨基准地价评估与成果分析

2002年,陈江镇划归惠州市城区管辖,行政区划的改变给该镇的土地价格带来了明显变化.介绍了陈江镇土地定级与估价过程中资料的收集、评估参数的确定、估价技术方法的选择和土地定级的估价.在对比前后工业、商业、住宅用地的价格后,重点从级别范围的变动、地价体系的变化和地价水平三个方面详细分析了陈江镇的基准地价在行政区域变化前后土地价格变化的原因,并对基准地价与原惠州城区地价体系的衔接作了具体分析.     

Fishers,Farms, and Forests in Eastern North America

The fisher (Martes pennanti) has recently recovered from historic extirpations across much of its geographic range. There are at least five explanations for the recovery of the fisher, including changes in the amount of habitat, the suitability of habitat, trapping pressure, societal attitudes toward predators, and climate. We evaluated a recovering fisher population in Ontario to test two conditions we viewed as necessary to support the hypothesis that fisher populations have increased due to an increase in the amount of forested land. First, we tested whether the amount of forested land has increased. Second, we tested whether contemporary fisher abundance (and therefore habitat quality) was related to the amount of forest. Topographic maps showed that the proportion of forested land in the study area had increased by 1.9% per decade since 1934 and 3.3% per decade since 1959, likely as a result of land conversion from agricultural uses. Overall the proportion of the study area that was forested increased from 29% to 40% during 1934 to 1995. Census data from the region indicated that there had been a decline in the amount of land area being farmed during the last 50 years. Recent livetrapping data showed that fisher abundance was positively related to the proportion of landscapes that were forested. Based on our results, we could not reject the hypothesis that an increase in the amount of forested land has contributed to the recovery of fisher populations.     

Mesoscale survey of western and northwestern Irish lakes – Spatial and aestival patterns in trophic status and phytoplankton community structure

Inland water bodies are considered as integrated parts of the landscape and the monitoring of water quality and aquatic resources need to be addressed on a regional basis for optimal assessment and management. In this study, a simple stratified sampling scheme was applied to a mesoscale survey of western and northwestern Irish lakes, which was carried out to identify, based on the distribution patterns of phytoplankton biomass, potential associations between lake trophic state and land cover attributes. Phytoplankton community analysis was also performed to determine whether taxa associations reflected meteorology-linked aestival succession or specific spatial distributions. The assessment was based on the typology of hydrogeomorphological and land cover attributes of river catchments through ArcGIS analysis. Sampling was carried out in 50 lakes and during a 15-week period in summer 2009. Results showed a general longitudinal gradient in the trophic status of the lakes sampled, with a greater frequency of mesotrophic lakes in the eastern part of the study area where land cover is dominated by agricultural surfaces. Significant relationships (p < 0.010) were found between chlorophyll-a concentration and the proportion of river catchment surface covered by agriculture land and wetlands, findings which might be considered further as proxies for developing an eutrophication risk index. Multivariate analysis of phytoplankton community data clustered the sampled lakes into three assemblages, with ordination along axis 1 being significantly correlated to time and temperature (p < 0.006). There was greater frequency of occurrence of diatoms in lakes from cluster III (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05, H = 6.34, df = 2, n = 49), concomitant to lower chlorophyll-a concentrations, lake surface temperatures and Secchi depths, reflecting meteorological conditions dominated by precipitations. Those results support the potential of mesoscale surveys to assess water quality variables and detect environmental patterns at regional scales.     

Statistical and Spatial Analysis of Land Cover Impact on Selected Metro Vancouver, British Columbia Watersheds

The Greater Vancouver area has undergone significant land use and land cover (LULC) change over the past several decades, often adversely affecting stream health and water quality, particularly in those areas that have undergone the most urbanization. In this study 30 years of historical LULC and water quality data were examined using GIS and statistical analysis to better understand these impacts and to help build a broader understanding of cause and effect relationships of changing LULC, especially since urbanization is increasingly occurring within sensitive watersheds at greater distances from the City of Vancouver. Urban, agriculture, and disturbed LULC data from 1976, 1986, and 2000 were examined within a number of watersheds and related to historical water quality data sampled from streams during similar time frames. Additional higher resolution 2006 LULC data from a smaller number of watersheds were then examined and compared to stream health data to investigate the sensitivity of LULC data resolution on monitoring watershed impact. While LULC impact can be clearly seen at both high and lower resolutions, issues of ambiguous land cover and land use designations can potentially affect the magnitude of the relationship.     

Modelling trends in woody vegetation structure in semi-arid Australia as determined from aerial photography

Accounting of carbon stocks in woody vegetation for greenhouse purposes requires definition of medium term trends with accurate error assessment. Tree and shrub cover was sampled through time at randomly located sites over a large area of central Queensland, Australia using aerial photography from 1945 to 1999. Calibration models developed from field data for the same land types as those represented within the study area allowed for the extrapolation of overstorey and understorey cover, basal area and biomass values and these were modelled as trends over the latter half of the 20th century. These structural attributes have declined over the region because of land clearing with values for biomass changing from a mean of 58.0(+/-1.2)t/ha in 1953 to 41.1(+/-1.0)t/ha in 1991. The biomass of Acacia on clay and Eucalypt on texture contrast soils land types has declined most dramatically. Within uncleared vegetation there was an overall trend of increase from 56.1(+/-1.2)t/ha in 1951 to 67.6(+/-1.3)t/ha in 1995. The increase in structural attributes within uncleared vegetation was most pronounced for the Eucalypt on texture contrast soils and Eucalypt on clay land types. It was demonstrated that the sites sampled were representative of their land types and that spatial bias of the photography, undetected tree-killing, sampling error, inherent variability of structural attributes and measurement error should not have impacted greatly on bias or precision of trend estimates for well-sampled land types. Certainly the errors are not likely to be substantial for trends averaged over all land types and they provide an accurate assessment of the magnitude and direction of change. The technique presented here would appear to be a robust means of accounting for the above-ground woody component of woodlands and open forests and will also contribute to a broader understanding of savanna dynamics.     

地价模型在农用地基准地价评估中的应用——以宿州市埇桥区为例

以埇桥区农用地为研究对象，基于农用地分等定级成果，建立不同的地价模型并进行统计检验，得到农用地综合质量和农用地价格之间的最佳关系模型，揭示农用地的综合质量和农用地价格的统计规律。研究认为，在市场交易案例很少的情况下，建立地价模型进行基准地价的评估是科学的，在此基础上对农用地基准地价进行评估和实证分析。