论云南高原湖泊环境整治与湖泊旅游开发的互动机制

湖泊以其独特的旅游资源成了具有很大吸引力的旅游目的地。高原湖泊成为云南省旅游开发的热点，但是日益严重的湖泊生态环境问题成为制约湖泊旅游开发的瓶颈。文章探讨了湖泊生态环境整治与旅游活动开发的互动机制，并提出了一系列促进二者良性互动的对策与措施，将有利于云南高原湖泊旅游的可持续发展。     

湖泊型旅游地开发的定量评价研究

根据湖泊型旅游地开发评价因子的特性,构建了湖泊型旅游地开发评价指标体系,将其分为数值型因子和模糊型因子两种类型,提出一种具有兼容性的湖泊旅游地开发综合评价模型.该模型结合旅游地综合性评价模型和模糊评价模型的优点及适应范围,分别对数值型和模糊型评价因子进行评价,然后得出定量化的综合评价结论.     

新疆艾比湖湿地开发及环境效益分析

以新疆典型湖泊湿地艾比湖为主要研究区,并与东部洪泽湖、中部鄱阳湖和西部青海湖在生态系统服务功能、生态经济价值等方面进行了比较。由于气候、资源特点不同,各个湖泊湿地的开发方式和开发力度不同,使湖泊湿地的环境效益不同,产生了一系列生态环境问题,由此提出了湖泊湿地的开发利用建议。     

哭泣的抚仙湖

正云南抚仙湖,是我国第二大淡水湖泊,占全国淡水湖泊蓄水量的9.16%,然而一家当地旅游开发公司却把度假区建在了这块国家一类饮用水水源地上,使抚仙湖湿地和湖滨带的生态环境遭到破坏。2014年当地政府就对该违法行为进行了罚款,然而直到2016年7月,中央第七环保督察组检查期间,度假区建筑依然存在。一类水质湖泊遭违规开发抚仙湖储水量200多亿立方米,被称为"中国的贝加尔湖"。根据环保部定期公布的地表水监测数据,抚仙湖是我国为数不多的一类水质湖泊。因此,     

被透支的湖泊

打开湖泊的命运档案,罗布泊的消亡历史诠释着湖泊生命的脆弱,而"千湖之省"湖北省湖泊数量的大幅下降,太湖、巢湖正在污染的泥潭中挣扎的尴尬更是长期以来重开发轻保护,湖泊命运多舛的反面教材。来自水利部的统计数据显示,过去50年我国天然湖泊减少1000个左右。湖泊保护该何去何从?     

淮阴开发湖泊水产发展“三高”农业

本文依据淮阴目前农业的发展趋势和境内面大量广的湖泊资源优势，论述大力开发湖泊水产资源是淮阴发展“三高”农业的一条重要途径，并提出围绕“三高”确定开发方向，途径和目标，以及实现目标的战略措施。     

我国湖泊污染控制效果不佳的根本原因及对策

近几十年来我国湖泊环境持续恶化,其根本原因是对湖泊的脆弱性认识不足,没有把氮磷污染控制真正放在突出位置并落到实处。因此应对所有的入湖之水制定出严格的超前控制标准,大力开发高效低耗的氮磷控制技术,建立专人负技术总责的湖泊治理技术决策机制,以此争取湖泊污染控制和生态恢复取得突破性进展。     

遥感技术在城市湖泊演变研究中的应用

以武汉市东湖和沙湖为例,以多时相TM影像为数据源,利用ERDAS软件提取东湖和沙湖1991年、2001年和2006年的水域面积信息从时空两方面对湖泊水域面积的演化特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,1991—2006年湖泊水域面积出现急剧下降,减少了1040.43hm2。分析认为,随着城市经济的发展,对土地的需求会更为迫切,城市湖泊的保护也将面临巨大挑战。遥感技术具有宏观性、动态性与实时性的优势,能够快速、准确地获取大范围地区水域面积变化信息,定量地分析城市湖泊演化规律,为城市湖泊的合理开发、利用和保护提供重要依据。     

东太湖茭草资源的开发利用

本文论述了东太湖茭草资源的现状及对环境的影响,揭示其生态失调、利用价值下降的趋势,勾保护湖泊资源和水利功能,提出了开发治理对策。     

试论查干湖湿地保护

查干湖国家级自然保护区是我国东北地区重要湖泊群湿地之一,为合理地开发和保护其丰富的自然资源,应在宣传、立法以及严禁开发占地、过度捕捞、水污染等几个方面采取保护措施.     

立体气候区生态足迹研究——以攀枝花市米易县为例

以四川省攀枝花市米易县2008年、2009年的统计数据为基础,运用生态足迹计算方法,对该县生态足迹进行了研究.结果表明,米易县人均生态足迹为1.0657hm2、人均生态承载力为1.0405 hm2,生态足迹与生态承载力大致相当,米易县处于地区非可持续性—全球可持续性发展状态.在此基础上,提出了实现立体气候区可持续发展的对策和建议.     

氚靶制备现场氚的辐射防护

氚靶制备过程中氚的辐射防护是整项工作能否顺利完成的关键之一,本文以一次氚靶制备为例,报道了氚靶制备现场氚的辐射防护。结果表明：在氚靶制备过程中,充氚手套箱、操作间和排放烟囱内的氚浓度均未达到操作现场设定的氚的管理值,本次制靶过程中外排氚量为6．78×10^9Bq;制靶期间操作间地面和工作台、仪表上氚表面污染最大值分别为23．20Bq／cm^2、1．85Bq／cm^2、11．53Bq／cm^2,均远低于GB18871—2002中规定的控制区表面放射性物质污染控制水平值;剂量监测间地面氚表面污染最大值为8．92Bq／cm^2,低于国家标准中对监督区表面氚污染的控制限值;操作人员休息间、剂量监测控制间和走廊地面氚表面污染最大值分别为15．28Bq／cm^2、3．35Bq／cm^2、14．05Bq／cm^2,低于国标中对非限制区表面氚污染的控制水平;本次充氚活动中现场工作人员所受的剂量在国家标准值以下,对公众造成的附加剂量远低于GB18871—2002中规定的限值。     

Upscaling of Environmental Information: Support of Land-Use Management Decisions by Spatio-Temporal Regionalization Approaches

This article presents several case studies in southwest Germany, which aimed to support land use management decisions by a process-oriented statistical upscaling of point-related environmental monitoring data to the landscape scale. When techniques of data subsetting were used in a sensible way and corresponding to the appropriate scale for the evaluation envisaged, multiple linear regression offered a data mining technique which was able to spatially predict relatively complex environmental patterns with parsimonious, interpretable and accurate models, whereby different evaluation scales were best represented by different DTM resolutions. Scenario models based upon the regression formulas were a valuable tool for visualizing management options and evaluating management impacts (tree species selection) on soil functions (carbon storage), which qualifies the presented methodology as a useful aid in decision making. Such upscaling techniques may be used for forecasting long-term effects of ecosystem management, but they provided no information on temporal dynamics. Therefore, time trends of point information on soil solution data were scaled by linking them to soil chemical data which was available in higher spatial resolution, using both statistical and process-oriented methods.     

COMPARISON OF BANK EROSION AT VEGETATED AND NON-VEGETATED CHANNEL BENDS1

ABSTRACT: Following major floods in 1990 which resulted in widespread bank erosion in southern British Columbia, four streams typical of the region were evaluated for the effect which riparian vegetation played in reducing erosion. A total of 748 bends in the four stream reaches were assessed by comparing pre- and post-flood aerial photography. Bends without riparian vegetation were found to be nearly five times as likely as vegetated bends to have undergone detectable erosion during the flood events. Major bank erosion was 30 times more prevalent on non-vegetated bends as on vegetated bends. The likelihood of erosion on semi-vegetated bends was between that of the vegetated and non-vegetated categories of bends.     

STREAM TYPES IN THE DES MOINES RIVER BASIN1

Stream tributaries in the Des Moines River basin have been classified according to the glacial terrain through which they flow. Three stream types were categorized as follows: (1) streams that flow entirely on Wisconsin drift, (2) streams that flow entirely on Kansan drift, and (3) streams that have their headwaters located on new drift but have their lower reaches flowing on older drift. Selected channel and valley characteristics were measured and used to verify the stream type classification. Five variables were chosen for use in a multiple linear discriminatory analysis, which is a statistical technique developed for the purpose of classifying observations into one of several categories which have been predetermined. The streams in each group were verified with the exception of three anomalies based on the probability associated with the largest linear discriminant function. The rationale for the three anomalous streams is not easily determined. But, they are considered to be associated with pre-glacial drainage or at least pre-Wisconsin age drainage. Otherwise, the analysis shows that the major channels and valleys in the Des Moines River basin tend to reflect the glaciated upland surface.     

曲阜孔林动植物物种资源现状与保护对策

本文调查研究了孔林内动植物物种资源的现状,报道了高等植物物种有３５６ 种（ 包括变种和亚种） ,隶属９１ 科２４３ 属,鸟类有２８ 种,分属９ 个目,并提出了保护孔林动植物物种资源的几点对策     

三百山禁止开发区生态旅游环境质量综合评价

对主体功能区中禁止开发区域进行生态旅游环境评价是发展生态旅游的前提.选取国家风景名胜区三百山为研究对象,采用AHP法构建生态旅游环境质量评价指标体系,通过压力-状态-响应模型,应用模糊综合评判法定量分析了该区域生态旅游活动对自然、经济社会环境质量的影响,以及生态压力与响应状况.评价结果为禁止开发区域探寻生态旅游发展模式提供了决策依据和参考.     

我国城市生活垃圾处理行业2009年发展综述

简述了2009年我国城市生活垃圾处理的总体状况;归纳了2009年国家发布和实施的有关标准和政策;介绍了2009年新批准申请CDM的填埋气体利用项目和垃圾焚烧发电项目、垃圾堆肥项目,以及新投入运行的生活垃圾焚烧发电厂;对城市生活垃圾处理行业的发展进行了展望。     

乡镇土地定级因素因子体系的探讨

以乡镇土地定级为研究对象,通过对当前乡镇土地定级工作特点的分析,指出了现行城镇土地定级因素因子体系应用于乡镇土地定级存在因子过多、部分因子无实际意义等问题。在此基础上建立了适合乡镇土地定级的因素因子体系,并在宣城市梅渚镇的土地定级工作中得到了较好的应用。     

移动通信基站景观影响评价方法与实践

为保护景区景观资源,降低对景观的影响,有必要开展风景区移动通信基站建设项目的景观影响评价。针对其建设特点,梳理了移动通信基站景观影响评价思路,探讨了评价方法。以南京玄武湖公园梁州基站为例,在景观敏感度和景观阚值评价的基础上,对3处基站拟建址的景观影响进行评价,给出评价结论和建议,对开展景观影响定量评价具有很好的参考价值。