青海湖湿地生态旅游资源开发刍议

青海湖湿地是中国国际重要湿地中面积最大、建立最早的湿地之一,但由于开发不当,环境保护意识淡薄,其独特的湿地生态旅游资源景观破坏严重;缺乏湿地保护管理的协调运行机制,导致湿地生态旅游资源的脆弱性,因此处理好青海湖湿地生态旅游资源开发和保护是一个重要的课题。分析了青海湖湿地生态旅游资源开发的开发现状,针对开发利用中的不足提出了促进青海湖湿地生态旅游健康发展的对策。     

西部湿地资源现状、问题及可持续发展研究——以四川省若尔盖高原湿地为例

湿地是水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,合理的开发利用将对西部开发中的生态环境建设直到巨大的作用。本文主要介绍我国西部湿地资源的基本情况、利用现状及存在问题,并以四川省若尔盖地区为例提出了西部湿地资源保护和可持续利用的科学对策。     

吉林向海自然保护区湿地资源的保护

在分析吉林向海自然保护区湿地资源现状及其保护意义的基础上 ,针对湿地资源受到的严重威胁 ,提出了保护对策。     

盐碱湿地青虾资源及其增养殖

青虾是松嫩平原盐碱湿地重要的渔业生物资源 ,具有一定的渔业经济价值。以新荒泡为例 ,介绍了青虾的生物学特征、资源利用现状及其增殖途径 ,提出了青虾的池塘、稻田与网箱养殖的模式及其主要技术措施。     

我国湿地保护法律的空缺分析与立法建议

法律法规是湿地保护管理制度的基础。我国尚无湿地保护专门性法律,但是针对湿地中的多个要素已经制定了相关法律法规,这些法律法规能否满足湿地保护的需要是湿地保护立法中的关键问题。本文针对湿地保护的法律需求,系统分析了现行法律法规的满足情况和空缺情况,并提出湿地保护立法的建议。分析结果表明：在13个方面的法律需求中,现行法律满足程度为“基本满足”的有3个方面,即湿地野生动物保护管理、湿地野生植物保护管理、外来物种管理;满足程度为“部分满足”的有4个方面,即湿地土地资源管理、湿地水资源管理、湿地水污染管理、湿地渔业资源管理;而满足程度为“难以满足”的有6个方面,即湿地范围界定、湿地保护目标与规划、湿地保护生态补偿、湿地修复、基础管理、体制机制。最后建议我国湿地保护立法应基于政府视角而非仅仅部门视角,对于不同满足程度的方面采取不同的立法策略,并重点构建保护管理体制机制。     

青海湿地资源现状及保护管理对策探讨

文章阐述了青海省高原湿地资源类型多样、分布不均衡、地域特征明显、海拔高、结构简单等特点,分析了缺乏统一的协调组织机构、法律法规体系不健全等问题,提出了建立湿地保护与合理利用资源的综合管理协调机制,完善湿地资源利用与管理的有关政策和法制体系,大力加强湿地自然保护区域建设,加强湿地科学研究的发展对策。     

湿地生态环境影响评价研究的进展

鉴于湿地资源开发的环境影响评价的重要性以及我国目前所处困境,探讨了湿地生态环境影响评价中的重点和难点问题。在分析湿地生态系统特征及其开发利用产生的生态环境问题基础上,论述了湿地资源开发存在的问题:适宜于湿地资源开发环境影响评价(EIA)的生态监测体系尚未建立。文章在分析我国湿地资源开发产生的生态环境问题的基础上,探讨了湿地资源开发可持续环境影响评价(EIA)的理论,研究了开展湿地资源开发可持续EIA面临的困境,并提出了相应的对策。     

湿地的生物多样性

2009年2月2日是第13个世界湿地日,其主题为“从上游到下游,湿地连着你和我”,旨在呼吁人们关注河流流域,共同保护流域的生态环境。中国湿地资源丰富,居世界第四、亚洲第一。中国自1992年加入《湿地公约》后,采取了一系列重要措施保护湿地,目前已有超过40％的自然湿地得到有效保护。本期我们将介绍湿地中的生物多样性保护。     

辽宁沿海经济带滨海湿地资源的开发与保护研究

辽宁省拥有丰富多样的滨海湿地资源.随着辽宁沿海经济带升级为国家战略,滨海湿地资源将面临不同程度的开发影响.从辽宁滨海湿地资源禀赋与开发现状人手,分析了滨海湿地资源开发与保护中存在的主要问题,探讨了滨海湿地在沿海经济带开发中的重要功能与地位,并提出实现滨海湿地资源可持续开发利用的对策建议.     

湿地资源禀赋功能及其研究进展

湿地广泛分布于世界各地,是一种重要的生态系统,具有多种生态服务功能。主要分析了中国湿地现状,介绍了湿地在生态、经济、社会等方面的功能,对目前国内外湿地的研究特点与进展进行了分析与讨论,为今后湿地资源可持续利用、保护及研究提供有益参考。     

盐碱湿地鲇鱼资源及其增养殖

鲇鱼是松嫩平原盐碱湿地重要的高值食用鱼类之一。根据近年来对新荒泡鲇鱼的研究,作者报道了其生物学特征、经济价值、资源利用现状及其对新荒泡渔业资源的影响,提出了鲇鱼的增养殖途径及其关键技术。     

Implementing Sustainability: the Use of Natural Channel Design and Artificial Wetlands for Stormwater Management

Sustainability is a concept that has been widely embraced both politically and intellectually but has not been addressed in terms of practical application. In most resource sectors, the features of a sustainable future remain unclear and there are few examples that give practical expression to sustainability. This is especially true in the case of water resources management which has been conspicuous in its absence from the majority of the literature. This paper attempts to address this deficiency on two counts. First, it provides a discussion of sustainability and the application of the concept to the management of water resources. Second, the paper illustrates how the concept can be utilized for the management and planning of urban stormwater. The paper concludes by offering research opportunities to investigate the feasibility of adopting natural channel design and artificial wetlands for sustainable stormwater management.     

大安古河道区的渔业开发利用

吉林省西部大安古河道区是松辽平原农业综合开发的重点区域之一．在对古河道区域内的渔业资源进行全面调查的基础上,本文初步探讨了区域内各类渔业资源的开发利用途径．     

生态文明视域下河北沿海地区湿地农业发展转型研究

基于生态文明建设视域,分析了河北沿海地区湿地农业发展现状,指出目前存在天然湿地面积逐年减少、抵御自然灾害能力降低、水资源及环境条件恶化、湿地功能发挥受到限制等主要问题,阐释了湿地农业发展转型的必要性,提出实现湿地农业持续发展,必须推动其增长方式向依靠科学技术和科学管理转型,生产方式向依靠基础设施和技术装备转型,经营方式向适度规模经营转型,农产品向多品种、高品质转型,发展方式向多次产业融合转型。     

Knowledge,Gender, and Resources in Small-Scale Fishing: The Case of Honda Bay,Palawan, Philippines

The coastal zone is a place of intense activity where resources, users, and resource-use practices interact. This case study of small-scale fisheries in Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines shows that resources, space, and gender are intertwined. The study was conducted between June 1997 and July 1998. The data were gathered using free listing, pile sort, ranking, resource mapping, and key informant interviews. The results showed that women's knowledge about fishery resources and their fishing activities are associated with the intertidal zone whereas men's knowledge is associated with coral reefs. In classifying fishery resources, appearance is the main consideration for women whereas a combination of appearance, habitat, and type of fishing gear is the consideration used by men. Market price is very important because of its dependence on the demand of the export market as well as the local market. Women dominate the buying of fishery products. Many women market their husband's catch, process fish, or gather shells and sea cucumber for sale. Among the fishing households, type of fishing gear provides an indication of socioeconomic standing. This paper concludes that access to resources is shaped by gender and age. The differences in resource knowledge possessed by men and women lead to differential access to fishery resources. In addition, the differences in socioeconomic status also influence resource access. The socialization of children into fishing reinforces the gender division of labor and space in the coastal zone.     

Use of created cattail (Typha) wetlands in mitigation strategies

In order to balance pressures for land-use development with protection of wetland resources, artificial wetlands have been constructed in an effort to replace lost ecosystems. Despite its regulatory appeal and prominent role in current mitigation strategies, it is unclear whether or not created systems actually compensate for lost wetland resources. Mitigation predictions that rely on artificial wetlands must be analyzed critically in terms of their efficacy. Destruction of wetlands due to burial by coal fly ash at a municipal landfill in Danvers, Massachusetts, USA, provided an opportunity to compare resulting growth of created cattail (Typha) marshes with natural wetland areas. Once the appropriate cattail species was identified for growth under disturbed landfill conditions, two types of artificial wetlands were constructed. The two systems differed in their hydrologic attributes: while one had a surface water flow characteristic of most cattail wetlands, the second system mimicked soil and water conditions found in naturally occurring floating cattail marshes. Comparison of plant growth measurements for two years from the artificial systems with published values for natural cattail marshes revealed similar structure and growth patterns. Experiments are now in progress to investigate the ability of created cattail marshes to remove and accumulate heavy metals from polluted landfill leachate. Research of the type reported here must be pursued aggressively in order to document the performance of artificial wetlands in terms of plant structure and wetland functions. Such research should allow us to start to evaluate whether artificial systems actually compensate for lost wetlands by performing similar functions and providing the concomitant public benefits.     

The Ecological and Environmental Characteristics and Conservation of the Wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China

The natural wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China are important ecologically. The total area of the wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary amounts to 215000 ha. The wetlands consist of littoral and sandy estuarine island areas, and are rich in biological resources. There are 136 species of vascular plant, 150 species of bird, and 68 species of benthic macro-invertebrate in the wetlands. However, the wetland in the Changjiang Estuary is a vulnerable ecosystem. Development of the wetland is mainly influenced by intensive human reclamation, pollution, movement of sediments in the Changjiang River, and the effects of tides and waves. Investigations have shown that maintaining biodiversity, providing resources for the living organisms, purifying environments and resisting natural hazards could be regarded as important functions for the protection of the wetlands. It is proposed that sustainable principles should be supported in developing the wetlands in the future.     

湿润区与干旱区典型湖泊湿地对比案例研究

选取东部湿润区与西北干早区典型湖泊湿地--洞庭湖湿地与艾比湖湿地,对其湿地资源特征、湿地生态服务功能及价值、湿地退化的表征和退化湿地生态恢复对策等方面进行了比较研究.通过研究发现,湿润区湖泊湿地资源禀赋优于干早区湖泊湿地,湿润区湖泊湿地与干旱区湖泊湿地均具有较强的生态服务功能和较高的价值,在湿地退化表征方面有共性也有差异,针对不同气候区域的退化湖泊湿地应采取不同的恢复对策.     

烟台市近海海域水质污染研究

烟台市海洋渔业资源丰富,水产业在该市农业经济中占有重要的地位,但近海海域存在石油、无权氮和活性磷酸盐的污染,水质污染对水力业构成了严重危害．为控制该市近海海域水质污染,本文建议当地政府加强对工业污染源的管理,尽快兴建新的污水处理工程,加强海上船舶排污的监督与管理力度,以及引导农民合理应用化肥．     

我国南海海域渔业环境保护法律问题与对策

我国南海渔业活动及其以外的人类活动产生的环境问题,严重污染了南海海域的水质,威胁着南海渔业资源的可持续发展。我国南海海域渔业环境保护法律体系已形成,提供了较为合理的制度安排。但仍存在一些法律问题,其中以环境影响评价制度、海洋环境监测制度和海水养殖污染防治制度等方面的问题较为突出。因此本文提出以下法律对策:明确渔业部门在环境影响评价制度中的法律地位,加强渔业海域环境监测的协调机制和完善海水养殖污染防治制度,以期依靠法治的力量保护南海渔业资源的可持续发展。